Report: Leadership, Management, and Operations in the M&S Context

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management practices within the M&S company, exploring the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, and comparing their functions in various situational contexts. The report delves into the application of different leadership theories, including systems leadership, situational leadership, and contingency leadership, to the M&S business model. Furthermore, it discusses key approaches to operations management, such as Total Quality Management and Six Sigma, and examines the roles of leaders and managers in achieving business objectives. The report also assesses the impact of the business environment on operational management and decision-making processes, offering a comprehensive overview of leadership and operational strategies within M&S. The report concludes with a discussion on the importance of effective leadership and management in driving business success.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
Management and Operations...........................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparing the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager with special
reference to M& S ......................................................................................................................1
P2. The way functions of a manager and role of a leader are applied in different situational
contexts with special reference to M&S.....................................................................................2
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including systems leadership, situational
leadership and contingency with the M & S...............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P4 Discussion about the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders
and managers play with special reference to the M & S.............................................................4
P5 the importance and value of operations management in achieving Business objectives of M
& S..............................................................................................................................................6
P6 Assessment of the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by Leaders and managers with reference to the M & S......7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
BOOKS and JOURNALS...........................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
For any business management and operation is an important part for operate business
activity properly. This report has been prepared for discussion about the role of leaders and
managers in the M & s company (Jacobs, Chase, and Lummus, 2014). In this report firstly
covered functions of a manager and role of a leader are applied in different situational contexts
with special reference to M&S and describes in detail. Further, it covers Discussion about the
key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play with
special reference to the M & S and reach at a stage where the business fine the right way for
achieving success. Lastly, it analysis the factors within the business environment that impact
upon operational management and decision-making by Leaders and managers with reference to
the company.
TASK 1
P1 Comparing the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager with special
reference to M& S
In an organization, there are many managers for various departments and they do their
work with better efficiency. Leaders are different from managers and they lead persons who
work under them. In this given scenario, there are talk about different roles and characteristics of
managers and leaders and thereafter that is a comparison between their function in M & S
company. For this purpose, there are a discussion about managers and leaders.
Managers – These are the persons in an organization or a company who manage and
design work of whole organisation and give direction for pre-determined objectives and targets
of that firm (Heizer, 2016). Managers are distributed at each level in M & S in order to manage
the whole work and accomplishment of objectives. Manager’s team are also work with the
improvement of the performances of the staff member and they perform this activity regular
basis. In the M & S there are different managers for various departments and their role and
characteristics are as follows:
1. Direction – Managers are responsible to give perfect direction to its employees and they
should do this work with their abilities and skills.
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2. Execute a Vision – It is also an essential task for managers that they should make a
proper vision so that company will work according to the vision.
3. Focused People – Managers are the focused people and they are focuses about their
future task and objectives (Krajewski, Ritzman, and Malhotra 2015).
4. Process Management – They also have a right to establish the work rules, standards,
processes and operational procedures as well as implement them according to their
requirements.
5. Planning – It is the primary and critical task for every manager. It is compulsory for
every manager that they should plan their work in order to achieve desired success.
Leaders – Leaders are the persons who lead to employees or people and get the task done
from them in order to achieve company's targets and objectives. In M & S company, the leaders
are play an essential role in motivating the employees with the use of their communication and
leadership skills (McGuckin, and et.al 2017). The main target of them is to inspire and influence
those persons to increase their performance. Main roles and characteristics of leaders in this
company are as follows:
1. Develop Communication Skills – Leaders should always improve their communication
skills and also those persons who work under them.
2. Make Vision – the best leader always make the best vision towards getting the
company's targets properly.
3. Give Inspiration – A perfect leader gives inspiration to their employees and motivate
them. They lead their team members for the best future.
4. Accept the Challenge – Leaders are those persons who accept the challenge and they
work hard according to them.
5. Guider and Helper – The main role of the leadership is state in each and every sector
where organization operate its business (Song, and Parola, 2015). A leader should be a
perfect guider and helper according to his/her behaviour and attitude.
Comparison between managers and leaders:
Managers Leaders
The managers are precise administration. The leaders are envisions.
They focus on plan and procedure as well as They focus on the people.
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work according to them.
Every manager should ensure about the rules
which must be followed.
Leaders ensure that the right things are being
done in the proper way.
In the manager's work, main thing is project
completion.
They follow plan and lead people according to
it.
P2. The way functions of a manager and role of a leader are applied in different situational
contexts with special reference to M&S
In an organization in order to achieving the goals and targets and fulfilment of desired
success, function of managers and role of leaders are helpful and too much useful. In functions of
a manager of M & S there are various criteria and it will describe as the importance of the
manager (Clark, and et.al 2017). This company faces many conflicts and problems in their
business activities so for this purpose the effective implementation of skills of leader and
functions of management team should be required to solve these problems. These skills and
functions applies as new strategies which could solve the issues and handle that in the right way.
