Higher National Diploma: Unit 4 Management and Operations Report

This report analyzes leadership and operations management within the context of Morrison's, a major UK supermarket chain. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, exploring their roles and responsibilities, and examining various leadership theories. The report then delves into how leaders and managers function in different situations, such as stable, slow-changing, and fast-changing environments. It also covers the key functions of management, including planning, leading, controlling, and organizing. Furthermore, the report identifies and analyzes various approaches to operations management, such as Total Quality Management. It also explores the factors that influence decision-making in an organization, providing a comprehensive overview of leadership and management principles in a real-world business setting. Finally, it examines key approaches to operations management and their importance, concluding with an overview of factors affecting decision-making.

Unit 4- Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Difference Between Leaders and Managers:...............................................................................3
Leader and Manager Roles in Different situation and Functions of management .....................5
Different theories and models and approach of Morrison...........................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Key approaches to operation management..................................................................................8
Importance of operations management-.....................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
Factors which make impact on decision-making-.....................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is administration of all business practices that helps in creating the
highest level of efficiency within company. It plays vital role in improving overall quality of
products and reducing errors. Organizational leadership is responsible for leading employees in
such a way that employees are motivated to concentrate their efforts towards achieving a
common target such that chances of goal achievement can be increased. Whereas managers are
responsible for managing employees and allotted them organizational targets which they have to
achieve within a provided span of time. Morrisons is the chosen organization for the evaluation
in this report, Morrison's is one of the largest super market chain of UK which is having its
presence in all across the globe and due to which it has managed to achieve a high economic
background. Evaluation of different roles and characteristic of organizational leadership and
management in terms of increasing work productivity of the organization is done in this report.
With that evaluation of various roles of organizational management and leadership played within
the organization in context with different changing organizational situations. Identification of
different key approaches of management as well as of leadership for the operation's management
is also analysed. Also, analysis of values of operational management for organization operations
in context with achieving business objectives is done in report. Evaluation of various factors is
also being analysed in the report which affect the decision-making process of organizational
leadership and organizational management.
TASK 1
Difference Between Leaders and Managers:
Definition of Leaders: Leader is person who motivate and inspire its followers and
employees to do efficiently and effectively work. They lead their teams and inspires their
employees to complete their mission or vision. It also helps employees and workers to create
effective strategy to fulfil their objectives (Oc, 2018). They also create teams, innovative ideas
and develop positive environment in organization which help company to produce higher
performance. They also represent their organization in industry as representative. Leader
encourage and motivate their employees and team members to work together and support each
other.

Definition of Manager: Manager is responsible for planning, direction, management of
the organization, control and for coordination. They assign task to the employees and give them
deadlines and get their work done. In organization different types of mangers present and on
different levels such as function manager, project manager, general manager, Human resource
manager etc. These all mangers help to manage different department of the organization. Manger
roles is depending on their skills and knowledge and also on education. Manger handle various
activities done by organization. They also manage different business activities which help
company to rise profitability.
Different Roles & Responsibilities of Leader and Manager:
Leader Manager
They help their team members and employees
by providing a clear vision. For this they
communicate with their team members. They
also use different action for employees which
include continuity, be bold, be optimistic and
be rational.
Their primary role is check daily operation in
organization. Different department manager
check daily their employees work and
operations.
Leader also Encourage creativity and
consistent improvement. They also try to train
their employees so that they think creatively.
They also use different method to increase
creativity such as generate impossible tasks,
Never say No to a bad idea, team
diversification etc.
Manager help employees to set goal and also
help them to achieve on time. They also ensure
both short term and long term goals
(Schermerhorn Jr, Bachrach, and Wright,
2020). They also help organization in hiring
new employees and to set new objectives for
business or company.
They set examples to inspire their employees.
They set various examples such as Do the
work, take responsibility, watch what you say,
take care of yourself etc.
It also helps organization in Negotiate &
Administration Manager help company to
communicate with different clients.
They also use supervise team reporting and
key performance indicator. To analysis team
Manager also provide Trainings and
Evaluation to the employees to motivate them

