The Role of Leadership and Management in Business Operations: A Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management, focusing on the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within an organizational context. The report begins by comparing the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their responsibilities and contributions to business operations, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It then explores how leadership and management functions are applied in various situational contexts, such as workforce management, training, and development. The report further delves into different leadership theories and models, including situational, contingency, and systematic leadership, and how these are implemented to improve organizational performance. Finally, it examines key approaches to operations management, emphasizing the roles that leaders and managers play in achieving business objectives, with specific examples drawn from Marks and Spencer's practices. The report underscores the importance of effective leadership and management in driving business success.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

INTRODUCTION
Operation and management considered as an appropriate alignment of task and projects
in organisational context. It helps to attain desired aim and objectives of business. Leadership
and management is considered as a skills to operate and tackle the operation and functions of an
organisation in the direction of better development and management. Role and responsibilities
assigned to leaders and managers in organisation. to assist and execute the goal and objectives of
organisation (Closs, Speier and Meacham, 2011). leadership roles and manager's function in
various situations and scenarios are defined in this report.
The role of type of management theories and models containing situational leadership
system and contingency will be illustrated in organisational context. Key approaches to
operations management in attaining the business objectives are defined in business context.
Relationship between leadership and management in a contemporary business environment
executed in this report. Marks and Spencer, a international retail sector company is chosen
association to elaborate the concept of management and operation.
TASK 1
P1 Meaning and comparison of different roles and characteristic of a leader and a manager
Marks and Spencer is one of the internation retail organisation which deals in complete
range of clothing products, home appliances, flowers, hampers and gifts, offers, Marks and
Spenser bank. Organisational structure of Marks and Spencer is flat which contains small
divisions and limited levels of management between administration level and front line
employee. Concept of manager and leadership are the main base of organisational structure. It is
important to manage and organise the departments and sections of organisation parallel to
organisational goal and objectives (Chowdary and George, 2011). It is important for both
management and operations of business. Mangers are the responsible person in the organisation
which monitor overall progress of task and projects. Range of skills and abilities of managers
and leaders are required for assist the operations and management of business.
Marks and Spencer is one of the largest retailer deals in clothing, home appliances, foods
and interior designer products. To operate a multinational business, high quality managerial and
leadership skills are required. Business effectiveness, management and control are only be
achieved by effective evaluation of task and project performed by managers and leaders with in
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the organisation. With the assistance of leader, representatives contributes more efforts in
enhancing execution of task and projects.
Leader: Leader is the individual who recognizes the individual needs and yearnings of
its individuals and inspires them to work with energy and with best of their capacities by
adjusting organization's goal to their own objectives so objectives of firms could be
accomplished with higher work effectiveness and friends well as its representatives develop and
grow. These are the people which remain associated with keep align towards attaining the target
of business with effective team management. It is required to track the performance of managers
and work done by the employees. This is also one of the crucial work executed by leaders.
Roles of leader Motivator: A leader always motivates its staff members to gain the desired objective and
aim of organisation. There are type of roles defined below which are used to execute the
business and operations of business. Team building: Team bonding and team bonding is one of the essential role played by
leader. A leader contains virtues and skills to bind team member in one chain. A Leader
additionally influence on the execution of representatives through giving instructional
meetings and advancement projects to their colleagues in order to accomplish wanted
outcome in viable and effective way (Carter and Liane Easton, 2011).
 Communication: this is one of the essential role which is played by leaders subject to
execute the important information and details to employees and staff members.
Managers: A manager is a man who controls and arranges the exercises of different
divisions inside an association. Manager defines different plans and systems and drives designed
by workers towards one bearing to complete business and accomplish its goals with effective
execution of particular task and projects. In every organisation, there is a management committee
found for preparing management plans and strategies. Mangers keeps analysing the performance
of leaders and staff members whether the tasks and projects are completed in given deadline.
Marks and Spencer is one of the reputed and famous organisation in terms of determining the
strategies and plans for better execution of task and projects.
Role of Managers
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 Implying plans and polices: Organisation's management committee keep aligned with
making growth policies and plans for effective working and management. Managers of
organisation are the part of management committee.
