Analysis of Leadership and Management in Sainsbury's

This report delves into the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, comparing them within the context of Sainsbury's. It examines key management functions such as planning, organizing, and controlling, and contrasts them with leadership traits like motivation and influence. The report further analyzes various leadership theories, including trait theory and situational leadership, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. The application of leadership and management in different situational contexts, such as conflict resolution and technology adoption, is also explored. Moreover, the report investigates the relationship between leadership and management in the context of operations management, assessing how leaders and managers can improve operational efficiencies to achieve business goals. Finally, the report analyzes how factors in the business environment impact operational management and decision-making, critically evaluating the application of operation management and factors which would impact on business environment. The report uses Sainsbury's as a key example throughout its analysis.

Management
and
Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager by
using Examples of selective organisation...................................................................................1
M1. Analyse the differentiate between role of leader and manager function that effectively
applying range of theories...........................................................................................................3
There are concept of leadership and management theories.........................................................3
D1. Critically evaluate the different theories and approaches of leadership...............................4
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Examine how role of leader and and function of manager apply in different situational
context. ......................................................................................................................................5
P3. Applying different theories of leadership in context of organisation...................................6
M2. Examine strength and weakness of leadership theories.......................................................7
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................1
P4: Explain the role of manager & leader in key approaches of operations management..........1
P5: Discuss the importance of operations management in accomplishment of business goals.. 3
M3. Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management
to successfully meet the objective. .............................................................................................5
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................5
P6. Analyse the factor for business environment that create an impact as well as on
operational management and decision making. .........................................................................5
M4. Different factor that affect to the business environment. ...................................................7
D2. Critically evaluate the application of operation management and factor which would
impact on business environment. ...............................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Management is a type of administrative of an organisation where it undertakes the regular
operating activities related with profit and non-profit. It is needed at different level as per
requirements in context of utilising term for production process in organisation. The activities
which driven in operation as logistics, distribution, procuring and further more. The concept of
Operation Management is helpful for particular company in order to commodities cost that assort
for maximisation profitability towards company.
In this report the organisation has selected Sainsbury plc, it is second largest chain of
supermarket in United Kingdom and was founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury. The
company becomes largest retailer groceries in 1922. Overall number of location where Sainsbury
shops existed up to 1,428 in international with revenue generates 29.007 billion pounds. As in
report topics are discuss the difference between characteristics and roles of leaders and manager
along with describe the functions of manager in different situation based. Apart, it apply theories
and approaches of leadership with better understand about leader roles and function of manager
as they plan for operation function of company. In Last, it depicts about relationship with
leadership and management in related business environment.
MAIN BODY.
Task 1.
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager by using
Examples of selective organisation.
Management: It is framework of art which is useful to getting people for involving in
activity which has necessity to presumes as in all types of management. Effective management
brings positive outcomes in premises in terms of productivity or making successful the company
in another level. The management system of Sainsbury plc, their manager are efficient enough as
having ability to scrutinize and handle situation perfectly even they motivate to employees
through which they can accomplish targets. Some of activities which Sainsbury company's
manager assort to motivate, planning and controlling activities as well as it increase their
decision making power towards desired goals and objectives.
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 Motivation: This practise of management helps to influence, guide and initiates for goal
oriented behaviour as it also involves biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces
which utilise by manager of Sainsbury where workforce can accomplish their goals. Planning: According to this process as it thinking about activities that required to
achieving organisation objectives. As the manager of Sainsbury plc, they plan to
execute specific activity to having motive for successful attain overall goals.
 Controlling: As it defines function of management which support to identify difference
or gaps in perspective to take corrective action. This practise is optimise by Sainsbury
plc manager, who responsible to detect errors which creating conflicts in achieving the
targets in specific task that helps to reduces to bringing flexibility.
Leadership: It is undertaken the concept which depicts about a leader who provide
positive influence and motivate towards goals for accomplish. By implementing of influencing
or guidance by leader of Sainsbury plc, it create an impact on individual employee performances
as well as their behaviour where they accomplish the task effectively. Employees get benefit by
getting guidance from proficient leader as they shows correct from of path where they could
attain their essential organisation based objectives.
Basic Leader Manager
Meaning  A word leader came from
leadership that describes process
of social influence in which
individual person who tend to
support and provide optimum
guidance to accomplishment the
common task.
 Manager are those who
monitor and control the
activities with other in
organisation. They basically
control the activities by
utilising of managerial skills
or holding the organisational
whose having high
competency to command a
certain unit.
Role  As Sainsbury plc, approaches
leader for making their staffs
 By having a manager in
Sainsbury plc it would brings
2

