Analysis of Leadership and Management Roles, Functions, and Operations

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within Sainsbury's, a leading UK retail company. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, outlining their respective roles and characteristics, and comparing their functions within the organization. The report then explores the roles of leaders and managers in various situational contexts, including conflict resolution and employee turnover, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches such as situational, systems, and contingency leadership. Furthermore, it examines the application of these leadership approaches in different scenarios. The report delves into the key approaches to operations management, highlighting the roles of leaders and managers in these approaches and the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. It also evaluates how leaders and managers improve the efficiency of operational management. Finally, the report discusses the factors impacting organizational management and decision-making, and analyzes factors affecting the business environment and community, concluding with an evaluation of operations management applications and their impact on the business environment.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Overview of the Company...........................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and comparison between leader and manager regarding different roles and
characteristics..............................................................................................................................1
Definition of Leader and Manager...........................................................................................1
M1 Differentiate between the functions of leader and manager..................................................2
LO2..................................................................................................................................................3
P2 Role of leader and manager in different situational context...................................................3
SITUATION 1............................................................................................................................3
M2 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches using within
working environment...................................................................................................................4
P3 Application of leadership approaches in different situations.................................................5
D1 Analysis and Evaluate the theories and approaches to leadership.........................................6
LO3..................................................................................................................................................6
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders & managers in that
approaches...................................................................................................................................6
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives..............8
M3 Evaluation of leaders and managers in improving efficiencies of operational management9
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factors that impact organisational management and decision making by managers.............9
M4 Analysing the factors that affect business environment and community............................11
D2 Evaluate applications of operations management that impact business environment.........11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Overview of the Company
Sainsbury's is a retailing company which is third legarest supermarkets in the United
Kingdom. It is one of the leading company in the retail industry. It was founded by John James
Sainsbury in year 1860. Its headquarters is in London, United Kingdom. It provides its goods and
services only in UK. It has around 1400+ shops in the UK (J Sainsbury PLC (SBRY.L), 2019).
Present report will highlight the differentiation between leadership and manaement. It
will also tell about the roles, functions and theories of leadership and management which is being
used by manager and leader. It will also demonstrate the operation management and leaders &
managers' roles in that management. It will also analysis the relationship between leadership and
management in the organisational context.
LO1
P1 Define and comparison between leader and manager regarding different roles and
characteristics
Definition of Leader and Manager
Leader is a person of organization who try to influence and motivate his employees or
team members in order to achieve their personal as well as organizational goals.
Manager is a person of organization who handle and create the co-ordination between
employees, activities and procedures in order to achieve the organizational goals (Schönsleben,
2016).
Compare of Manager and Leader of Sainsbury's
MANAGER LEADER
Manager is responsible for the managing of
organization, its activities and its aspects.
Leader is responsible for influencing and
motivating human resource of organization.
Manager is responsible for creating objectives
and goals for the organization in order to
enhance its goodwill and profitability.
Leader is responsible for creating vision in
order to guide the employees towards goals
and achieve the organization goals.
Manager is mainly focused on doing things
right in organization.
Leader of Sainbury's is mainly focused on
doing right things.
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Manager avoids risks which can be arise in the
organization. They are considered to be risk
avoidance people (Ravindran, 2016).
Leader accepts the risks and encourage
employees to accept and face the risks. They
are considered to be risk acceptance people.
Manager focuses on the building of process
and systems in order to maintain and create co-
ordination between various activities of
organization.
Leader focuses on the building on relationship
with his employees or team members in order
to motivate and influence them for the better
performance.
Manager work on existing guidelines make by
Sainsbury's.
Leader work on innovative guidelines. Thus,
leaders are innovative.
Manager is generally considered as Autocratic
in Organization.
In Sainsbury's Leader is generally considered
as Democratic.
Manager does set a good example for
motivating the Sainbury's employees.
Leader does lead and present example for
motivating employees of Sainsbury's company.
M1 Differentiate between the functions of leader and manager
Sainsbury's Leader's functions are as follows -
Functions of Leaders in Sainsbury's are as follows -
Motivating
The main function of leader is to motivate the employees of Sainsbury's company in
order to bring new ideas and communicate the ideas with each other. Leader also motivate
employees for the better performance which lead them to achieve their personal as well as
organizational goals (Kapadia, Dong and Yang, 2018).