 Assisting role: there are type of roles played by managers and assisting role is one of
them. Managers assist leaders when they are stuck in complex and critical situations
while performing task and projects.
 As a monitor: Tracking the performance of leaders and functional departments is one of
the main liability and role of mangers. They analyse and evaluate the efforts putted by
employees in a team. In Marks and Spencer managers use statistical record approach to
monitor the performace of each division.
Characteristics of Manager and leader of Marks and Spencer:
Creative: Both the managers and leader ought to be inventive; keeping in mind the end
goal to produce new thoughts and polices which helps Marks and Spencer to make progress in
future (Bozarth and Handfield, 2016). It is required to make task and projects more creative and
effective to maintain the team member's interest with in the organisation. They ought to
contribute their inventive endeavours in drawing in focused clients to buy their products and
stuffs.
Confident: It is essential for administrator and Leader to have certainty while executing
pre-decided approaches with the goal that it will come about better in future. Most of the time,
leaders and managers go through the contingent situation where they have to prove their
confidence.
Positive attitude: Both and managers of organization assumes an essential part in
accomplishing wanted objectives and destinations through giving guidance and direction to
workers. They are mindful to manage business customers in viable way with the goal that it will
help business in accomplishing future development.
Motivator: They both need to convey the individuals from organization and gather any
recommendations and assessments from them which help them in figuring new plans and
polices. Offering significance to workers boosts the inspiration level of representatives which
straightforwardly helps in enhancing their execution.
Roles and characteristic of manages and leaders are compared as follows:
Managers Leaders
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 These are the part of management
authority. Managers remain associated
with creating plans and decision
making process.
 A Leader additionally influence on the
execution of representatives through
giving instructional meetings and
advancement projects to their
colleagues in order to accomplish
wanted outcome in viable and effective
way.
 The managers are subject to give solid
and secure condition to their
representatives at workplace.
 Leaders are the person which mainly
remain associated with task members
and participants.
 Managers provides suggestions and
solutions regarding the problems and
utilise their experience in terms of
management
 leader are considered dependable to
give inspiration and course to their
representatives keeping in mind the end
goal to show signs of improvement
result.
TASK 2
P2 Role of a leader and the functions of a manager apply in various situational context
Managers and Leaders both cooperate to make a solid brand arrangement of a firm in
order to remain aggressive in advertise flow (Matta and et. al., 2014. ). Together they detail and
actualizes different techniques and strategies which assist M&S with accomplishing its set
targets and achieve clients fulfilment coming about it ideal deals and benefit levels. managers in
M&S are in charge of setting long and here and now objectives though Leaders bear on that ask
of setting exceptional vision proclamations and affecting its workforce to contribute and arrange
their undertakes together to accomplish it. Below are different parts attempted by administrator
and leader of M&S in various circumstances:
Situation
M&S amid its business need to handle different circumstances, for example, lack of
workforce, wasteful or incompetent representatives, obsolete or improper advancements and so
forth. To mange these circumstances troughs and Leaders cooperate by applying diverse
arrangements having same destinations:
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 Training and development: Keeping in mind the end goal to enhance, keep up and
upgrade the abilities and information of its representatives troughs with the assistance of
leader discover regions of lacking of every worker and after that figure appropriate
preparing and improvement program for new joiners and also existing representative to
make them capable and certain to take higher employment duties and complete their
work with proficiency.
 Hiring of candidates: In above circumstance, supervisors attempt the capacity of
enrollment and choice for procuring appropriate applicants empty employment position.
For this, directors recognize work necessities and determinations and after that select the
most qualified individual in terns of capacities and capabilities for the activity post.
P3 Different theories and models of approach containing situational, system and contingency
leadership
Leadership theories and methods are made in terms of making the growth and plans for
assisting the organisational structure. It is a concept which intends to lead and direct the the
people for getting the desired aim and objective of organisation. This explanation derived form
root word gives insight in to what is the real meaing of leadership. There are different initiative
hypotheses and methodologies that are received and connected by leaders of firm in order to
improve the profitability (Hamilton and et. al., 2011). Execution of appropriate hypothesis helps
business association in moulding its functions. In Marks and Spencer, a few methodologies of
initiative are connected by director and Leaders which causes them in rousing representatives
and upgrading benefits and effectiveness of association.
