Leadership and Management Report: An Analysis of Leadership Theories

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LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
Q1. WHAT IS INVOLVED IN BEING A SUCCESSFUL LEADER?........................................................................2
Q2. CAN GOOD LEADERSHIP BE DEVELOPED, AND IF SO, HOW?................................................................7
Q3. WHAT DISTINGUISHES LEADERSHIP FROM MANAGEMENT?................................................................9
Q4. WHAT HAVE YOU PERSONALLY LEARNT ABOUT LEADERSHIP FROM YOUR OWN EXPERIENCES, ON
THIS COURSE AND ELSEWHERE?...............................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................14
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Q1. WHAT IS INVOLVED IN BEING A SUCCESSFUL LEADER?
In this business generation, leaders are essential for leading business and manpower by their
effective decisions and skills. A successful leader is a Mentor or Influencer who can encourage,
motivate and inspire to people. The primary responsibility of leaders is to lead others in an
appropriate direction for effective results. The core of leadership is depending on the trust
level. A leader is always taken creative decisions for the organization as well as for human
development (Hackman, 2013). Besides that, peoples follow to that personality who can lead
them for the betterment of results and who have loyalty and honesty towards their work. They
influence the different qualities of leaders like discipline, polite behaviour with everyone, quick
decision-making ability and more. There is some set of theories and approaches which indicate
the effective leadership are following as:
Leadership style ‘Kurt Lewin’ (3 Style-Model)
3 style-models is the oldest Situational models approach for leadership given by psychologist
Kurt Lewin to identify the leadership behaviour in a flexible situation in the organization
(Hackman, 2013). Lewin testifies the three styles of leadership are followings:
1. Autocratic Leaders (Authoritarian)
In this style, Leaders are able to take quick appropriate decisions without any consultation of
other employees for the organization. When there is no requirement of team agreement in any
decision taken by the only top level management. With the result of the appropriate argument,
Lewin finds that this style is demoralizing and it can be the reason for employee turnover in the
organization (Stanislavov and Ivanov, 2014).
 Each and every organizational decision is taken by the leader or with the consult of top-
level management (Stanislavov and Ivanov, 2014).
 Less interference of employees in this style and transportation of ideas and approaches
through employee is very less.
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 Only team leader and top management provides instruction of the tasks and also
forward the process to complete it (Stanislavov and Ivanov, 2014).
Example: Some manufacturing organization has to make a quick response in operating activities
and also in delivering orders. So, leaders have to make quick decisions with the only consult of
top management. There is no involvement of employees and workers in the decision-making
process.
2. Democratic Leaders (Participative)
Democratic leadership is effectual style among three because it helps to participate in the group
activates between the employees. Leaders make proper interaction with the employees and
other workers to evaluate their ideas and provide reviews. Sometimes, it happens that some
team members have very less productivity towards their job. So, there is a responsibility of
leaders to motivate and encourage them and provide appropriate direction to completion of
work.
 In this style, leaders and management make open conversation with the employee to
discuss their opinions and ideas.
 Leaders make decisions with the consult of employee’s ideas and approaches; this is not
that easy when you have to make quick decisions.
Example: According to Kurt Lewin, leaders are involving in operational activities which help to
the employees and workers of the organization to take guidance and direction from the top
level management and increase their productivity.
3. Laissez-faire leadership (Delegative)
Generally, in this style, Leader is less interactive in the working process of employees; they
leave them with their own and provide freedom to the employees to make any decision for
completion of work but within the deadlines. It is useful for the company but moreover harmful
also, employees who have less knowledge, productivity is not good and lack of skills and
motivation will not help to complete their work within the duration of deadlines.
 In this style, the satisfaction level of the employees is very high.
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 It should be in the mind that management and leader to use this approach is effective
only when, there is monitoring and evaluating should be followed in a proper manner.
Example: Delegative stands for the allocation of work to different employees and set a time
limit for the completion of work on their own. Some organizations use this approach that
employee has full authority to do work with their own way but in the specific deadlines (IS,
2019).
Katz's three-skills Approaches
This approach is based on Katz's own analysis of leadership in an organization which reflects the
various skills like Human, Technical, and Conceptual. These approaches help to manage a
business in an effective way. It provides full utilization of human skills in the organization
through step by step (Cai, 2014).
1. Technical Skills
This approach is referred to the technical skills which include the knowledge of analytical
analysis, and also required the knowledge of using different techniques and technical
equipment in the organization. It is helpful for the manager to manage things; they exactly
know the level of knowledge in employees (Cai, 2014). This approach is only for lower and
middle-level management. It indicates the ability and capability of employees towards their
work role.
 Less interaction with top and higher-level management.
 Technical skills are important for the organization to make an analytical analysis which
definitely helps to achieve desired objectives.
Example: this approach analyzed that there is a requirement of ground-level technical staff who
have that ability to work with technology, using effective techniques and should have
knowledge about using the equipment.