For example – Leader of the company organize every year a recognition and award function in
order to motivate employees to do better work.
Policy Making
Leader's foremost function is to make policy for the organization for the smooth running
of their team members' work. Leader also creates vision for the organization so that employees
can get to know that what organization want and how to achieve them.
For example – Leader with the help of top management team and board of directors make
employees grievance policy in order to prevent organization from conflict.
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Problem Solving
Leader adopts different leadership style which encourage his/her team members' to solve
the problems by own. Some problems are expected while another problems are unexpected. In
solving problem, leader guides and helps employees to solve the problems.
For example - Leader helps employees to understand the technological issues and how to solve
that issues.
Building Relationship
For the maintenance of good working environment in the organization, Leader focuses on
the building relationship between tow or more employees & employees and himself/herself. This
helps employees to understand each other and co-ordinate with each other.
For example - Leader organizes various cultural and entertainment events for bringing
employees in one root in order to build relationships.
Sainsbury's Manager's functions are as follows -
Functions of Manager in Sainsbury's are as follows -
Planning
Manager's main function is to plan the activities, strategies and paths in order to achieve
the organizational goals. For the planning, he analysis various theories, approaches, ways and
methods and accordingly he makes plans for achievement of organizational goals (Heizer and
et.al., 2017).
Organizing
Manager is the one who organized (managed) team, employees, departments and
materials in order to execute the plan. Here co-ordination is the main elements of this function.
Staffing
Manager is the one who hire, trained and assign the tasks to his employees according to
their qualification, experience and capabilities. He has to make sure that right people must be
hire for the right job at the right time.
Directing
Here, it is significance function of manager. Manager has to do lead or direct his
employees for the completion of tasks which manager assign to the employees of the
Sainsbury's.
Controlling
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After planning, hiring and allocating the tasks to employees, it is manager's duty to
monitor the performance of employees and in case he finds any kind of deviation in the
performance, he tries to control it and remove it (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
LO2
P2 Role of leader and manager in different situational context
SITUATION 1
There is a conflict occur between two employees of Sainsbury's.
In this situation, manager and leader of Sainsbury's can do following roles which are mentioning
below -
Manager and leader can talk to those two employees in privately in order to get to know
about the whole situations occur in the Sainsbury's Company. While talking with them, they
shouldn't discriminate between any of them.
Manager and leader of the company can analysis the situation and impact of that situation
on the employees' behavior. While doing analysis, they also should takes measurements for the
mitigating the negative impact of the situations on the Sainsbury's.
Manager and leader can make decisions regarding solving the conflicts and comes up
with solutions which is beneficial for both parties. But for that manager and leader should make
sure that everyone must be satisfied with the solution of the conflict (Chiarini and Vagnoni,
2015).
SITUATION 2
There is a high turnover of employees in the organization due to bad working
environment and lack of communication between them.
In this situation, Manager and leader of Sainsbury's can do following roles which are mentioning
below -
Leader and manager can change the communication system and implement the open
communication system in the organization so that there can be co-ordination between employees
and they would create good working environment by understanding and respecting each other
which lead turnover ratio to be reduce in Sainsbury's Company.
Leader and manager can organize various cultural, sports and entertainment events which
brings employees close. This will make employees good and happy.
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Leader and manager can analysis the reason behind the lack of communication and bad
working environment at Sainsbury's which lead both of them to remove the reasons behind such
situation and focus on the satisfaction level of employees of the Company.
M2 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches using within
working environment
There are various leadership approaches applying within the working environment of
Sainsbury's (Saucedo-Martínez and et.al., 2018). These approaches are as follows -
Situational Leadership Approach
In this approach, leader and manager of the company change their leadership and
managerial style according to the situation arise in the organization.
Strength – It leads organization to become flexible where employees are happy and satisfied.
Weakness – Sometimes, leader and manager adopt those style which can be correct according to
the situation but not correct for the culture and system used in the organization.
Systems Leadership Approach
In this approach, leader and manager of the company create conditions where employees
have to work productivity and put their 100% efforts.
Strength – It encourages co-ordination between every aspects of the organization which improve
the activities and completion of tasks on time.
Weakness – It creates dependency which is not beneficial for the organization all the time as
leader will available in the organization, it is not possible.
