Management and Leadership: Toyota Plc and Amazon.com Case Study

This report examines leadership and management principles through a comparative analysis of Toyota Plc and Amazon.com. It begins by defining the roles of leaders and managers, differentiating their functions and responsibilities within organizational structures. The report explores various leadership theories and models, including situational, management by objective, systems, and contingency leadership, and how these are applied in the context of Toyota's operational management. The report also discusses the importance of operational management and the impact of the business environment on operational strategies, using Toyota and Amazon as case studies to illustrate these concepts. Finally, the report highlights key approaches to operational management employed by Amazon.com, focusing on continuous improvement and cost control to enhance efficiency and customer satisfaction. The report emphasizes the application of these principles to improve profit and productivity within organizations.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P.1 Definition of leader and manager.....................................................................................1
P.2 Function of manager and role of leader in different situational context..........................2
P.3 Different theories and models..........................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P.4 Key approaches of operation management......................................................................5
P.5 Importance and value of operation management.............................................................6
P.6 Business environment that is give impact on operation management.............................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and business operation is focused on the role of director and leadership in
industry organisation which assistance the establishment in the betterment of the manufacture
skilfulness and improvement of the high quality merchandise. The written report is based on
Toyota Plc, a Japanese company dealing in the auto mobile sector and Amazon.com online
organisation (Antonakis, 2017). Further, it covered value of the theories of administration and
styles of leading has been explained in the context of use of the trading operations' governance of
Toyota Plc and Amazon.com. On the other hand, plan of attack social control of company
mainly focussing on long term occurrence through consumer contentment.
TASK 1
P.1 Definition of leader and manager
Leader :- The person who lead and command the group, organisation. In addition,
vision, missionary station and neutral in structure. It is focal point on create an ennobling vision
of the approaching of the disposal. It is individual who relation internal team member in
arrangement and guide them proper reported to activity or working civilization in organisation.
Leader is individual or a skills in worker in organisation. It is one of the most important part for
improve future development (Arnason, 2017). It will take any kind of decision for improvement
of the organisation. On the other hand, Leader attribute will powerfulness the arrangement
system and their team up. The attitude and demeanour of the leader is essential to succeed any
content for structure. Also, team will be performed improved with leader’s effectual attribute.
Manager :- Manager is focused on overall operation management of the organisation.
Manager is job heading that in use in constitution to denote and worker who has certain duty's
and duty to lead the purpose in administration and achieve content in work place. In addition,
main focussing of the managing director is to optimal utilisation of organisational beginning to
get amended output in future condition (Ba, 2016). This is help to improve the level of different
factor in organisation. Then role and social control of particular decision maker has related there
position in the set up. In on the job state of affairs just prepare the plan form there message in
TOYOTA arrangement and focussing on daily task and arrangement. In work place director in
keep filmed of each and every worker in organisation. Administrator is provided direction on
every activity of worker in day to day work.
There are some role and characteristics of leader and manager are as follows :
1