productive through getting learn
skills and knowledges from
leader that provide benefits to
organisation.
the sort of discipline and
having ability to control the
situation.
Characteristics  An effective leader are type of
systematic personality that
develop trust with employees.
Similarly, leaders of Sainsbury
plc are supportive and provide
guidance to workforce about
how they pursue their task in
compliance oriented manner.
 Leaders are more focuses and
having good perception power to
enhancement of people , as
Sainsbury plc leader commence
their planning to guide
employees by evaluating
individual behaviour.
 The manager are less
supportive rather than
provide order to complete
task. In Sainsbury plc,
manager scrutinize their
employee performance and
assigned task on the basis of
capabilities.
 The power of decision is
undertaken through manager
and handed over to board of
director who are involve in
discussion to evaluating the
alternatives. As manager of
Sainsbury they creates
policies and instruct to
employees to pursue the
work on the basis under
regulation.
M1. Analyse the differentiate between role of leader and manager function that effectively
applying range of theories.
There are concept of leadership and management theories
Leadership Theory: As in this theory, it defines about the set of brought to reflect traits
which helps to individual for aspiring to become a proficient leader. There is one of the theory
which elaborates behalf of Sainsbury plc
3

Trait Theory: In this particular theory it depicts about to predicts the effective leadership
features in individual leader. As in Sainsbury plc, this theory assort to identify the characteristics
that compares to those potential leaders who determines the leading effectiveness.
Management Theory: The theory which consists collection of creativity or ideas which
refers general rules about how to manage organisation business effectively. Moreover, it also
address that how managers design and implement their strategical approach to accomplish
organisation and how they motivate employees to perform at their highest ability. It contains one
of theory which relates to Sainsbury plc manager working process.
Scientific Management Theory: For understanding the behaviour of individual
performance scientifically, where it assort to perform the task or mapped individual how they
approach task where leaders are dependent on the basis of judgement. In the perspective of
Sainsbury plc, their manager usually uses this theory for assessing behaviour with performance
of an individual for setting criteria.
D1. Critically evaluate the different theories and approaches of leadership.
There are the advantages and disadvantages of leadership and management theories:
Trait Theory:
Advantages: it is provide benefits in terms of favourable attributes that allows to measure
the people in terms of personality and work quality for mapping behaviour.
Disadvantages: As it is consuming more time to assess behaviour and attributes for
submitting the individual performance report.
Management theory:
Advantages: By enhancing effective training that helps to develop physical and mental
stability to achieving important objectives which are related with organisation.
Disadvantages: Through implementing Scientific management theory where it helps to
boost up the individual working mobility, but it can provide negative impact in terms of health
consideration.
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Task 2.
P2. Examine how role of leader and and function of manager apply in different situational
context.
In organisation they have to faces different challenges and issues as in various situational
arises through leader and manager used to perform in effective manner as per accordingly. Their
motive is to dissolve the specific crises (Hong and et. al., 2015). As the ability of business having
attaining to gain competitive advantages which they get motivate from high market environment.
In Sainsbury plc , there two situation arises in which role of leader and function of manager get
identified such as:
Situation 1: Conflict Management
As per in this situation, the management team of particular organisation which performs
and execute the task on the basic of strategic formulation by making better coordination with
other employees who are working in same organisation (Jiang and et. al., 2016). This scenario is
generates in Sainsbury plc, if they faces situation like crises or conflicts between employees or
not having better coordination as in related with work attributes such as unproductive
performances and problems related with other peers member (Kang and et. al., 2016). Role of
leader and manager function reduces the employee grievances, improve employee performances
where they can attain optimum growth. As different leader roles and manager function are driven
below:
Role of leader:
 As in conflict situation arises in Sainsbury Plc, that leader can applies their leadership
styles or method in these kind of scenario where they can motivate employees by
provided them proper guidance to develop their efficiency.