Contingency Leadership Approach
In this approach, management and leadership effectiveness are depending upon the
managerial and leadership styles at right situation which are being adopted by the manager and
leader of the organization (Reid and Sanders, 2015).
Strength – This approach is quite popular and being adopted by various leaders and managers in
the organizations. Because it helps in improving the performance of employees which in turn
improve the overall performance of the organization.
Weakness – This approach is failed to explained about which leadership style is effective in
which situation arise in the organization. Because every leadership style has its own pros and
cons which lead the situations to be react in different ways.
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P3 Application of leadership approaches in different situations
Situational Leadership Approach
Sainsbury's is all set to bring new technology in the organization which lead some
employees to react negatively towards change and some employees to do positive react. Here in
the organization, 2 situations arise -
In situation A, employees are doing opposition of new technology.
In situation B, employees are doing supporting new technology.
This situation is created by the industry, organizational management team and board of
directors.
For this instance, at the time of technological advancement within the company, this
situation brings lot of changes (Hitt, Xu and Carnes, 2016). Leader and manager will adopt the
democratic leadership style for those employees who keep negative view towards this change, on
the flip side, they will adopt coaching leadership style for those employees who are supporting
and accepting the change in the organization.
Systems Leadership Approach
Sainsbury's top management teams and board of directors has decided to change the
policy of organization which leads to change in the working style of employees, employers,
managers and leaders. Also, BODs and top management team wants to achieve higher sales
target as compared to previous one.
According to this situation, manager and leader will have to change their strategies and
plans while keeping employees' capabilities and objectives of the organization in the mind.
Accordingly, they will assign their tasks to the employees and along with that they will
implement performance appraisal system in which they do analysis and measure the performance
of their employees. Like this, manager and leader will create situations for the employees and
employees have to do their work with fully efforts in order to successfully implement the new
policy, achieve the organizational goals and improve their performance standards (Khanna,
2015).
Contingency Leadership Approach
In Sainsbury's there is suddenly occurrence of conflicts between 2 departments which
impact the activities of organization.
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According to this example, manager and leader will talk to the departmental employees,
managers and supervisors and try to know about the reason behind this conflict. They will
analysis the situation and accordingly propose the solutions. Along with that, they can use
participative management and leadership style so that both parties have the chance to keep their
point and accordingly both leader and manager can take final decision which must be acceptable
by all.
D1 Analysis and Evaluate the theories and approaches to leadership
There are various leadership theories and approaches which is being used by the
Sainsbury's leaders at different times. Leaders can create their own theories and approaches and
theories which can be accurate for the current situation. It doesn't always compulsory for them to
follow existing theories and approaches. There are various situations arise in the organisation
which can be predictable and unpredictable. Thus, leaders should be prepare for the different
kinds of situations and accordingly face the situations with the appropriate approaches. These
theories and approaches help leaders to follow right path and give leaders a guidance path
through which he can work properly (Schönsleben, 2016).
LO3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders & managers in that approaches
Operations Management
Operations management refers to the aspect or area of organization who deals with the
designing & production of goods and services, conversion of raw materials into finished goods
through the efforts of labour and maintain the standards of production and efficiencies within the
company.
Key Approaches to operations management of Sainsbury's and roles of leader and
manager of Sainsbury's
Total Quality Management
It is an approach of operations management in which company deals with the quality
improvement, control and maintenance for the production of goods and services.
Role of manager of Sainsbury's in quality management is that to provide various quality
management training to the employees. Role of leader in quality management is to encourage
employees for doing maintain quality during production at the right way so that quality can't be
degraded (Ravindran, 2016).
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Just In Time
Just in Time is an Inventory Management which refers to the management of raw
materials, work-in-progress and finished goods in order to mitigate the gap between the demand
and supply of goods and services of the company.
In management of inventory in the company, manager plays an important role. Manager
has to manage the flow of inventories in order to maintain the supply of products of Sainsbury's
on time. Leader do encourage and invite employees to think out of box in order to reduce the
costs of inventories and increase the optimum usage of inventories (Kapadia, Dong and Yang,
2018).
Six Sigma
It refers to the system where all the techniques and tools are set by the organisation in
order to improve the process and procedures.