Role of leader :- A leader is to be set a clear vision of an organisation. In addition,
motivation employees is help to improve the performance of each and every employees in
organisation. In the in-between and lower level, it is needed for representation and execution of
plans and program framed by the top negotiate (Baboli, 2017). Leading can be exercised through
counselling and counselling of the assistant at the instance of execution of plans. Leader is help
each and every employees about the work and achieve goal in organisation. In the same way,
individual through leading traits' assistance in accommodative integrating the face-to-face goals
of the worker with the organisational goals. He is trying to coordinate the attempt of group
towards a common intention and thereby achieves objectives or improve profit and productivity
inside organisation.
Role of a manager:- In this context, manager is person who manage each and every
factor internal as well as external factor of the organisation. Managers execute the responsibility
of a formal and symbolical in nature such as hospitable official visitant, signing court-ordered
written document etc. as head of the organisation or plan of action business concern unit or
administrative district. On the other hand, focus on level of communication is to be maintain in
side the organisation (Bryson, 2017). This is help at the time to take new decision in
organisation. Manager is improved the level of interaction with subordinate, improve working
environment or increase profit.
P.2 Function of manager and role of leader in different situational context
The purpose of managers and the role of leadership make the structure work in the
coveted way towards the accomplishment of the objectives of the social group. There is different
purpose of administration as well as various traits and kind of leadership which assists in the
proper operation of the utility of being off (Cachon, 2018). All such kinds of function and role
help to improve the current market structure and increase public presentation of employees. In
the same way, different situational context is, Toyota Plc, is preserving covering the difficulty
where the monetary value of the fuel, material and instrumentality are exploding on a speedy
pace and in such difficulty it the effective affectation of the functions of governing bodies and
the skills of leadership to plan and instrumentation such strategies which can handle the cost of
manufacture to indefinite quantity the sales and revenue of the troupe.
There is respective explanation of social control which implied with the leading skills
make the establishment grow its operations. The in working order social control department of
2

Toyota Plc, focusing on the social control theories and harvester the efforts of leadership to cut
down the expenditure of commercial enterprise. On the other hand, different theories help to
motivate each and every activity to improve condition level in organisation. There are some
changes to be made as per the need of market conditions.
The contemporary explanation of social control is applied by Toyota Plc, to a business
deal with the actual condition of the accumulated cost of the acquisition and presentation. Here,
the director can design the plan of action, such as choice of businessperson who can supply the
raw worldly at lower outlay (Casolino, 2018).
In the same way, manage work with employees and set a level of standardisation and
decrease the level of competition in different market. There are some changes to be made as per
heightening the productiveness (Cronk, 2017). The managing director has formulated the plan of
action known as KAIZEN in which the attempt of the direction and staff are around-the-clock to
better the industry activities and here they take part style of leading can be applied so that the
input signal of both the person and administrator in the determination regarding reducing the cost
and better the manufacture.
 Planning: The important function of managers of Toyota Plc is to plan and set the goals
of the company. It is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human and non human
resources. Thus, managers and leaders of a particular company has to plan accordingly
and direct their followers in order to achieve desired goals.
 Organizing: The managers' role of Toyota Plc is to organize their staffs as per the plan
derived. Leaders of a particular team organise their followers as per skills and knowledge
to achieve particular objectives.
 Directing: The managers direct the tasks to be performed to the leaders of a Toyota Plc.
Thus, leaders directs his staffs by motivating and guiding them so that they put their
efforts so that goals are accomplished.
 Staffing: the manager of a particular company trains leaders to achieve particular goal.
Thus, role of a leader is to create group of specialised skills and motivate them to achieve
desired goals.
 Controlling: As other elements are in place, the manager and leaders has to control the
staff by continuously checking results against targeted goals. The functions of different
3

departments such as production department and the finance department also serve the
company with the benefit of manufacturing the auto-mobile of high quality in best prices
Controlling: The strategies formulated by the managers and the implementation of these
strategies by the leaders in the Toyota Plc are controlled and monitored by the mangers of the
company
P.3 Different theories and models
There are some changes to be made as per the need of current market level and improve
the level of production in different markets. Situational leading mention to the kind of leading
where the style of activity count upon the accomplishment and capableness of the worker for
whom the leadership are needed to power for the pass completion of the task. The trading
operations' social control of Toyota Plc can be impressed with this gracious of lading as the
leadership adopt an antithetic sort of leading to various determine (DeAnna, 2017). The existing
situation of the establishment where the establishment is protective cover the issues of the
enhanced cost, situational position can play a major theatrical role in the following state of
affairs : Situational leadership refers to the type of leadership where the style of leadership
depends upon the skills and capabilities of the employees for who the leaders are required
to influence for the completion of the task. The operations' management of Toyota Plc
can be affected with this kind of leadership as the leaders adopt different styles of
leadership on different situations. The management of objective plays an important role
in sorting the operational issues by sharing the decision making process with the
employees and the expertise are combined of the managers and the employees for the
fulfilled of the task. The management by object approach can bring motivation among the
employees with the feeling that they are being valued in the organization and this can
bring efficiency in their working. Systems leadership has certain principles in order to make leaders influence their
followers by providing a tool through which strategies and designs of systems are done.
Leaders analyse various environments so that they can ascertain opportunities and threats.
This will enable Toyota Plc's leaders to effectively delegate work as well as guide
employees by bringing out their best potential.
4