 Effective leader measures the main factor through which the key factor in which
particular situation gets more influencing in negative way. Through measures which
opted by leader it can reduces the uncertainty and barriers.
Functions of Manager
 The major responsibility of manager of Sainsbury plc, that they collect necessity
information which is related to situation where it helps to develop a unique strategic
framework through proper planning with undertaken action to reduce the barriers. Also,
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they make aware to employees about overall plan and procedure that helps to contribute
to attain objectives.
 By having better communication and interpersonal skills can create positive influence
towards employees where they understand about problem.
Situation 2. Adopt New Technology:
In above situation, it derives when organisation adapts or introduce any form of advanced
technology resources where proper research and development having a motive to increase
productive level (Karangelos and Wehenkel., 2016). For Sainsbury, leader and manager implies
new resources technology in their working premises on those factors where specific technology
world arises positive impact.
Role of Leader:
 By introducing of new technology in context of resources or equipment, the Sainsbury
plc company's leader need to makes better understand of proper utilisation, benefits of
resources (Khlat and et. al, 2016). Through this instruction it improves productivity and
less consuming as per time duration.
 To provide different trait of practise and activities where it helps to improve skills and
knowledges that generates new learning attributes as it support to employees for their
better understanding and attaining innovative experiences in flexible manner.
Function of Manager:
 Manger of Sainsbury design and implement new policies related with new technology
enhancement in which employee must assort technology under the guidelines which
driven by manager.
 To provided the training program for employees and discuss with employees about uses
of new resources which helps to Sainsbury manpower by utilising the technology to
increase their efficiency as well as productive.
P3. Applying different theories of leadership in context of organisation.
Leadership is in form of business is the capacity of particular company's management to
setting and having achieve oriented towards challenging goals and impact of opposite action
when it needed to execute (Li and Wang., 2015). There are some leadership theories which is
utilise in Sainsbury plc and opted by manager and leader to develop their lacking areas which
prevented in employee performances or other internal activities of organisation.
6

 Situational leadership: According to this leadership theories, it defines about individual
leader perspective that he/she can opted for suitable plan of action which execute on the
basis of situation relatable. By opting different strategies of leadership style as per
decision making basis. Similarly, for Sainsbury plc leaders utilise their leadership style
as per situation diversification to properly monitor. Situational leadership having some
factors which support as well as recommend to Sainsbury plc terms:
Telling: In this leadership, leader commence their work through enhance effective decision
making along with excellence communication skills to make employee understand about their
goals.
Selling: As in this style leader are tend to distribute or share their creativity or innovative ideas
with team where they get learn and use in easier way.
 System Leadership: Through this leadership theory, in which leaders uses their skills
and knowledge to putting efforts for becoming proficient leader by increasing their
performance team (López and et. al,., 2015). Leaders allows to their followers for openly
share their thoughts and ideas as in productive manner. In context of Sainsbury plc, their
leaders encourage to reduces the pressure related with work. Inspite of that they added
more values and work ethics through which employees handle their task related with
operation or administrative working objectives.
 Contingency Leadership: On this theory basis, it depicts with context of leaders that
they do not depended on their skills and attributes. The different personalities having
significant type of capabilities which reflects in their work style as well as they approach
by their own process. In situation of Sainsbury's leader assort their leadership style
which provides more flexibility or positive outcomes in their task. As this process of
own approaching of leadership style can makes healthy relationship between employees
and leaders.
As per above discussion of different leadership theories, most effective theory is selected
which follows and applicable by Sainsbury company's leader as Situational Leadership theory,
where on basis of situation leader would implement strategies as per their capabilities or in
diverse scenario employee can consult with them for attaining the goal successfully.
M2. Examine strength and weakness of leadership theories.
7

