HND Business: Leadership and Management Operations Report

This report examines management and leadership operations within the context of Tesco, a multinational retailer. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, outlining their attributes, roles, and responsibilities. The report then explores how leaders and managers function in various situational contexts, including change management, conflict resolution, and training. It delves into different leadership theories, such as situational leadership and contingency theory. The report also outlines key approaches to operational management, highlighting its importance in achieving business objectives and the factors within the business environment that impact operational engagement and decision-making. The analysis includes the application of leadership models and management principles, providing a comprehensive overview of effective leadership and operational strategies.

Management
operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1.....................................................................................................................................................1
Difference between leaders and mangers .............................................................................1
P2.....................................................................................................................................................4
Role of leaders and mangers in different situational context ...............................................4
P3 ....................................................................................................................................................6
Different leadership theories , system leadership theory and contingency theory................6
P4 ..................................................................................................................................................8
The key approaches to the operational management and the role of leaders and mangers in
Operational management........................................................................................................8
P5 ..................................................................................................................................................10
Importance and value of Operational management in achieving objective of the business10
P6...................................................................................................................................................12
Factors within the business environment which impact operational engagement and decision-
making .................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERANCE ..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management refers the set of rules and regulation relating functions and task which is
undertaken for accomplish goals by continuous functions like planning, organizing, leading and
controlling while operations management bring up direction of organization practices which
creates high level of efficiency in employees or worker and maximize profitability within
organization. Tesco is famous in British as multinational groceries and merchandiser retailer.
Headquarters of Tesco is established in UK, England and Welwyn garden city. This report will
tell different roles and characteristic of leader and manager which will introduce in tabular form.
This report will examine role of leader and function of manager which will apply in various
situational context to influences communication and productivity in business. In this report will
cover three theories Six Sigma theory, kaizen theory, Lean manufacturing theory and will apply
three leadership models i.e. situational leadership, system leadership and contingency leadership.
These leadership matches according to their situation and assist to achieve goals of organization.
In this report will inform about key approaches of operational management. Report will express
importance and values of operational management for accomplish business goals. This report
will cover business environment factors which impact on operational management and decision-
making.
P1
Difference between leaders and mangers
Leaders are the individuals who manage the employees and give them new directions or
version to the groups members in order to gain the productive outcomes.
Managers controls the overall system and direct people to choose the correct action plan.
Dave Lewis is the chief executives for Tesco who liable to amend some of the following
roles and responsibilities. Also they differ from the following activities. Also, it implies the
business objectives and also fulfill the business activities. Given following traits
ATTRIBUTES LEADER MANAGER
Definition Leader refers a person who
shows effectiveness on their
juniors through leadership style
and influences them to
While, manager who handles the
entire business and responsible for
carry out managerial functions like
planning, organizing, direction and
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accomplish a specific goal. controlling.
Leadership style Leader applies transformation
leadership style where main
purpose of this leadership is to
change and develop a team and
modification into more
efficiency and better team.
For example- leaders of the
TESCO company are using
democratic leadership style in
which they allow employees to
participate in the decision
making process of the company.
While manager follows transaction
leadership in which manager
encourage their employees by
offering rewards, appreciation
(Akalin, Huang and Willems.,
2016). Reward as Incentives are
more attractive to motivate
employees at workplace and retain
them a organization's for long time.
Thus, manger enables to motivate
their employees.
Aim Main goal of the leader is to
motivate employees by
supporting them and enhances
their skills by providing skill and
development classes. they
perform better at workplace and
gives more growth and
development in business.
While, manager main goal is to lead
productivity in business through
employees, so he sets roles in
organization and implement in
organization. He allocates duties to
individual employee, so they
become responsible at workplace.
Conflict Leader usage conflict as assets
where leader resolve conflicts of
employees by providing friendly
atmosphere and listen them
intently, so employees become
agree with company decision.
While, manager generally avoid
conflicts among employees,
management and clients.