work. for higher performance or to improve their
skills.
Different leadership theories such as
situational, transformational etc. are used by
leaders to manage effective leadership in the
company
Bureaucratic management, Scientific
management, Theories X And Y management
theories are used by manager to manage the
work culture in the company.
Different Characteristics Leader and Manager:
Leader Manager
They are trustworthy. Good leaders always
able to build trust among their employees and
team.
They understand the value of employees. By
this understanding they can easily manage their
employees.
Leader has fluent purpose and goals. It helps
them to set objectives and goals for employees.
Manager express gratitude to their worker or
employees.
Empathetic characteristic is important for
leaders to be a good leader in organization
because good leader always help their
employees to provide solutions of their
problems (Brutus, and Vanhove, 2017).
They communicate effectively and Listen
effectively, so that their workers can easily
understand what they say and follows their
orders.
Leader is a skilful and knowledgeable
because they need to solve their team
member’s problems. They also know about
new technology and trend so that they can
easily give information to their team members.
Manger can make decisions. Different
department manager make decision for their
department for organization growth.
TASK 2

Leader and Manager Roles in Different situation and Functions of management
In Morrison leaders and managers play important role in different situations. In different
situations leader and manger focus on their different roles and responsibility. Morrison's
organization make changes for improvement in their operations for the company and business.
Various situations where Morrison organizations include detail activity. Different
situations are as below mention in which leader and managers play trier roles.
Stable Situations: In stable situations Morrison organization don't do many changes and
their main purpose is to maintain organization position (Khatiri, and et.al., 2019). In stable
situations leaders try to maintain their teams work performance, and they constantly motivate
them and in other hand managers are try to maintain uniform work so that these kinds of
situations cannot not affect the organization. Low productivity is an example of stable situation
which can be control by manager leader by proving different training and development
programs.
Slow or Moderate Changing Situations: In this situation organization behaviour is
slowly or moderately change with the environment. In this situation leader try to motivate their
employees so that they can easily adjust in changed situation. In this situation manager role is to
try to change employee work performance with the situation so that their employees not feel and
burden or work load. Slow production is a moderate changing situation in which company
growth affect slowly. In this situation manager and leader try to apply different theories such as
situational theory to maintain this situation.
Fast-Changing Situation: In this situation it includes globalization technology
advancements etc., Morrison organization is affected by environment and their competitor and in
this, they need to change their behaviour as soon as they can otherwise they can lose their market
position and it also affects their profitability. In this situation leader and mangers need together
and try to motivate and inspires their employees and work so that they cannot affects by the
situation and do their work effectively and efficiently. For example discrimination, inequality
and conflicts are fast changing situation which may affect organization operation sppedly. To
overcome or maintain this situation leaders apply transformation theory to help employee and
fulfil their requirements.
Functions of Managements:

In Morrison organization management use different function to maintain their position in
different situations (Kozlov, 2020). These following functions help organization to achieve their
goals and objectives.
Planning: It is main function of a manager. It involves plan for employee’s responsibilities. It
also consists working independently allocation of task etc.
Leading: This function help management to commanding their teams for daily tasks and for
particular project. This function helps in team work.
Controlling: This function ensure employees are working or not and also help management to
monitor employee’s performance and quality of work.
Organizing: This function also help management to organized their business. It also helps to
establish internal process in organization.
Different theories and models and approach of Morrison
There are a lot of approaches and methods which are present in the market that improves
overall performance and standards of the company. The company needs to gain competitive
advantage and in order to be able to have this factor the organization must be able to have the
right internal working (Ayub and et.al., 2017). Morrison is having the right experience and skill
to be able to make sure that the internal working is health and safe which is going to impact the
productivity and operations of the business. These are different theories which includes the
following:
Situational leadership
There are a lots of situations such as technology changes, environmental affect etc. which
rise in an organization but with the help of right knowledge and experience in this industry is
going to be very helpful for a long term. Morrison is having the right standards and working for
the internal working. All the issues are resolved on time and leaders of Morrison also makes
changes in their styles according to the time in which technology changing so that there will be
higher solution which is come out. Beliefs, values and attitudes of all the employees is different
but the leader must be able to mould with the employees working in the company so that there is
going to be higher understanding and the objectives and goals can be achieved.
System leadership