Leadership Styles Strength Weakness
Situational leadership By eliminate overall barriers or
complexity where individual and
team employee can attain their
objective in effective manner
(Loucks and Van Bee., 2017).
For Sainsbury company leader this
leadership style is most supportive
leadership style where employees
can pursue their task in systematic
manner.
There is not surety for positive
outcomes might generates or
not , because leaders uses this
style on the basis of situation if
situation not in favour side for
long term perspective.
System leadership By measuring performances by
individual employees can influence
where they can free to share their
suggestion.
As it facilitate of wide range of
direction from leadership
perspective.
There is more time taking at the
time of decision making.
As per the situation condition
generates but it having various
complexity where they are
independent with each other
that raises conflicts.
Contingency leadership This leadership is having dynamic
nature where it fluctuates on the
basis of situation. Chances can be
prevent in positive way.
It helps to leaders as it increase the
decision making power.
At the time of assorting this
leadership style in practical
way or situation it prevent
more complexity.
Somehow, leader has find it to
difficult to not handle for the
manager where it make
situation complicate (Minchala-
Avila and et. al., 2016).
8

TASK3
P4: Explain the role of manager & leader in key approaches of operations management.
Theories of operations management :- Leaders and managers of Sainsbury uses various
methods to manage effectiveness and efficiency in the production and manufacturing process of
business. These significant approaches and role of leaders and managers of firm are explained as
follows : Six sigma : This method is based on theory that decreasing the variations will solve
problems of production and operation of business (Mohammed and et. al., 2019).
Leaders and managers of respective company are liable for identify total quantity of
chance for a defect in process from manufacturing to transaction of products and
services. It minimising the costs of company and strengthen the smooth flow of
business. Lean producing : It is important tool for reducing the waste of production process.
Managers and leaders of Sainsbury are responsible for cutting out waste while ensuring
quality in the production for eliminating operating cost, lead time and improving
productivity of firm.
 Queuing theory : This approach refers quantitative study of functions, formation,
waiting line or queue. It is the role of leaders and managers of respective firm to
identify activity need to be access for processing of large number of activities
(NOZARI and MOSTAFA, 2017). It helps in creating cost-effective and efficient
workflow of organisation which plays significant role in smooth functioning of
business.
Approaches of operations management :- There are different tools and techniques that
eliminating the wastage of time, resources, money etc. for managing the effectiveness and
efficiency in the production and manufacturing process. In terms of Sainsbury role of manager
and leader are explained below :
 Total quality management (TQM) : It helps in increases the quality awareness within
the firm, ensures team work and focuses on continuous improvement in long run. The
role of leaders and manager of Sainsbury is to ensure improvement of internal process of

producing goods and maximising the customer satisfaction. It helps in maximising the
sale and increasing the revenues and market shares of business.
2

 Just in time (JIT) : It is the important method of operations management to maximise
efficiency and reducing the waste through receiving required good only within the
process of production (Oti and et. al., 2016). In terms of respective organisation it is the
responsibility of leaders and managers to ensure the improvements of cash flows through
reducing capital expenditure and lowering inventory cost of organisation.
 Concept of continuous improvement (Kaizen) : It is the Japanese technique of
continuous improvement in the operations and management of a business firm. Managers
and leaders of Sainsbury plays important role in improving productivity, quality, heath &
safety, workplace culture (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo., 2016). Kaizen refers activities
that constantly improving all functions and involving all employees from board of
directors to assembly line workers. This participation make suggestions to improve
business operations.
Although it is suggested for leaders and managers of Sainsbury to use total quality
management tool in their production and manufacturing process, because it gives more authentic
results and eliminating wastage. It also improves quality for long run, maintaining the
effectiveness & efficiency in production and manufacturing process & maximise the sale of
firm.
P5: Discuss the importance of operations management in accomplishment of business goals.
Operations management is the concept of planning, evaluating, directing and controlling
of activities related to the production and manufacturing process of business organisation. The
managers and leaders of Sainsbury are liable to perform the duties related to directing and
controlling of human and work resources of the firm. It is important for effective operation of
business, maximising profits and revenues and satisfying consumers. Following are the points
that describes significance of operation management in attainment of organisational objectives : Quality management : Different techniques of operation management helps the
organisation in improving quality of production and manufacturing of goods and
products. For instance Sainsbury's aim is to manage overall quality of production process
(Pavlineri, Skoulikidis. and Tsihrintzis., 2017). Thus, operation management tools like-
TQM plays significant role in managing the total quality of manufacturing process of
firm through reducing unnecessary waste and time. It adds a value in achievement of over
all objective profit maximisation.
3