Situational leadership: this mainly remain associated with analysing the strength of
leadership in various objective The second measurement is related with giving opening for work
to people as per their skill specifically field. Third segment is connected with working society
inside firm and the last one is pivotal component in which colleagues adjust with outside
condition and keeping in mind the end goal to end up adaptable, Leaders are impact them or
guarantee full control over supporters. For Example: Culture inside firm and group working are
the two components for which Marks and Spencer is known as it underpins them in effectively
achieving their objectives and targets on indicated time. But it creates various issues at
workplace on regular manner like employee resistivity to work within a group or adopt new
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technology. Under this situation, situational theory allow leaders to imply effective leadership
style like Laissez Faire, democratic or more to resolve such issues.
Contingency leadership: this leadership approch was introduced by Firlder. this is one of
the essential leadership approach which undertakes leader's behavior. Known LPC (Least
Preferred Co-worker) is used to evaluate leadership form. There are number of benefits defined
subject to provide effective work environment. For example: Upper level of management of
M&S use contingency leadership theory to develop healthy environment at workplace. It helps in
reducing conflicts among workers and bringing collaboration in them.
Systematic leadership: this leadership considered as navigating tool to get new ideas and
creative thinkings to enhance team performance. There are only major symtoms related to
management issues are considered in this leadership style. For example: Managers of M&S
mostly apply this leadership theory to restructure organisational structure. For this process, they
adopt effective leadership style in order to influence workers to give support in restructuring or
modifying system for improving performance of business.
TASK 3
P4 The key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
There are some key approaches defined below which are used by leaders and managers in
organisational context.
Total Quality Management: this management approach mainly centralised towards
attaining long terms goals of organisation. Marks and Spencer is concerned with its quality and
management regarding products and services. More over this approach helps to focus around
effective and use of resources and managing the man power in aligned manner. Enhancing the
productivity and quality of products are the main objective of this management approach.
Continuous Improvement Process: this is the approach which is centralised towards
improving the production and manufacturing process. Managers and leaders put their valuable
efforts in terms of improving the standing operating procedure. This approach is also known as a
KAIZEN method (Galindo and Batta, 2013). Importance of leaders remain high in this model
subject to attain behaviour of organisation. This method also helps to keep align the employee
towards the process of producing goods and products.
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Six Sigma: this is one of the technical tool used to improve the structure of business by
effective utilisation of skills. This technique is a set of quality management, statistical methods,
infrastructure and organisational structure for effective used and analytical approach. This
approach was given by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986. this mainly focused around getting final
output from the process by implementing skills and knowledge. This strategy mainly used by
manufacturing and production companies.
Lean Manufacturing: A process of managing the operations and managing the business
functions in more effective and efficient manner. How effective management and operations are
mainly associated with analysing the manufacturing and production plans. For better evaluation
and effective management mainly associated with compromising with productivity. Moreover,
this process mainly helps to direct the process and managing the process with effective use and
management of services. Marks and Spencer mainly used this approach to minimise the wastage
of raw material and improving and enhancing the volume of production units. Directors of M&S
needs to guarantee that their business procedure must create under 3.4 million deformity for each
1 million possibility to be alluded as compelling and proficient as far as conveying products and
ventures and fulfilling client prerequisite.
P5 The importance of operations management in attaining business objectives
Idea of operational management assumes fundamental part in long term achievement and
development of organization. The capacity is related with effective control and improving
proficiency of creation process. It is the zone which exceptionally contributes in progress and
development of organization (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2013). Use of tasks administration
in exercises of organization helps in decreasing expense of assembling and in addition
guarantees ideal usage of accessible assets. In Marks and Spencer, it helps in creating amazing
items which gives some an incentive to clients. Some significance and estimation of this capacity
are characterized as follows:
Provide long term success: As idea of activities administration is interlinked with
generation process, it underpins organization in enhancing nature of its products. It gives upper
hand to firm in commercial center over its adversaries. It additionally helps with picking up
consideration of extensive number of clients and guarantees development and accomplishment of
organization for long Term.