System leadership is not about control and command in the business but there must be good
sense of direction which has to be present. The working has to be according to the standards of
the company so that there would be higher satisfaction which is going to be present in the market
(Thompson, and Glasø, 2018). There is time for creativity and innovation also to take place in
this leadership style which is focused upon by the Morrison leaders which is good for the
reputation and brand image of the company in the market for a long run.
Contingency
In contingency leadership style the situation is going to change but the style is remained the same
which is not been applicable in Morrison because the company has to be flexible in nature. It is
essential for the company to make sure that they are taking the right actions and measures to be
able to operate effectively and efficiently in the market (Inyang, Agnihotri, and Munoz, 2018).
There are a lot of tasks in hand of the leaders which have to be well maintained and balanced in
the company so that there is going to be higher satisfaction. Behaviour and traits of the leaders
and employees might differ but there has to be common grounds which have to be found so that
there would be higher satisfaction and working which is going to be present in the market.
For example, if Morrison use such theories in their management it will help to increase
their sales and also help organization to increase their performance and it employees also
increase their performance and help company to improve their operation management.
TASK 3
Key approaches to operation management
Operation management is administration of business practice for creating the highest
level of efficiency within business. There are several approaches of operation management that
can help Morrison in improving quality of products and overall operations such as:
Total quality management: It is one of the effective management approach of
continuous process of detecting as well as reducing errors. The main aim of this model or
approach is improving overall quality of products that is the main thing considered by customers.
It is believed that by improving overall quality or reducing errors, company can improve its
operations and take competitive advantages. When customers receive qualitative products then it
increases their experience (Psomas and Antony, 2017). It improves internal processes of
company that leads to better operations.
Leaders' role

 Leaders provide direction to employees on which they have to go as it reduces errors and
improves quality.
 Leaders try to create an effective working environment where, employees can work with
concentration and improve overall performance.
Manager’s role
 Manager mainly focuses on monitoring employee’s performance and accordingly guide
them by involving in the process of production.
 They make sure that all employees are understanding corporate priorities and have clear
understanding about roles and responsibilities.
Six sigma: It is data driven approach that is also being used for eliminating all errors in
production process. This method or approach makes companies able to improve capacity of their
business processes. When overall business practices are being improved then it leads to
improved performance, quality of products, employee’s morale and improvement in profits. It
can be said that it is an effective operational management approach that is beneficial for both
employees and employers. When employers make use of this approach then it reduces errors and
lead to better productivity. It boosts their confidence, and they are more likely to support
company in meeting goals. So, it can be said that by implementation this approach, Morrison can
increase customers as well as employee’s retention rate.
Leader's roles
 Leaders have responsibility of approving projects of employees and guiding them
accordingly. Leaders main role is make sure that employees have all important resources
at place that are required for producing products.
 They also make sure that employees are working effectively and are going on the right
track for delivering products in a timely manner.
Manager’s role
 Managers improve relation of company with suppliers.
 Managers monitor and control the process of production for making sure that employees
are using raw materials in an effective and proper manner for protecting against failure or
poor quality of products.
Just in time: Just in time operational approach is all about reducing inventory cost or
managing inventory. As per this approach, employers or operation manager focuses on aligning

raw material orders from suppliers directly as per the demand of customers or with production
schedule. In this approach, operation manager or responsible person requires creating storing as
well as keeping track of only enough orders for supplying actual demand. It reduces extra cost of
inventory and also free space in warehouse (Panova and et.al., 2020.). So, it can be said that by
implementing this approach, operation manager of Morrison can manage production and also can
fulfil orders they receive. It improves overall operations of company and lead to better
performance.
Leader's role
 Leaders main role is to make sure that employees have all important resources at place
that are required for producing products.
 They also make sure that employees are working effectively and are going on the right
track for delivering products in a timely manner.
 Leaders improve relation of company with suppliers.
Manager’s roles
 Manager of Morrison reviews raw materials work in progress and finished goods
inventory.
Importance of operations management-
Operational management is the process which includes control, supervise and plan the
organizational process of manufacturing and service delivery (Exceed College, 2021).
Operations management is important for organizations like Morrisons because through this
organizations management and leadership can efficiently manage, control and monitor the
operations. Following are the key benefits of operations management at Morrison.
Product Quality- Operational management empowers organizations like Morrisons to
efficiently evaluate the product development process and also check the assurance of high
quality of products development through which it can make sure that customers are having best
in class products and services (Planet Together, 2021). Since in order to maintain high product
quality Morrison's has to monitor the reliability of product development process and also has to
check that developed product is able to meet all the quality standards. It can help it out in
achieving a competitive edge and if product doesn't fulfil the quality standards then it will make
negative impact on customer's loyalty. So overall it can be said that operational management and
its approaches play a vital role.

