BUS300: An Analysis of Leadership Dynamics at Tesco Corporation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership within Tesco, a major UK grocery retailer. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, exploring how leaders develop through experience and education, and evaluating methods for measuring leadership success. The report then delves into the different types of followership, the relationship between leaders, followers, and the work environment, and the individual contributions of leaders. Further sections examine the impact of values, cultural differences, personality, and intelligence on leadership. The report also distinguishes between power and influence, analyzes motivation, and explores the dynamics of groups, teams, and virtual teams. It assesses how leaders influence follower motivation, satisfaction, and performance, as well as the impact of task interdependence, organizational factors, and the external environment on leadership. Finally, the report critically analyzes rational and emotional approaches to organizational change, concluding with a summary of key findings and a list of references.

THE DYNAMICS OF
LEADERSHIP

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ..................................................................................................................................1
a). Differentiate between leaders and managers........................................................................1
b). Explain how leaders can develop themselves through experience and education.................2
c). Evaluate the methods and techniques used to measure the success of leaders......................2
d). Explain the different types of followership and the role of followers ..................................2
e). The relationship between leaders, followers and the environment in which they work........3
f). Analyse the contribution of leaders as individuals................................................................3
TASK 2 ......................................................................................................................................4
a). Evaluate the concept of values...............................................................................................4
b). Analyse the impact of values on leadership ..........................................................................4
c). Explore the implications of cultural difference on leadership...............................................5
d). Analyse the relationship between personality and leadership...............................................5
e). Analyse how different forms of intelligence influence the behaviour of leaders..................6
f). Distinguish between power and influence..............................................................................6
g). Examine different sources of power .....................................................................................6
h). Critically assess leaders’ motivation to influence and lead others........................................7
TASK 3 ........................................................................................................................................7
A). Differentiate between groups and teams and identify stages of building highly successful
groups and teams.........................................................................................................................7
b). Evaluate leadership as a group and team function.................................................................8
c). Explain how to lead virtual teams .........................................................................................8
d). Assess how leaders influence follower motivation ...............................................................8
e). Assess how leaders influence follower satisfaction ..............................................................9
f). Evaluate the dynamic relationship between motivation, satisfaction and performance.........9
TASK 4 ..........................................................................................................................................9
a).How task interdependence, task structure, job characteristics and changes to these influence
on leaders and followers .............................................................................................................9
b). How organisational factors such as structure, design and culture influence leadership........9

c). The influence of legal, political and economic environment on leadership ......................10
TASK 5 .........................................................................................................................................10
a). Critically analysing the rational approach to organisational change...................................10
b). Critically analysing and evaluating the emotional approach to organisational change.......10
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................12
.........................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is very important concept in every organisation. Leadership is having
different meaning for different person. Leadership refers to handling the groups of people in an
organisation (Van Wart, 2014). There are certain qualities which leaders are having. The role of
leaders are very dynamic as they face different kind situation in their life time. Leadership create
innovative ideas by which problems can be solved in more easy manner. Leaders motivate other
workers and followers to work in dedication manner so that target can be achieved in effective
manner.
The company which is taken for this particular project is Tesco. It is one of the biggest
grocery retailer in UK. The company is having large market share. The main motive of firm is to
provide quality of products in reasonable prices. Tesco is having their business in world wide.
In this report the concept of leadership as been given. Various power which leadership is
having are also describe in this project. The difference between mangers and leaders are discuss
in this assignment (Nohria and Khurana, 2010). Leadership develop themselves by their
education, experiences and other opportunities which they get through out their life. Methods
and tools to measure the leader success has been given.
TASK 1
a). Differentiate between leaders and managers
Leaders and mangers are used interchangeable. But these both are very much different
from each other. Mangers order employees what they need to do. Whether leader encourage
followers to do work in effective manner. The main responsibility of manger is to mange the
task. But leaders see how the task should lead to future success.
Mangers monitor the performance of employees. While leader encourage the team work
and contribute their skills and knowledge to complete work. Leader monitor that person is ready
for new roles and responsibility so they promote them. Manger give the right direction to
employees so that desire goals can be achieved. Manger is bothered about numbers. They ensure
that number of task to be completed in one day. While leader over look whether workers have
nay problem. If they have leader try to solve so that issues do not become big.
1