Focus Leader focuses on the entire
employees where he observes
employees weakness and assists
On the other hand, manger focus on
things and procedure where
employee's applies some strategy to
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them to overcome from that
weaknesses (Chiarini., 2015). He
also promotes employee's
strength and motivate them to
give the best performance at the
workplace by appreciation.
Through leadership leads
employees productivity in
business, so they perform better
at workplace.
accomplish company's aim. He
reduces employees turnover and
leads productivity in business.
Strive Leader works hard on employees
and follows transformation
leadership style to leaves
effectiveness on employees, so
they perform better at workplace
and leads profitability in
business.
While manager works for efficiency
where he carries out all functions
like planning, coordination and
controls etc and achieve goals
through managerial functions.
orders Leader appreciates employees
for work which they have
complete in the organization.
While manager allocates
responsibility to individual
employees for work, so they carry
whole responsibility in systematic
way and leads profitability in
business.
Communication Leader communicates employees
according to policies which is set
by organization. As per the
policies' leader leads employees
and support them and creates
friendly atmosphere at workplace
so employees retain at
While manager communicates
leader regarding employees
performance and policy process
regulates by manager where he
aspects result from leadership
regarding employee's performance.
For example- TESCO mangers are
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workplace. organizing training programs for the
employees so they can increase
more skill and potential.
Approaches Leaders sets direction for
employees where he supports
employees and assist them to
sharpen their skills (Davidson
and Olsen III., United Parcel
Service of America Inc, 2016 ).
Provides happy environment at
workplace, so that he's well-
being always continue. Leader
guides employees when they
affix in problem. Thus, leader
help[s to achieve business
designation.
Manger gives plan detail to leader.
On the basis of plan leader enables
to follow them. Manager sets
strategy for company and allocates
work to employee, evaluates
employees work through result.
Thus, manager enables to achieve
company's goal.
Decision Leader makes facilitate decision.
He observes employees and their
needs. On the basis of
employee's requirements sets
rules and takes decision so that
assist to employees to enhance
their skills at workplace.
While, manager makes decision
which favor only in company's goal
rather employees. Manager gives
instruction to follows those
strategies which sets by him. Thus,
his determination for decision leads
productivity in business.
P2
Role of leaders and mangers in different situational context
Leaders and mangers of the TESCO company , play important role in different different
situations, they have to to leaded their employees in different situations and mangers have to
control and handle the situations (Dierynck and Labro., 2018). There are some situations like
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change management, conflicts and training, in this all situations leaders and mangers both play
important role in the TESCO.
Change management
Change management is an proper and systematic approach which helps to bring
changes in organizations. The main fictions of the change management is to implement changes
and make new strategies so company can achieve organizational roles. Change is important for
an organization during this change leaders and mangers have to handle the situation.
Leaders - communications is an one of the important tool during the change. Leaders of the
TESCO should encourage employees to participate in the change. In this situation
communication work as motivation for employees. Proper communication will make them
understand that why this change is importance and how this will help TESCO to achieve their
goals.
Mangers - During the change employees can be demotivated and it will take time understand
the changes and their tasks. Mangers of the TESCO should organize training programs so
employees can develop skills for new tasks (Madsen, Falk and Suter., 2017). Through the
training programs they will to their task with full potential and they will will give their best for
tasks.
Conflicts Situations
In the organization some time employees create conflict situations during the task.
Some employees can have financial problems and issue related to the finance. In the conflict
situation this is an leaders and mangers responsibility ti understand situation and solve them
within an organization.
Leaders – leaders of the company should resolve the conflicts and they should give task to
employees in a group so they can work with each others and understand each others culture.
Teams work helps employees to do their task in less time and this will also helps TESCO to
achieve organizational goals (Davidson and Olsen III., United Parcel Service of America Inc,
2019). This is the beast way to solve conflicts in an organization. Employees will work
together in team.
Managers - Mangers role during the conflict is that they have to listen both the side. They
have to listen both employees carefully and according to that manger have to solve this problem .
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They have to identify points of agreement and disagreement both. Then he have make them
understand.