 Contingency leadership follows leader member relations in which leadership is exercised
through trust and confidence of employees. There is a task structure that is created so that
division of work is clear, which makes it easy to complete tasks. Leaders have full power
over their followers and they have the ability to punish or reward them. This can help
Toyota Plc management as followers can build relationships and trust their leaders so that
there is no delays in operations of their business.
All such kind of case use theories and other decision making activity which helps to
improve the cost rate in the organisation. To be help such kind of activity, which is increasing
the cost and meliorate predominate in the securities' industry and the leadership and the
managing social group consequence to the modification accordingly and kind the system work
on that path. With the help of such kind of theories, it aids in improving profit and productivity
in structure.
TASK 2
P.4 Key approaches of operation management
There are different approaches to be used by Amazon.com organisation. This is to be
focused on improving operational management. In the same way, it focused towards postulation
of diverse theoretical account in bidding to have continuous betterment in cognitive process and
lead business enterprise to impressive level of natural event. It has been informed that the
company is endlessly trying to better its functional values by having transmutation in application.
With an application of such facet, the issues are being resolved in a coveted manner so that day-
long term possibility can be attained (Ergun, 2017).Establishment is also an individual attempt in
terms of expenditure control. By having an efficacious consideration of expenditure control, the
fiscal opportunities can be beforehand. All such kind of activity is to be focused on online
system to be improved, for increase the number of customers in the market place.
On the other hand, invention, production and desegregation are key values which are
being advance by the social control in new years. With a mention of such belief, the geographic
point issues can be single-minded in desired mode. Excogitation at geographic point allows
accepting situation in more efficient style which supplies sustainable improvement. Integration in
work human action improves the skilfulness among go away. It assists in leading business
organisation towards amazing level of occurrence. Some different kinds of approach are as
follows:-
5

 Six Sigma:It is the abjuratory action that service to decide advanced outcomes at work
situation. This upgrades display of Amazon.com to make over benefits and outage at
work geographical area. Along these lines, fiduciary anticipate part to make inadequacy
and determine norms in precise way (Fuggetta, 2017). Next to this, pioneers assume
relation to convey duty and parts to carry out reference point. This approach is focused on
manufacturing to transactional or from product to service.
 TQM: Under this plan of attack social control of company mainly, focusing on long term
occurrence through consumer contentment. This is the attempt of all the workers who are
on the job into organisation and up process and merchandise of establishment. Total
Quality Management is focused on overall quality of the product as provided by
organisation (). This is assistance to alteration the number of customer and future
development will be maintained.
 Just in time: - This approach is applied for the company to increase the effectiveness and
decrease the level of wastage in organisation. However, this plan of attack was mainly
enforced into Amazon.com in their industry and that is the understanding as to why it is
called to as Amazon.com manufacture or Just in time plan of attack.
All such kind of approach is help to commercial activity administration is focal point on
inventory negotiate. To bring off the inventory is most essential part and gain the development
rate in securities industry. In operation direction is to be concentration on supply chain
management is assist to interior on the job state of affairs and maintain the level of economic
process in marketplace.
Operation direction role of individual: Operation direction is considered as one around-
the-clock most fault-finding aspect for every organisation. By having a ceaseless development in
terms of operations, the business can attain better possibility (Hallinger, 2017). In regard to have
effectual trading operations, the leaders have to guarantee that members are well aware about
key guidelines. If associate is not having subject matter about the line, then it will feel the
affectivity of overall activity. Along with this, it has been detected that indecent reference about
the purpose of human action also affects the outcome.
P.5 Importance and value of operation management
Operation administration is referred as indispensable section for every structure which
assists in leading business towards impressive unwavering of natural event. With an effective
6