For example, when any task is given to employees the leader try that the task should be
completed in effective manner. But on the other hand manager wants to complete task on time
without considering the quality.
Difference between leaders and managers:
Basis Managers Leaders
Functions
Manager do not take risk and
carry out their work by
following the daily routine.
They forcefully get the work
done by their subordinates.
Managers have subordinates.
They are the one who take the
risk with a view of reaching at
next level. Leaders influence
the work force to perform well.
They have followers.
Skills
To manage the entire
workplace and overall
functions of business,
managers are required to
should possess effective
managerial and leadership
skills.
Leaders require to possess
good leadership qualities in
order to influence people
towards goals of business.
Working
They formulate policies and
strategies in order to increase
performance of business
Leaders implement policies by
convincing workforce to work
accordingly.
Role They are reactive in nature They are proactive in nature.
b). Explain how leaders can develop themselves through experience and education
Leaders have certain skills and qualities which make them different from other people.
This qualities and traits can be developing throughout their life experience. Leaders need to
develop themselves which the time. Development refers to terms of change and without that
leader cannot solve any problems. Has leader get previous experiences from their job and other
2

initiates activities which he/she took. This gives them lot of exposure of how situations can be
handle.
Leader is also having qualification which gives them concept knowledge which they can
apply on particular problem to get solution. As they are having good knowledge it help them to
attract more followers (Beck and Cowan, 2014). When leader is applying their experiences and
education knowledge it generates confident in their team members by which work can be
completed in effective manner. For example, leader need to make certain plan and policies for
their team in this their experiences and education can be used to form that strategies and
implement them in adequate manner.
Manger need to get some leadership training so that they can understand the emotions of
their employees. Leader also take their whole team with him and complete work by supporting
them. So manager should also have this quality instead of handling workers by order he should
give support to them. There are some of course which are design for leaders such as working in
pairs, using mini leadership projects of less than five minutes, linking leadership with transfer of
learning. These are some of the opportunities which leader can explore. In order to referred as an
effective leader, it is important that same has the required level of skills. The most important
among which is the power of motivating the work force. To get the work done in the most
appropriate manner it is crucial that the leader has the capacity to create a common vision in
enterprise so that everyone work accordingly and does full capacity utilisation of the resources
provided. By working with diverse culture of people, leaders can learn how to bring
collaboration among them. When employees of a company have different background then it
creates difficulties in front of managers and leaders to develop relationship among them. Under
this condition, they adopt different kind of leadership styles and managerial skills to reduce skill
gap and reduce conflicts among them. Thus, it shows the way managers or leaders learn
leadership qualities by own experience.
c). Evaluate the methods and techniques used to measure the success of leaders
Every enterprise wants to motivate their employees in a manner so that their productivity
can be increased. It is very difficult to measure effectiveness of leaders directly. So there are
some of the formal process by which effectiveness can be be measure. Some are the following by
which leader’s efficiency can be measures.
3

 External audit: Company can hire some outside consulting firm to evaluate their
leadership style and process. This consultancy meets employees and supervisor and
communicate with them so that they can gave valuable feedback.
 Business results: By the business results the effectiveness of leader can be measure. If
firm is earning good profits the leaders are doing their job in good manner. If not then
firm need to make changes (Bryman, 2011).
 Customer assessment: Some time company use customer feedback to measure
effectiveness of leaders. By this leader’s ability to create positive environment can be
identifying.
For example, if firm sales are going down and their employee’s productivity is also
decreasing. In this situation enterprise decide to look after the efficiency of their leader. For this
business unit appoint external experts. Who can evaluate the effectiveness of leader?
In general, success of leaders can be determined by feedback of employees. During
appraisal period, managers can ask workers about problems they have faced while working in
company and how leaders help them in completing their assigned duties. In this regard, the
system to get genuine feedback on leadership, an organisation can use 360 degree feedback
system.
d). Explain the different types of followership and the role of followers
Followership refers to a certain role which an individual, group, team play in an
organisation. The study of followership gives better understanding of leadership. There are
certain qualities which followership is having such as commitment, courage, competence and
self-management. This concept states that in order to become good leader, a person needs to be a
follower first. Through this process, they can identify the need of colleagues and customers, their
nature and more. This would help them in adopting effective leadership style as per nature of
followers. Following are the types of followership.
 The sheep: These individual required external motivation by leader. They are passive
in nature. This followership required regular supervision because they lack of
commitment (Ortmeier and Meese, 2010).
 The yes people: These individual never question the decision made by their leaders.
They are very much committed which their leaders.
4