 Customer satisfaction : Operation management ensures the quality of products and
services in long run which helps the organisation in attracting customers and gaining
competitive advantage via meeting the needs of consumers. For instance effective and
efficient production eliminating the misuse of time and resources (Parisio., Rikos and
Glielmo, 2016). So that leaders and managers of Sainsbury can focus on the needs and
expectations of customers. Customers satisfaction will results in enhancing sales and
profits of firm.
 Reducing waste : There are several techniques of production and operation management
that helps the firm in eliminating wastage of materials, time, equipments of business. So
the company can run its operation in effectual way and helps in accomplishment of end
targets of business such as- sales and profit maximisation, market share enhancement etc.
For instance maintaining and controlling waste saves the money and time of business
which plays important role in achievement of increasing cash flow and market shares of
Sainsbury. Motivating employees : Operations management also plays role in motivating employees
towards achievement of common goals. For instance leaders and mangers of Sainsbury's
uses concept of constant improvements which allows the participation of all employees
from upper to bottom level. Thus, participation of all levels in decision making of
production improvement may clear the vision of firm (Pavlineri., 2017). This leads to
effective and smooth functioning of business.
 Increasing cash-flow : Operation management ensures the improvement and efficiency
in quality and productivity of organisation, helps in large customers base which results in
increasing the revenues of firm. For instance operation and management department of
Sainsbury ensures lower inventory costs and reducing capital expenditures. This results in
increasing the cash flows of firm. Increasing cash-flow serves the purpose of successful
operation and functioning of business. It contributes to achievement of growth of the
business.
4

Thus, it is observed that operation and management department of Sainsbury performs
vital role in the success of organisation. Various tools and approaches of operation management
have significant impact on smooth functioning and brand image of firm.
M3. Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet the objective.
There is possibilities to improve internal capabilities by leaders and managers through
considering operational management approaches by opted for learning managerial skills and
other learning aspect (Sukumar and et. al., 2017). Those aspects helps to leader to increase their
skills and knowledges where managers will formulate policies to implement new rules and
regulation that related with business operation. By gaining overall learning aspect by leader and
manager, they could approach their work in flexible manner and helps to accomplish their goals
by utilising different strategical approaches like TQM, Six Sigma and Lean principles these
elements of operation management increase the abilities of leader and manager (Tian and et. al.,
2015).
Task 4.
P6. Analyse the factor for business environment that create an impact as well as on operational
management and decision making.
The term business environment refers about the external forces which directly creates an
impact on organisation ability to form better relationship with organisation and customer where
it successfully business regulation. In process of decision making in Sainsbury plc is utilising
different factor where leaders and manager manages different working condition which
explained below:
Corporate social Responsibilities: According to this business environment factor
derives about compliances oriented improvement such as social, economical, environment is
being consider in efficient way. The different role which plays by leader and manager of
Sainsbury company to monitor as well as detailed analysation which increase the flows of
working process (Uygur., Musluk. and Ilbey, 2015). This also generates the chances of
sustainability increases of company in competitive market.
5