There are using some theories, presenting the differentiation between function of a manager and
role of a leader in various situations in M & S.
 Managerial Function – In this organization, there are many functions for managers of
different departments. There are so many researchers and philosophers, they analyse the
functions of the managers in various critical situations. They proposed some theories
useful to define the functions. There is another philosopher i.e. F.W. Taylor who
proposed the scientific management theory that is the most precise in present
organizations. In this context, all managers of M & S need to follow this scientific
approach and achieve desired targets in that company.
 Leadership Theories – This theory can be seen as the direction of a leader to that
organization in which they work. A leader has many similarities in accomplishment of
the work. They lead whole team and order them according to his/her perception (Chen,
2017). In accordance with the leadership, there are many researchers who give their
theories. One of the most important theories is Trait theory. This approach was proposed
in mid-20th century. In this approach, it says about a leader that he is either born or made
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by certain situations arising in company and they will work with their abilities and skills.
In this company leaders are work as management team and identifies the conflicts which
can be arise within the organization.
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including systems leadership, situational
leadership and contingency with the M & S.
Leadership is a post of leading a team of person or a group of people in an organization.
It leads those people in the right way (Chevalier, and et.al 2015). In leadership, there are many
philosophers and researchers who proposed many theories which help in now day's scenario in
the business activities and by using these theories the management of M & S get improvement in
their leaders and their style and work attitude. For this purpose there are some leadership theories
which are as follows :
 System Leadership Theory – as applying this theory in M & S, the leaders of this
company can control the workings of the person which are work under that leader. The
leaders can communicate the various situations of this organization and make the
employees to complete their work accordingly the needs of such company. This company
need to make several changes in their business activities and operations of the company
so that the leader should implement those techniques for requirements. The staff
members of this company will improve their abilities and activities which are related to
the manufacturing and production business (Akalin, Huang, and Willems, 2016). All
leaders must focus on the performance of employees and give motivation as required. In
order to get desired objectives the leaders should follow this theory effectively.
 Situational Leadership Theory – this theory is produced by Ken Blanchard and Paul
Hershey in 1969. It is refers as the type of different leadership style. This is depends on
the capabilities and skills of the employees. The leaders are necessary required to
influence for the accomplishment of the given work. The management team of this
company can be affected with this type of theory. Leaders can use this approach in
various styles in various situations. The current situation of this company where it faces
many conflicts like increasing cost (Fisichelli, and et.al 2016). In this problem the
situational leadership theory is performs a major role.
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 Contingency Leadership Theory – the management of this company also use
contingency leadership theory. In this context, the management by object can apply
motivation among the staff members with a special feeling so that they are being
evaluated in that company and by this they improve their efficiency in their working
environment (Jacobs, Chase, and Lummus, 2014). This theory implies that in order to
manage and lead people in the firm, there is no suitable way to lead the staff members in
that firm.
TASK 2
P4 Discussion about the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play with special reference to the M & S.
Operations management is describes as the systematic administration of the business
practices. It creates the maximum level of efficiency which is possible within any company. In
addition to this context, the main techniques to the operation management which is applied at M
& S with role and responsibility of managers and leaders is described below :
 Total Quality management – it is the process of increasing production capacity by bring
efficiency in the production of the company. This approach also known as TQM which
focuses on the regular improvement in the quality of all services and products (Heizer,
2016). These are offered by the production department of company with considering the
demands and needs of their customers. In this approach, the manager of operation
department is being focused on overall quality of products and services provided. These
process are useful in order to improve the customer relationship better.
 Six Sigma – six sigma is a kind of techniques which is used in the business. It is focuses
on the team efforts in the accomplishment of given work. This process is important in
improvement the performance. The main role of the managers in the expansion of the
business at global level. The operational manager can do this by follow such type of
strategy. This company apply sis sigma and eliminate the problems. It will help is
decreasing the cost and reduce the time in production (Krajewski, Ritzman, and
Malhotra, 2015). This approach is very efficient and effective tool. The sis sigma has five
steps of methodology that are Defining, Measure, Analyse Improve, and control which
also known as DMAIC.
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The major roles of managers and leaders played specifically in M & S :
1. In the role of manager the important thing is to hire skilled employees in staff and
provide proper training and development program to them.
2. They should also give complete knowledge and enhanced competencies.
3. The role of managers and leaders is to guide and help the employees and their team so
that they all work in right way and perfect manner.
4. Team leader role is representing the company at national as well as international level. It
is beneficial to build goodwill and brand reputation (McGuckin, and et.al 2017).
5. There are also an important role for team leader that is to motivate and give right
direction about their work. This will increase their morale and make them committed in
order to achieve the organizational goal.
6. The manager of this company has been assigned their duties to organise each and every
function in the prescribed manner so that the company will able to reduce the disputes
and conflicts among the team members.
7. They also make plan for critical situations and to achieve competitive advantages within
this sector.