 The pragmatics: They do not stand behind for any controversial and unique ideas.
These individual always remain as background of the groups.
 The aliened: According to Ortmeier and Meese, (2010) these are the individual those
who spread negativity and always question the decision made by leader.
 The star followers: These individual are having positive attitude. They can get
success in their future without presence of leaders. Kark and Shamir, (2013) says that
these type of followers are good for an enterprise as they are loyal towards the
organisation for which it is working and also does full capacity utilisation of the
resources provided to them.
Follower ship is having important roles in terms of leadership. Without followers there is
no role of leadership. By the work of followers leaders success can be determine. So it is very
important for leader to have good followers.
For example, when followers are doing good job the credit goes to their leader but if the
followers are not doing good job it is very difficult for leader to achieve its determine goals.
e). The relationship between leaders, followers and the environment in which they work
As leader and follower are different concept. But they both are depended on each other.
When leader encourage employees it can increase their productivity which tends to give them
success. When followers are doing their job properly it can give success to their leader. The
relationship between leader and followers are like teacher and student.
 The leader has the knowledge and followers need to gain that knowledge therefore it is
important that both of them are present and work in the same environment.
 If there are no followers, there is no existence of leader. In order to lead it is crucial that
there is an availability of followers too who also operate in the same surroundings as only
than the objectives of leaders can be fulfilled.
 Leader earn by giving knowledge, encourage and give training to their followers.
There is different environment in which leaders and followers work. This nature of
business also determines the relation of leader and followers. According to business operation
leader guide their employees and trained them so that they can achieve organisation goals
effectively (Ocker and et. al, 2011). The surroundings for leaders and its followers are all most
same as both work for the same motive and the goals are achieved by linking the followers need
with the goal of the leaders. Along with this, environment in which leaders and followers work
5

also affect relationship among them. If there is a positive atmosphere at workplace and managers
made policies by concerning on benefits of workers, then it will aid to gain cooperation of them
for business success. Under such condition, employees can give high support to managers and
leaders in completing the tasks.
f). Analyse the contribution of leaders as individuals
According to view points of Bolden (2011), it has evaluated that leaders on individual
basis give high contribution in influencing workers towards objectives business objectives.
Following are the ways in which leader contribute as an individual.
 Connector: Leader gives many profits to organisation. Leader focus on their employees,
superiors and clients. Leaders serve their clients and understand their needs. Leader treat
people which respect.
 Implementer: In this leader concentrate on focus on the work. They work and deal with
those people those who work and do things for an organisation. Leaders make sure the
strategy which are made by top management should be properly aligned according to
business goals and targets (Kark and Shamir, 2013.).
 Resolute: this is another contribution which leader make to its company. They focus on
main things and avoid other disruptions. Leaders are facing over burden in their daily
routine. But their skills, ability, confidence help them to solve these problems and give
them particular direction (Collinson, 2011).
 Visionary: This people are having skills of creating new idea and do innovation. Which
help enterprise to bring new solution of every problem. This innovation brings new
opportunities in business.
For example when there is conflicts between employees and because of that productivity
is affected. In that there is large contribution of leader is there. He can understand their problem
and bring solution so that problem can be solved and this can improve relation between
employees.
TASK 2
a). Evaluate the concept of values
Values refer to the importance of something. Value have different meaning for different
people according to various situation. It determine as belief, ethics and ideals share by the people
6

in their cultural. By this they can perceived what is good or bad or them. This concept have
major influence on person attitude and behaviour. Sometimes it may serve the guild lines to the
person to handle certain situation. Every person is having their own values and according to that
they handle and react in particular situation. Values deal with right conduct and good life living.
If the person is having low value for something they considered it as bad. If an individual is
having high values for particular thing they treat as good.
An individual having the values they treat people with respect and dignity. There are
different kind values which a person perceived.
For example, employees are having certain believe and values about their work. If some
changes are required, their values not allow to do particular method and it can bring constraints
for organisation.
b). Analyse the impact of values on leadership
There are different kind of values which leader perceived at their workplace. These
values are integrity, helping, peace of mind, financial stability. Leader develop their core values
throughout their life. This core values set standard for the leader by which they guide their
employees and take actions. These values play a very important role. These values help to set the
directions. By this leader can identify the cultural and according to that mission, vision can be
achieved. This values influence the decision of leaders. If leaders are having positive values they
can take good decision (Bolden, 2011). While values also have negative impact on decision.
Values are also having relation with organisation strategy. Strategy are placed in a
manner so that mission can be achieved. Values may affect the behaviour of leader. According to
this only leader motivate their followers, trained them, encourage team work. If the values of
leader are in negative way they cannot handle the task and their team.
Different values tend to influence the leader while adopting particular theories and styles
of leadership. If there are any conflicts take place while solving that issues according to leader
values he can take decision. There are range of leadership styles which can be adopted by the
different individual like choosing the participative or autocratic leadership. If the leader believes
in giving equal importance to the work force it is found that the leaders believes in giving equal
platform to the employees to grow and hence helps them to develop. On the other hand, having
different values in which self-growth is more important influence a leader to be autocratic as in
this all the powers are confined in single hands.
7

