Leadership & Management: Improving Performance & Motivation Strategy

This report examines the critical role of leadership and management in aligning individual and organizational goals, focusing on motivational theories and performance management approaches. It discusses process and content theories of motivation, such as Vroom's expectancy theory and Herzberg's two-factor theory, and provides examples of performance management approaches within organizations like Marks & Spencer. The report further explores autocratic, democratic, and situational leadership theories, emphasizing the importance of clear communication and employee motivation for continuous improvement and performance. It recommends implementing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational strategies to support the achievement of organizational objectives by enhancing employee performance and productivity. In conclusion, the report underscores the significance of effective leadership and management in achieving an organization's vision and mission, highlighting the need for companies to prioritize employee motivation and development.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

CONTENT
• Introduction
• Company Profile
• Aim and objectives
• Project management plan
• Methodology
• Primary analysis
• Conclusion and Recommendations
• Reflection

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is a process of guiding and leading the group of people in order
to align their individual goal with organisational goals whereas management
is an activity of formulating plan and directing the employees in order to
achieve the business goals and objective.

INTRODUCTION TO MOTIVATIONAL
THEORIES
Process theory of motivation
Process motivation theory is dependent on the manner in which motivation can be developed in individual.
Victor's Vroom expectancy is one of the process motivation theory which states that individual's level of
motivation is affected by their expectation.
Content theory of motivation
Content theory of motivation is related with examining needs of employees which is required to motivate them.
Herzberg's two factor motivation theory is the type of content motivation theory which is having two factors
such as hygiene factors and motivating factors.

EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
• There are various performance management approaches are such management tools
which are used within Marks & Spencer for the major purpose of developing employees
and managing their performance.
• In the context of comparative approach rankings are given to employees in comparison to
other groups. For Marks & Spencer this approach will lead the organisation to provide
fair rankings to all employees so that actual individual performance can be analysed.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES AND THEORIES
• Autocratic leadership and management approaches:
• Democratic leadership and management approaches
• Situational theory:
• Bureaucratic management theory:

RECOMMENDATIONS
• Autocratic and democratic leadership theories and approaches can improve the
continuous improvement and performance by helping employees to grow and develop
opportunities and recognition to them. Leaders generally set clear vision for the company,
guide employees and motivate them through the work process.
• In order to improve the continuous improvement and performance it is important to
communicate the goal to everyone so that they know what their actual work is in
organisation.

MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGY THAT CONSIDERS
BOTH INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION
Intrinsic motivational strategy:
It is one of the motivational strategy which must be used by Marks and Spencer in order to
improve the performance of staff.
Extrinsic motivational strategy:
Marks and Spencer must focus on implementing extrinsic motivational strategy as it helps
to inspire employees to perform the task for earning the reward or avoiding punishment.

STRATEGY SUPPORTS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES
• The motivational strategy helps in supporting the achievement of organisational objective
by improving the work performance of employees and reducing the gap between
willingness and ability to work.
• If staff are highly motivated in organisation they perform better which results in higher
productivity and lower cost of production. By using motivational strategy, the manager of
Marks and Spencer can effectively blend individual and organisational goals.

CONCLUSION
• It is being concluded from the above information that leadership and management plays
an important role in achieving the vision and mission of organisation. There are various
theories and styles are implemented in order to increase the growth and performance of
organisation. It is the responsibility of company to focus on motivating their employees
so that they can work with dedication and accomplish their target in effective manner.

REFERENCES
• Armstrong, M., 2016. Armstrong's handbook of management and leadership for HR:
Developing effective people skills for better leadership and management.
• Hartley, J., 2016. Public sector leadership and management development. In Gower
Handbook of Leadership and Management Development (pp. 557-572). Routledge.
• Collinson, D., 2017. Critical leadership studies: A response to Learmonth and
Morrell. Leadership. 13(3). pp.272-284.

Thank – You