Training situations
Training helps employees to develop skills to they can perform their task more
effectively and more efficiently. Superiors of the TESCO company should have different
different role in a training . They have to provide proper training to the employees so they can
work better and achieve organizational goals.
Leaders - leaders work during the training program is to monitoring those program and see the
mistakes employees are doing in that program. They have to record performance of the
employees and see the progress after the training. They have to guide employees they are doing
mistake and tell them to improve their mistakes. They are responsible bring change through
their guidance in the employees.
Mangers - managers are responsible to organize training programs for employees. They have
have to identify employees who are not doing their task properly and they need training to
develop skills (7Guertault and et.al., 2018). Training help employees to increase morale they
give their best toward task. They also have to record the performance of the employees to
whom they give training and then after end of the training they have to compare both the
previous and after performance of the employees who have participated in training program.
Fayol Principles
Planning : planning is the foremost principle of the organization management in which manager
or leaders decides what is need to be done and how it is to be done.
Organizing : This is the next step where the manager and leaders handle the other activities to
start the function of planning or to organize other activities.
Commanding : next step towards heading into the task is to give command to employees to
make them perform the task.
Controlling : while implementing the pln next step is to to control things in order to certain the
outcomes.
Coordinating : Last task is to lead all the activities and give employees proper commons.
P3
Different leadership theories , system leadership theory and contingency theory
Goldman's model of situational leadership
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Goldman's Model of situation Theory is one of the most popular theory which is
developed by the Daniel Goldman. This will help leaders of the TESCO to understand the
situations of the company and solve them properly. This theory have develop six categories for
a situational leadership and suggest that which style will be the most effective for the leaders of
the company to be succeed.
Pacesetting leaders - leaders of the TESCO should make aggressive goals and motivate their
employees to achieve those goals (Dykstra and Sun., Halliburton Energy Services Inc, 2019).
This will work with the high motivation and competent employees of the company, they can
lead to the burnout due to the stress levels and high energy demands.
Authoritative leaders – Authoritative leader will helps provide proper direction and goals for
the members of team, it affect to the members of the teams and they will follow instruction of
the TESCO leaders. The details of the plan should be left up to the employees. This will work
better if leaders of TESCO will clear the directions of the goals, but this can create problem to if
some members are knowledgeable or experienced they might reset bring dictated to.
Affiliative Leaders - This is an morel boosting style, In this leaders of the TESCO company
encourage team members , refraining from reprimand. Team will achieve goals more less time if
they will work with coordination. This leadership approach works better during the stress or
when trust of the members is to be rebuild.
Coaching leaders - This approach will helps TESCO company leaders to lead effectively. In
this style leaders lead their employees like their coach and it is similar to the sports coach. In
this leaders focus on every individual in the group.
Democratic leader – In this leadership style leader of the TESCO company give responsibility
to their employees, and they treat them like family members (Greene, EKMK., 2016). They let
employees participate in the decision making . This will be best leadership style TESCO leaders
should use their style so their worker will be responsible towards their work and they will give
their 100 percent for task.
Coercive Leaders – In this type of leadership leaders of the company will act as a ultimately
authority and the demands immediate compliance with the proper directions , Even they can
apply pressure if it is needed. It will helps employees of the company to do their task on time.
System Leadership theory
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In a system Leadership theory leaders of the TESCO applies combination of the skills
and their attribution for the mobilizing a large scale of action for the change system. System
leaders role is to supporting, catalyzing and widespread actions, rather then that spotlight
themselves and occupying.
Convene and commit - the key Stakeholder in the moderated dialogue to address a big issues
of the mutual concern (.Heizer, Render and Munson., 2016.). This helps to share interest and
goals, and leaders commit to the working in team in new ways to create a systematic changes in
the TESCO
Look and learn
In this system mapping , stakeholders of the TESCO jointly build a a mutual
understanding of the actions and influence which will create a proper system and generate new
ideas and system for the company.