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Profit Maximization: Increasing sales and acquiring high benefits is the fundamental
goal of every association. It is assured by Manager and leaders of Marks and Spencer to offer
quality products to clients. perfect utilization of assets and execution of exercises helps with
enhancing organization's execution. It brings about expanding benefits of firm in successful way.
Customer satisfaction: Application of activities administration idea permits firm create
products of high calibre. It helps with fulfilling clients all the more viably by giving them quality
items. Expanded fulfilment of customers encourages Marks and Spencer in keeping up extensive
buyer base
TASK 4
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision
Business exercises and tasks gets influenced by either inside or outer powers that present
in the earth. Anyway the effect of such powers can be sure or negative contingent on the idea of
the business (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith, 2012). Inner variables found inside the association
just though outsiders are accessible outside the organization. Talked about underneath are the
effect of these variables on general task of Marks and Spencer which are as per the following:-
Internal: It incorporate factors, for example, representatives, organization's way of life,
purchaser, providers and so on. Employees: Human asset considers as a fundamental resource of the organization.
Smooth running of business exercises and task rely on how adequately and effectively
workers contributes towards accomplishing business objectives and goals. M&S has faith
in contracting talented and able work force who with their satisfactory learning, capacity
and aptitudes help in accomplishing high focused edge in the market. Employees are
considered as main key assets for M&S whose support help in getting high competitive
advantage at marketplace. Therefore, they play an important role in making policies and
strategies of business. As any type of employee resistance for adopting a strategy will
direct affect performance of business in negative manner.
 Company's Culture: Internal culture of any firm bargain of states of mind, qualities,
conducts and needs of its representatives. For example: If there is a culture of relentless
rivalry winning in the business, at that point each worker attempts to rival each other and
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this advance diverse condition from the one where all faculty like to work in a group or
gathering. Culture groups a colossal effect on the execution and profitability of a person.
The way of life of M&S is sound and positive that assume enter part in spurring and
rousing their representatives to work unimaginably hard. Notwithstanding that, M&S
mastermind satisfactory instructional course that assistance in development and
improvement of their labourers both by and by and professionally. Managers of this
company concern more on developing effective organisation culture, because it affects
directly on behaviour of workers. If workplace culture is positive in nature then under
such environment, employees feel happy and give best performance of them.
External:
 Political: It incorporates all standards and direction figured by Government that each
business needs to comply in general organisational context (AbouRizk, 2010). As of late,
UK government has figure benchmarks related with Well-being and Security English
Models that all UK-based firms are obliged to considered. Be that as it may, M&S did not
tolerate on the standards and control conceded by government body. Therefore, it needs
to manage negative outcome for a similar which discolour their image picture. Instability
in politics like wars, terrorist attack and more, affect relationship between two countries.
Therefore, under such conditions it becomes difficult for organisations to sell its products
at foreign marketplace in effective manner.
 Technological: Taking the benefit of most recent and propel innovation, M&S is
increasing high focused edge over its opponents by presenting its own particular versatile
application and site. Accordingly, its market and client base increments (Ageron,
Gunasekaran and Spalanzani, 2012). If M&S doesn’t corporate its business with latest
technologies then it give advantage to other competitors to take over their business.
CONCLUSION
Concept of management and operations in defined as per above report in organisational
context. As per above defined report it is estimated that how roles of leaders and managers in
term of achieving the goals and objectives of organisation. How complex situations and
challenging situations handled with the help of applying roles of managers and leaders. Marks
and Spencer have confident managers and leaders who continue refreshing its staff by giving
them valuable data identified with changing business sector. Additionally leader executes
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distinctive administration styles in understanding to necessities and kinds of its workforce to
persuade its group and keep up teach and smooth work stream inside firm.
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