2. Human Skills
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He refers that, this approach is very useful for the organization and also for the leaders to
bifurcate the human resources by their skill to place them in the right position. Human skills
refer to the personality who have proper manage the human sources and set up effective
relations with them. For a successful organization, leaders should have that ability to encourage
and motivate employees for effective work count (Cai, 2014).
Example: According to Timothy Donald Cook is a CEO of an American incorporation ‘Apple’
organization should be focused and diversified for achieving more benefits in the market which
is only done by the managing human skills in different positions and utilizing the resources (IS,
2019).
3. Conceptual Skills
A successful organization has a unique strategy and ideas to improve their productivity as well
as growth in market position. Leaders always adopt some new creative ideas and thoughts
which concern with their employees and workers for more add-ons to achieve more results. A
leader has that capability to use different plans and procedures in a company to identify the
objectives and achieve them (Cai, 2014).
 Conceptual skills are generally used by top management.
 There is no involvement of lower management in the decision-making process.
Example: Some FMCG companies use a conceptual advertisement to increase their sales. They
make effective ads which reflect the products in a traditional and cultural way.
Hersey and Blanchard Model for Situational Leadership
Hersey Blanchard model represents the situational leadership is the combination of four styles
which are Telling, Selling, Participating, and Delegating. This approach helps to identify
situational of task behaviour, relationship behaviour and monitor the task given to the
employees with some strategies. The main motive of Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard is to utilize
the human resources at the maximum level (McCleskey, 2014).
As per the earlier discussion about this approach, there are four styles given by the Hersey and
Blanchard is followings as:
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1. Telling Style
In this identity, it reflects the process of high task and low relationship behaviour.
Management and leaders provide several tasks to the employee and along with the
direction to complete it (McCleskey, 2014). Proper communication should be there for
providing effective guidance. Example: Telling style is used for providing instruction to
complete the tasks with a specific process.
2. Selling Style
It reflects the High task and high relationship behaviour. In this style, leaders influence
the employees to work effectively for gaining better results from the organization.
Basically, in this approach, the leader provides various motivation and inspiration
characteristics to the employees and it can be emotional and social (McCleskey, 2014).
3. Participating Style
It reflects high tasks and high relationship behaviour. Leaders try to participate in
organizational activities and which helpful for encouraging, inspiring and motivating
employees and workers to put their efforts as much as they can to achieve the desired
goal of the organization. Example: Leader like Danielle Warner CEO of Expat Insurance
she always concerns about the participation in group activities and motivate employees
for increasing productivity and work in the healthy atmosphere (IS, 2019).
4. Delegating Style
It reflects the low task and low relationship behaviour. In this style, the leader uses to
delegate the tasks among the employee and provide liberty to do whatever they want
to complete the task. With this, they can analysis of the creative ideas and innovative
ways of finishing tasks by employees. Example: According to the Nicole Martin CEO of
HRBoost, Leadership is means to delegating of tasks and activities among the
employees, and let them free to complete their work on it selves (IS, 2019).
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Q2. CAN GOOD LEADERSHIP BE DEVELOPED, AND IF SO, HOW?
Everyone describes the leadership in a different way, but the perfect meaning of leadership is
that John Maxwell defines “A leader is that person who sees the way, move to way and reveal
the way. ” A leader is that person who knows the way to use creative idea in the organization
for future growth and leader is more focused about the forecasting of activities which helps to
the organization to reach on specific level (Schoemaker et al., 2013).
Decision-Making Ability
Apart from forecasting and creative vision, he or she should have that capability to make the
right decision at the right time. For an effective decision-making process by the leader is a
requirement of long and hard thinking which helps to make an analysis of the various
assumptions (Schoemaker et al., 2013).
Effective Communication Skills
Every business requires a leader who have effective command on communication skill which
helps the leaders to establish amazing relation with others like workers, employees and
management as well. Leaders should have that ability to speak write and understand the
specific language. It also helps to influence and motivates peoples.
Fulfilment of Commitments
Leaders should be loyal and honest about their responsibility and they should fulfil the
commitments within the period. All these things help to make an effective leader. Seriousness
towards your responsibility will help you to gain a lot of respect from the follower and they will
definitely take your instruction as a prior (Schoemaker et al., 2013).
Issue Resolving
Leaders are always leading to the organization along with manpower to meet with the desired
objectives. In between this process, there are some uncertain issues which arise anytime so
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that leader has that ability to resolve any issues with a creative and effective way. The
organization can look forward to the growth and development of their employees and business
also. Example: As per the thinking of Leaders, they have the most essential roles in the
organization to identify and resolve the problems and uncertain issues (IS, 2019).
Advantages of Learning
Sometimes, uncertain issues are created by the circumstances. For facing that situation an
effective leader has to work for the different information and knowledge which helps them to
achieve the desired objectives of the organization (Schoemaker et al., 2013). Learning and
gaining knowledge is not bad for anyone, even it helps to build and develop skills for grabbing
more opportunity.