P5 the importance and value of operations management in achieving Business objectives of M &
S.
The operational management is the important part of the organization. It is the group of
activities of management team and in this part these things are involved planning, organising,
controlling and directing. In other words, the operation management states as a management
which run with effective and efficient manner of day to day business operations. In addition to
this, there are many types of businesses that are increasing day to day (Song, and Parola, 2015).
The all businesses are a range of small scale to large scale. They all have different types of
operations and for this purpose they use various types of approaches in order to manage them
effectively. In extent to this context, the major importance of operation management of M & S is
refereed below :
 Help in Increasing Revenue – the operational management is helpful in increasing the
revenue. It enhancing the customer's satisfaction and it will increase the organization's
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revenue. By using this it can promulgate its reputation and goodwill effectively and
efficiently.
 Help in Optimization of Cost – in reducing the overall cost the organisational
management will help for this purpose. It makes the organization utilize the resources
efficiently and effectively. By using this a company can increase its products and service
quality on regular basis.
 Basis for Innovation – it provides the basis for innovation with the use of solid base of
knowledge and operation. In order to maintain the sustainability in the excess competitive
environment, it is very essential critical for the business environment to innovate new
services and products (Clark, and et.al 2017). The operational strategy will aid in
increasing the business productivity, customer satisfaction and profitability at increasing
rate.
 Minimize the Amount of Investment – an organization use proper allocation and use of
the best resources, the operational management can reduce the amount of capital
employed and investment. For example at this company M & S its management team
plan effectively and allocate better resources and use them in optimum way, so that the
desired target and objectives can be achieved easily.
 Quality manage – operational management helps in the company by reducing the waste
and raw material is converted to the finished products at low cost.
P6 Assessment of the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by Leaders and managers with reference to the M & S.
In every company there are a need of maintaining the ethics, values and sustainability in
the organization that is to increase the customer relationship and it is provided the satisfaction of
their services. M & S company operates its organizational environment in the time of
competition. It is establishes a superior position of the organization for achieving desired goals
and targets. It adopts the main concept of developing the sustainable business environment. The
management team and leaders of this company play an essential role in the corporate social
responsibility (Chen, 2017). The strategies related to the customer satisfaction and environment
protection it provides high quality products at reasonable price. In the role of managers it is
includes the communication of policies to the employees and staff members. So for this purpose
the leaders and managers of M & S company ensure about the plan and strategy have been
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communicated to the company's end development program to reach at certain hight of success.
There are many factors in the business environment of M & S company that can affect to the
decision making and operational management of leaders and managers. The major factor is
comes in the success of the operational management that consist of the total quality management
and six sigma approach (Chevalier, and et.al 2015). In other factors it includes the availability of
resources in the organization. An organizational environment broadly affected by these two type
of factors which are as under :
 Internal Environment Factors – in internal environment there are factors comes from
internally that are like human resource, financial factors etc. These factors affect that
business internally and also an impact on the business activities. There are some
additional factors such as corporate culture and customer satisfaction level. These are
controllable things and managers should need to focus on it.
 External Environment Factors – in external factors it includes mainly six type of
factors that are as follows political, economical, social, technological, environmental, and
legal. These factors can affect the organization at great level. There are any changes in
these factors can also give their impact on business activities and managers and leaders
should awareness and focus on it. employees clearly and then influence and inspire them
to perform in accordance to that plan.
CONCLUSION
In this report it can be understood that the operation management is an important task and
this process is managing day to day properly. In addition to this context, the above assignment
shows the management and operation of M & S company. The leaders and managers both
perform important role and help to the organization to accomplishment to their targets and
objectives properly.
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REFERENCES
BOOKS and JOURNALS
Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014. Operations and supply chain
management (pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2015. Operations management: processes
and supply chains. New York, EEUU: Prentice hall.
McGuckin, and et.al2017. Leveraging the Promise of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles to
Improve Integrated Corridor Management and Operations: A Primer (No. FHWA-HOP-17-001).
Song, D.W. and Parola, F., 2015. Strategising port logistics management and operations for
value creation in global supply chains.
Clark, and et.al 2017. Transportation Systems Management and Operations in Action (No.
FHWA-HOP-17-025).
Chen, L., 2017. White Privilege in Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Hazardous Waste
Management and Operations in Southeast Los Angeles.
Chevalier, and et.al 2015. Revenue management for operations with urgent orders. European
Journal of Operational Research, 240(2), pp.476-487.
Akalin, G.I., Huang, Z. and Willems, J.R., 2016. Is Supply Chain Management Replacing
Operations Management in the Business Core Curriculum. Operations and Supply Chain
Management: An International Journal, 9(2), pp.119-130.
Fisichelli, and et.al 2016. Resource management and operations in southwest South Dakota:
Climate change scenario planning workshop summary January 20-21, 2016, Rapid City, SD (No.
NPS/NRSS/NRR—2016/1289). National Park Service.
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