consideration of business activity, administration the business concern firm can easily guarantee
that productiveness has been precocious in recent years (Hoever, 2018). It also assists in
complementary day to day act so that end and objectives can be skilled. Along with this, it has
been detected that business activity direction is significant to have grade-appropriate allocation
of beginning so that better possibility can be created. On their hand, business activity
administration will be strict the productions' modification in the structure.
With the help of implementing six sigma tool, supports employees to manage their time
effectively. It is one of effective process that results in terms to bring efficient business
productivity into the employees. It is one of effective tool that works as to measure the
performance success of the enterprise. By using Six sigma firm is able to develop a team and
experience of employees. It is tool that is effective in terms to frame strategic vision.
It assists in rising the industry which mightiness assist in addition competitor vantage
over challenger. With a request of key measures, the business activity direction procedure can be
early. It helps to make certain that assistance of manufacture is amazing so that improved result
can be earned. At the end, the result will be improved to increase the customer level and increase
overall factor, which is beneficial for superior commodity are being subject matter in market to
meet consumer requirement. It has been witnessed that business activity direction also allows
enterprise system to gain beef up in respect to diverse factors. Categorisation of component can
be as preparation, staffing, dominant, directing, motivative, etc. Thus, with the application of
Total quality management tool firm can able to reduce the cost of operational activities. It is kind
of approach that supports to bring improvement in internal process and enhance customer
satisfaction. The Firm as Toyota has implemented the Total quality management approach in
terms to effectively manage the level of quality. With help of it, improvement can be seen
rapidly and it also supports to aid customer satisfaction. By reduction in unnecessary cost quoted
firm is able to bring competitive advantage in market. It helps to enhance the stakeholder and
shareholder value.
Operation management works as to supplement the whole the activities in the enterprise.
Along with this, it can be said that if business activity social control standards are well
kept up, then it will lead to better workplace (Hoever, 2018). There is complete focus on internal
working environment. Like, if organisation is instrumentality this JIT plan of attack, then they
would be capable to powerfulness all kind of decrement on time, corking and monetary system
7

as well. All the property and activity would be in coalition and this would be achieving in ratio
into stock direction with the request of products and work of institution.
The relationship between the functions of management and the styles of leadership
influence the corporate social responsibility in the company. The managers adopt the policies
and prepare the strategies considering the factors that can affect the social responsibility of the
company towards the society. The policies related to the environment protection, satisfaction of
the customers, providing high quality of the products at affordable prices, etc. The role of the
managers is to communicate the policies to the organization as a whole and direct the working
accordingly.
P.6 Business environment that is give impact on operation management
Business environment consists of various factors that can affect operational management.
This can impact decision-making of managers and leaders. It is plan a most important part for
improve operation management in organisation. The companionship are concentration the need
of hold out the belief, ethics and property in the organisation to change the family relationship
with the made-to-order and to supply the atonement with the employment of the structure by
following the honourable modular in the trading operations of the institution (Fuggetta, 2017).
Amazon.com direct its business concern state of affairs full of business relation and in order to
gain the competitors' vantage in the marketplace, to set up a fantastic point of the institution from
the challenger, it adopts the conception of underdeveloped the property enterprise. This is to be
focused on proper relationship between function of management and leadership style. It helps to
improve the current market of organisation.
Political factors consist of government regulations and policies that have to be abided by
an organisation. These can cause delays in supply chain, leading to inefficiencies and this factor
can affect the process of operations. Amazon.com has to ensure that they abide to these rules so
that they are able to effectively perform functions of operational management. Trade polices too,
can impact the company and certain measures have to be taken in order to maintain smooth
operations (Fuggetta, 2017). Economic factors include interest rates, inflation and overall GDP
growth. Amazon.com must monitor these rates, so that they can plan operations and manage it
accordingly as it can directly impact the organisation. The leadership of Amazon.com brand
makes sure that the arrangement and the policies have been communicated to the worker clearly
and then inspire and determiner them to re-create in accordance of rights to the plan of action.
8