Reduced operating cost- Organizations like Morrison's has to make sure that it provides
in such a way that customer requirement is being fulfilled and also at the same time company is
able to achieve high profit margin through increased sales. But company ensures that
organizational expenditures are done in a controlled way through which it can make sure that an
efficient economic growth is maintained. It is also stated that company makes use of
technological advancements at the work areas through which it has achieved high work
productivity. It can also reduce the wastage of raw materials during the development of products
for the customers.
Productivity- Thus in order to achieve this it is highly valuable for organization that
Morrison tend to implement operational management in such a way that expenditures are
reduced by implementing several technological advancements for increased work productivity.
Thus increased work productivity also includes that company may have to increase the employee
work force such that it can effortlessly showcase high level of organizational work productivity
to customers such that customer's experience with the organization can also be increased
(Importance of Operations management in business organizations, 2021). Increased productivity
will develop product availability in the market by which organizational sales can be increased
but company has to make increment in employee count for maintaining its high work
productivity.
Customer Satisfaction- Organizations like Morrison's has to make sure that company is
providing products in such a way that customer requirements are being fulfilled by which it can
ensure that customer loyalty is increased. This is important because if customer loyalty is
reduced then chances of brand switching will be increased which will make a negative impact on
company's sustainability in the changing market trends (Grote, 2018). Thus, in order to maintain
customer loyalty Morrison's has to organize customer loyalty programmes in such a way that
customers are motivated to increase their engagement in organizational activities through which
Morrison's can make sure that customer loyalty is increased.
TASK 4
Factors which make impact on decision-making-
Leadership and management has to make sure that employees are able to collaborate their
efforts towards a common target through such that they are able to increase the probability of
goal achievement and also at the same time they have to make sure that company is able to fulfil

customer requirement. This is not as easy for Morrisons as it is said because there a lot of factors
which have to be implemented in the decision-making through which the overall work
effectiveness of the organization can be increased. Following are the key factors which have to
be included by the management and leadership in decision-making for strategy development.
Technology- Leadership and management has to make sure that Morrison's is able to
implement the technological advancement at the work area because through this company can
achieve high work productivity and also can implement synchronism between its customer touch
points. With the help of these technological advancements company can also make sure that it is
able to reduce the organizational expenditures and time consumptions in the development of
products (Smolka and et.al., 2018). Technological advancements can also be used for creatively
advertising company in front of the customers such that Morrison is able to increase its customer
count. It can help it out in taking better decision regarding expansion of business in international
market. It is its strengths and by making use of this strength and considering this while making
decision regarding strategic development and implementation.
Culture- Organizational work culture is the way in which organizational activities are
done and because of which organizational work culture also tends to make a significance impact
on the decision-making of leadership and of management. This is important because the
developed strategy must be made in such a way that it empowers employees to provide their
feedbacks and suggestions for the improvement of organizational working by which
organizational management can make sure that company is having sufficiently new ideas for the
development of products through which it can ensure high increased organizational sales.
However, company has to make several changes in the organizational working to achieve desired
improvisations because of which it is very important for the organizational employee that they
are able to share their issues and ideas for achieving high work productivity.
Values- Leadership as well as management at Morrison's has to make sure that the
decision-making in done such that it provides high level of work benefits to organizational
values through which it can make sure that developed work culture is done such that it tends to
provide high level of organizational values for the improvement of work productivity. With that
leadership has to make sure that the taken decision is able to empower employees to provide
their feedbacks and suggestions for the improvement of work productivity (Abubakar and et.al.,
2019).