Ethics: In this factor of business environment helps to creates policies or norms through
an individual or group of people that follows and implies to their working process to accomplish
goals in effectively manner. Ethics in Sainsbury company business operation which formulate
for long term perspective as well as sustainability balanced. Manager assigned their
responsibility through which better decision making that influence as in positive way in business.
Sustainability: The term sustainability is refers ability which constantly exists as well as
meeting overall needs without compromising with ability of future generation to meet their
needs. The concept of sustainability is formed by three pillars like economic, environmental and
social factor (Welch and Long, , 2015). As per the Sainsbury business operation where it more
enhance creativity, innovative through business context that brings satisfaction to customer. By
addition of more values related with business customer get attracted and retain for longer period
of instance.
Furthermore, assessing of business environment in external environment there is analysation of
Pestle which scrutinize the information relates with political, economic, social, technological,
environment and legal: Political: In this factor overall political related norms and polices are formulate within
the country government laws perspective. The political condition of United kingdom is
stable , but Sainsbury company can gets impact from Brexit market that means United
Kingdom would no longer be part of European countries where it will increase the import
rates. Economical: This factor refers about condition of country economic background such as
inflation, recession, unemployment and more. Sainsbury is highly dependent on the
transportation (Winkler and Choban., 2015). The current economic performance of
United Kingdom is high effective in positive side. As Sainsbury is highly dependable on
distribution factor as it comprise that petrol and diesel price can be increased. Social Factor: According to this factor it derives about geographic and demographic
factor which emphasis customer behaviour on specific product and services. As per the
perspective of Sainsbury plc, UK population is increasingly turns into medical and health
conscious diet where fluctuation of taste and preferences can decrease productivity of
Sainsbury plc.
6

 Technological: As Sainsbury enhance different type of advnaced resources where in
United Kingdom there is vast opportunity as well as advantages of technological factor.
By allowing eco-friendly technology is assorted as in current situation in Sainsbury
company. Environment: The retail companies in UK has follows the carbon footprint as it helps to
not spread chemical in environment condition. The current climate condition fluctuates
due to harmful chemicals prevented through products. By gaining monuments through
out in United kingdom, it ensures for the brand needed to steps over environmental
impacts.
 Legal: In this factor the United kingdom legislation are very effective and having high
influence in public limited and private limited company. As Sainsbury plc having
different layer of decision making applied on it. It ensures about systematic changes
introduced by not delaying in business structure. In regulatory approval influence towards
loss in competitive market where competitor brings able to provide better experience to
customer.
M4. Different factor that affect to the business environment.
There are different factor of environmental factor in consideration of Sainsbury plc by
elaborating the Corporate Social Responsibility, business ethics and sustainability which affect to
the business environment where CSR activities helps to getting business development in terms of
better image in society (Minchala-Avila and et. al., 2016). Business Ethics supports to added
moral values of business related which systematic process or compliance oriented way.
Sustainability provides the long term exist in the market by focuses to the basic objective
through which it support the business organisation platform. After Pestle analysation helps to
identify in United Kingdom perspective that Sainsbury plc having many opportunities through
Technological, Environmental and Social but the implication are driven through political,
economical and legal as these factors can create barriers in terms of Brexit market.
D2. Critically evaluate the application of operation management and factor which would impact
on business environment.
The application of operation management is attaining highlight the major components
like Six sigma, Total quality management and lean principles (Tian and et. al., 2015). Through
proper analysation by reducing overall barriers and improves productivity level is controlled by
7

Total Quality of Management in Sainsbury as manager scrutinize and rectify lacking resources
which is fulfil by supply chain management (Parisio., Rikos. and Glielmo., 2016). The objective
of TQM to identify the flaws or errors which can improved through training and development
program.
CONCLUSION
In above report of management and operation discussion with several agendas has come
to summarised that leaders and managers as well as both plays an important role for succession
planning towards company in terms of handling crises or uncertainty. Managers and leaders are
tend to manage the situation in effective way. By explaining of this role and function of manager
and leaders are in supportive to monitor activities in every situation. Apart from it, different
types of leadership approaches has been discussed in significant manner. Through evaluating
various operational management approaches which ensure the TQM and quality of production
which reduces the wastages of resources. Importance of operational management that derives of
different practises presumes to manufacturing of product for company perspective. As per the
context, by analysation of environment to rectifying amount of risk as well as its creating impact
on decision making process of leader and manager of company.
8

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