Motivation
As the report says that, employee motivate and encourage through various way like
emotionally and by the monetary things like bonus, incentives and other rewards. Leaders
should be flexible by the situation and motivate them by using their skills.
Example: there is a situational leadership theory call Hersey and Blanchard Models which refers
to the process of motivating and encouraging of employees in the organization
Adaptability
As we can see that in different organizations, adaptability is a big issue in the business which
creates more damages. If the quality of adaptable in leaders, so it is quite easy to remove such
issues and organization can move to increase the efficiency for getting desired objectives
(Schoemaker et al., 2013).
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Q3. WHAT DISTINGUISHES LEADERSHIP FROM MANAGEMENT?
Management is about to manage different activities occurs in the organization and leadership is
to manage human resources for motivating and encouraging them. Management is helping in
making the procedure, policies strategies, and plans to achieve the desired objectives of the
organization. All operational activities are managed by the manager which leads to the straight
line activity for the development.
Define Management
Management is a process of managing, making plans, organizing activities, directing the staff,
and controlling on financial activities which helps to achieve desired objectives. Proper forming
of management is essential for any organization to set up its operation activity structure
(Drucker, 2012).
 For successful organization, there is a need for systematic plans and procedure which
also impact on the financial position of the organization in the market.
 A manager is liable for the selection and recruitment process of employees and also
resolves the external factors which make an impact on the business (Drucker, 2012).
Define Leadership
Leadership is involved in motivating, inspiring, and encouraging the employees for betterment
in productivity which helps to achieve the desired objectives of the organization. Directing
employees and peoples for the development of their skills and which helps them in future.
Leadership is an essential part of any organization which leads to the situation of forecasting
(Youssef-Morgan and Luthans, 2013).
 It is about to get other peoples to do something for leaders want to be done because
they want to do it (Youssef-Morgan and Luthans, 2013).
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 Leaders are involving in the process of inspiring and motivating other peoples for
achieving a path in the work and helps in achieving the desired objectives of the
organization.
As we discussed the various leadership theory which helps to understand that there are several
approaches to identify the right leader for the organization. There are different theories like
 Katz's (three-skills) Approaches
According to Robert Katz used technical, human, and conceptual skills which describe
the process of leadership in different organization.it would be more comfortable
through the example of USA President Donald Trump have various quality for an
effective leader. On earlier stage, he was a businessman and television celebrity.
Basically, Donald Trump is the person who entered politics after different activities
where the necessary requirement of leadership, he also good in influencing others, has
excellent command on human skills management. This personality is engaging to adopt
innovation in technology, human resources and many more things (Cai, 2014).
 Leadership Styles (3-Style Model) - Kurt Lewin
In this theory, Kurt Lewin describes the three styles of leadership which indicate the
process of managing employees through leaders. The given approaches are autocratic,
Democratic, and Delegative leadership. According to his analysis, there are different
types of requirement of leaders in organizations which can be bifurcate with these three
styles. Take an example, A Plastic manufacturing organization requires a leader to set up
some strategy in the company to increase productivity (IS, 2019). Now the size of the
organization, number of employees and workers, working atmosphere and other
aspects should be under the analysis by leaders. And choose which style affects most to
apply. Generally, leaders use to go with Democratic style which is more participated
within the organization and also helpful for the employees (Stanislavov and Ivanov,
2014).
 Hersey-Blanchard's situational model
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Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard models are divided into four parts which indicate the
process of leadership in an organization; it includes telling, selling, participating and
delegating styles task relation and task behaviour towards the organization. According
to the Byrne Murphy Chairman of Digiplex, leadership strategy and theory applies on
the basis of the situation in the organization, which indicates the flexibility in rules and
regulation, policies and plans. He also mentions that this situation theory can improve
productivity with the help of effective supervision and providing direction to the
employees and workers (IS, 2019).
Differences between Management and Leadership
Category Management Leadership
Meaning It means Planning, managing,
coordination and controlling in the
organization (Terina, 2019).
Leadership is focusing on the process
of completing tasks in an effective
manner.
Employee
relations
Managing things by supervision and
subordination (Terina, 2019).
Leadership is basically motivating and
inspiring other peoples to develop
efficiency (Terina, 2019).
Activities Involving in managing management
activities
A leader is involving in operating
activities with employees.
Roles and
responsibilit
y
Managers make plans and policies for
the organization (Terina, 2019).
Leadership helps in completing tasks
by employees to motivating and
influencing towards growth.
Nature It refers to the execution of decisions
and plans
It refers to making decisions for the
company.
Theory Modern management theory,
management theory of Jeff and Prezi
etc.
Hersey-Blanchard's situational model,
Katz's (three-skills) Approaches etc.
Motivation
channel
It motivates to employees by giving
bonus and incentives (Terina, 2019).
Leaders emotionally motivate and
encourage employees for increases in
their productivity (Terina, 2019).
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