c). Explore the implications of cultural difference on leadership
Cultural have great influence on leadership. As there are different employees from
different cultural background. The leadership need to develop the strategy and leadership style
according so that they can monitor and control their team in effective manner. As the followers
from different cultural have various norms, belief sometime they cannot bale to adopt the
organisational cultural in that sense leader need to motivate and guide them.
As with different cultural even situation may occur can be also different so it is challenge
for leader to face these challenge and find solution which can bring success in an enterprise.
There are different languages used by various people so leader need to communicate with their
employees in a way so that they have clear understanding about task and their roles.
As the organisation culture is changing it can impact on leadership. The process in which
they used to control and encourage their team member can be change. In this way leader need to
make changes in their techniques and methods. In an organisation diversified work force carry
out their operations together which makes it difficult for the leaders to plan common mode of
leading them. Everyone has their own culture which makes their beliefs different and hence it
raises the pressure of understanding the desires of each employee.
d). Analyse the relationship between personality and leadership
Personality refers to the combination of skills and qualities which an individual is having.
Personality influence leadership (Brooks and Normore, 2010). It tells about how leader should
see himself and how they see their team members. This personality gave two side of leader.
When leader is performing good. They show their good side. And another on how they react
when they get some negative comments. The leader shows their behaviour in dark side gives the
idea of their personality. In this darker situation leader relation can be affected with their
employees.
The personality reflects on leadership. An individual develops their personality along
with their ages. There are certain skills and knowledge required for leadership success.
According to person personality they take certain decision and handle the situation. Personality
reflects on leader performance.
For example, a leader is honest about their work and he/she is very punctual about work
deadlines. By this their leadership also can be affected. The trained and motivate their followers
in a way so that task can be completed on time. Leadership is affected by person personality. A
8

person who is confident and has a good representation power is considered as a better leader.
Employees find it easy to trust them and hence considers themselves safe under his leadership.
e). Analyse how different forms of intelligence influence the behaviour of leaders
There is different form of intelligence which influence of behaviour of leaders. There are
main three type intelligence which take into consideration such as higher IQ, emotional
intelligence, social intelligence. Higher IQ reflects that the person is smart enough to take proper
decision (Schein, 2010). This may influence the behaviour high IQ people tends to have positive
attitude towards their work and there are prepared for the challenges which they can face in
future. Emotional intelligence refers knowledge which person have within himself. If leader have
quality to build good relation with other employees in this manner they act in positive manner
and if they are emotional stable leader can communicate with their followers in proper manner.
The last factor is social intelligence. In this leader need to understand social situations and
relations. These three can influence behaviour. Leader need to build strong relation with other
staff members and for that they need to talk with them understand their needs and try to build
relation with them.
As the IQ level of leader is they can understand the upcoming situation and get the clue
that particular situation can take place. In this leader can get prepared for future consequences.
f). Distinguish between power and influence
Power refers to control resources and influence decision. By power the person can gives
the authority. By power person can command to do work in proper manner otherwise do not do
that. When person is applying power to someone they have no choice to change it or deny it.
Power may not generate the respect because in this order has been given to an individual. Power
can be imposed by the high authorities like boss.
While influence refers to ability by which person perception can be alter. In this an
individual create an impact on person so that their mind can be change accordingly. By this an
individual can make the other person wants to do work accordingly. In influence respect the
person and wants do work because they admire them or follow them. In influence person do not
need to hold high authority (Raelin, 2011).
For example leader is having both power as well as influences. As the power is assign to
leader by the organisation he can control the followers and their actions. By the power of leader
he can influence his power in way he wants to work them.
9