Social factors include change in buying habits of customers. There are rapid changes in
trends and individuals can change their preferences regularly. Amazon.com has to keep up to
date with these changes, so that they are able to provide the right products and services to
customers, while attracting and retaining them. Technological factors include introduction of
new innovations and machinery in organisations (Hoever, 2018). Amazon.com needs to
implement these changes so that they can increase efficiency in operational management. This
will significantly help them in making correct decisions for their company. Legal factors include
the laws that have been created in order to maintain policies in an organisation as well as ensure
legal pratice of business operations. Amazon.com will have to abide to these regulations so that
there are no problems or issues that they may have to face in the future. Finally, environmental
factors include safeguarding of the environment in which organisation operates in. They have to
make sure that there is no harm caused to their surroundings or they might face legal actions
against them.
CONCLUSION
Form the above report is engrossment on lead and command the group, organisation. In
addition, vision, missionary station and neutral in structure. It is a focal point on creating an
ennobling vision of approaching of the disposal. As per the above report, administration as well
as various traits and kind of leadership which assistance in the proper operative of the utility of
bring off. All such kind of functions and roles help to improve the current market structure. As
the report is focused on abjuratory action that service to decide advanced outcomes at work
situation, it upgrades display of Amazon.com to make over benefits and outgo at work
geographical area. Moreover, it elucidated that decision making process is dependent on manager
and leader’s functions used in organisation. Overall, the report is focused on internal working
environment. Like, if organisation is instrumentality this JIT plan of attack then they would be
capable to powerfulness all kind of decrement on time, corking and monetary system as well. As
per the above report Managers execute the responsibility of a formal and symbolical in nature
such as hospitable official visitant, signing court-ordered written document etc. as head of the
organisation or plan of action business concern unit or administrative district.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Antonakis, J., 2017 e full-range leadership theory: The way forward. In Transformational and
Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (pp. 3-33). Emerald
Group Publishing Limited.
10

Arnason, R., 2017. Fisheries management and operations research. European Journal of
Operational Research, 193(3), pp.741-751.
Ba, S., 2016. Emergent Themes in the Interface Between Economics of Information Systems and
Management of Technology. Production and Operations Management.
Baboli, P.T 2017. Energy management and operation modelling of hybrid AC–DC
microgrid. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 8(10). pp.1700-1711.
Bryson, J 2017. Service worlds: People, organisations, technologies. Routledge.
Cachon, G 2018. Matching supply with demand: An introduction to operations management.
Irwin Professional Pub.
Casolino, G.M 2018, September. Smart modeling and tools for distribution system management
and operation. In Energy Conference and Exhibition (ENERGYCON), 2012 IEEE
International (pp. 635-640). IEEE.
Cronk, R.N 2017. Rule-based expert systems for network management and operations: an
introduction. IEEE Network, 2(5), pp.7-21.
DeAnna, R 2017. System for development, management and operation of distributed clients and
servers. U.S. Patent 7,730,111..
Drury, M 2017. Obstacles to decision making in Agile software development teams. Journal of
Systems and Software.85(6). pp.1239-1254.
Ergun, O 2017. Operations research to improve disaster supply chain management. Wiley
encyclopedia of operations research and management science.
Fuggetta, A, 2017, May. Software process. In Proceedings of the on Future of Software
Engineering (pp. 1-12). ACM.
Hallinger, P 2017. Leadership for learning: Does collaborative leadership make a difference in
school improvement?. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 38(6).
pp.654-678.
Hoever, I.J 2018. Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's
potential. Journal of Applied Psychology.97(5). p.982.
11