Act with Accountability- Leaders and managers of the TESCO should share the goals and set
principles to direction of the initiative while measurement framework helps track progress they
should apply this during the change.
Review and Revise - Leaders and stakeholders should review the progress every day and
according to that they should make new strategies if needed.
Contingency theory of leadership
Decision making theory - This is an Decision Makings models of the leadership . This will
helps leaders of the TESCO during the decision-making process. This will help them to put a
forth the ideas that the effective size the accruing situations (Heizer, Render and Munson.,
2016). They have to assess them and after that they have to determine that how much support
from the team members will give toward third tasks, adjusting style of leadership to fir. The
main purpose of the theory is to understand that much employees of the company are taking
interest in the decision-making.
P4
The key approaches to the operational management and the role of leaders and mangers in
Operational management
Operation management is the core function of the management which controls the all day
day activities of the organization and who also provides the resources to the other people to
manage the day activities in proper manner.
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Six Sigma Approach
Six Sigma approaches are to much popular and implement by many organization. This
approach will helps TESCO to make strategies and improve in the process of the company. This
will also provide satisfaction the customers of the company both internal and external. Many
organization use this approach because it helps to reduce variation in the process. Mangers and
leaders also play impotent role in the Six Sigma approaches.
Leaders - Leaders play important role in Six Sigma because without their support this
approaches cannot give effective result (Dykstra and Sun., Halliburton Energy Services Inc,
2019.). Leaders will guide others if any member is not following this approaches
Mangers - Mangers play key role in the six sigma programs because they provide proper and
strategic direction for they proper development of this program . This is important for them as
well because six sigma programs help them to be successful in their management role. They
provide a clear vision and future forecast . They also provide a budget of this program and
importance this program.
Kaizen approach
This approach provide continues improvement and this will introduce the small changes
in the company in order top improve quality of the product and services. This approach also
assume that employees of the company are the best way to for the improvement, since they see
the processes in the actions of the all time.
Leaders- Main task of the leaders is to set a proper stages for this program and they also
provide a necessary support and required resources. They have to make environment which
should be perfect for the change. They motivate members to be dedicated in a Kaizen process.
Mangers – Mangers work is to mange all Kaizen program and provide all the resources which
will be needed during implementing this approach. They have to spend some time on the
workplace and they have to observe that the program is working properly or not. With the
mangers employees also have to observe together. They have to give some time to the
employees to improvement.
Lean manufacturing
Lean manufacturing is the process in which they try to maximize the waste from the
product without compromising the quality of the product. This approach is quit expensive but
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help to save the resources (Haimelin and et.al., 2017.). This helps to add more value in the
product and make that product with better quality and services.
Leasers - Leaders have important role to implementing the lean manufacturing in the company
. They lead the employees who are working in the manufacturing process and leader give them
proper guidance to understand the process of lean manufacturing process. They are responsible
to implement this process properly.
Mangers- Mangers take decision for the lean manufacturer implementation. They have to give
the impotence of this process in their organization and give their employees training so they can
understand that how this lean manufacturing will work in the organization they give direction of
the task in the lean manufacturing and provide proper guidance to the lean manufacturing team.
After the implementation they have to see that this process is working properly or they are
getting result from this process or not. They have to provide employees all the facilities and
resources they required for this process.
JIT Just In Time.
The "just-in-time method" is an inventory strategy where materials are only ordered and
received as they are needed in the production process in this method TESCO will focus on the
Inventory management and operational mangers try to waste from the resources of the company
and make quality product.
P5
Importance and value of Operational management in achieving objective of the business
Operational management is a proper management which can helpful for TESCO
company to control their resources and make new plans so they give give better products and
quality services to customers of this company ((Dykstra and Sun., Halliburton Energy Services
Inc, 2019). Company can manage many operation of the organizations like technology, people
of the company, equipment and other within an organization. OM is an important component
for the manufacturing operations, that why it is necessary for TESCO to have well and strong
operational management process in their organization.
Impotence and Benefits from effective operational management
Product quality
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