Manager and leader of the company provide training regarding six sigma techniques and
tools which improves the performance of organisation.
Lean Production
It refers to the production techniques in which company is focusing on the reduction of
production costs without making any kind of compromise in production of products and services.
The role of manager and leader of the Sainsbury's Company is to provide training and
knowledge regarding production. Also, they encourage employees to think some creative ideas.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operations management is the fundamental and most important part of any organization
and when the organization is big like Sainsbury, it is of utmost importance. It leads the company
in achieving success and business objectives. It is the area of management which deals with
goods and services creation for the company. The operations management can be defined as set
of activities that transforms inputs into outputs. It is the heart of Sainsbury as it controls whole
operation system in the organization. In Sainsbury, it handles issues like design, operation,
maintenance and improvement of system to produce efficient product and services. With the help
of operations management, the company can make good use of human resources, inputs etc as
required in the process of making products. It helps Sainsbury in maximizing its profit was well
as shareholders through its various activities (Reid, 2015). Organization makes good use of its
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product and services management with the help of operations management. It also leads to
quality management. The company is concerned about the products which are manufactured for
the customers in the market and it is really important to have efficient operations management in
order to have quality management as it leads to continuous improvement in taste and preference
of the customers.
The importance and value of operation management in Sainsbury :
Supporting strategy of company - The role of the process of operations management in
the company is to support strategies that are developed by BOD of Sainsbury. The work of
operations management is to come up with sufficient resources which will make it possible for
the company’s strategies at the end of every operation (Kallio, 2015). The work of operations
management ensures the most sustainable production processes which ensures maximum cost
cutting according to the strategies in Sainsbury.
Product positioning - The work of the operations management is to ensure that the final
product which will be introduced in the market for the consumers need to be the best option
among many other products. Sainsbury sells the same products as Tesco yet make it look
different to attract more customers. The operations management ensure more unique product
with better quality, prices make it possible for the company to make more profits.
Product differentiation for varying demands of customer - The process of operations
management makes sure that the business focuses on demands of different customers. Sainsbury
is the major retailer which deals in multiple products and target many categories of consumers as
effectively as possible. The operation team for that purpose is responsible for the management of
production processes to reaching the products to the customers.
Interdepartmental integration - The availability of an operations management makes it
possible for the business to integrate various departments and comes up with the strategy that
ensure that the various departments of Sainsbury knows their role towards achieving the goal of
the company (Hedger, 2016). The manager of the company divides work among various
departments and without efficient operation management, it gets difficult for departments of
Sainsbury to contribute in various roles during the process involved. This makes the operations
management an important and valuable tool which helps in avoiding conflicts and saving time in
the process of product development.
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M3 Evaluation of leaders and managers in improving efficiencies of operational management
The managers and leaders need to ensure that they follow the basic code of conduct for
doing business and need not promote their product in a false manner to mislead
and misguide the customers as it is against the ethical business policy. In the
operations Management Department of Sainsbury, the manager or the leader
of the operations management need to make sure that the all the factors related to
operations management are followed in an ethical manner.
Leaders and managers need to follow the policies of intrapreneurship to
Implement new policies which can lead to increase in efficiency of operational management.. It
will help Sainsbury in promoting growth, helps in developing various innovative products,
make more profit and increase customer base., It will also be responsible to
Develop spirit of leadership within the organization among the
employees which will help in succession planning. Lastly, it will help in changing the approach
of the Sainsbury in case of any new situation.
LO 4
P6 Factors that impact organisational management and decision making by managers
The business environment of Sainsbury gets affected by a number of external factors that
affects the operations of the business and also the decision making by managers of the
organization. Therefore, it is very important for Sainsbury to identify the impacts of the external
factors on the business environment so that it can adopt appropriate strategies to reduce the
impacts of the external factors on the operations of the business and also in the decision making
part of the company. Stakeholders analysis of Sainsbury :
Customers – The customers want company to improve and give them value I every
product they buy from Sainsbury. The customer wants company to buy high quality products for
them therefore customers are the main stakeholders of the company because without them
company cannot achieve its aim.
Suppliers – these stakeholders influence purpose of Sainsbury as supplier need quick
payment and fast orders. They work for the company who respect them and value them. In case
of Sainsbury the suppliers get quick orders and yet stay happy with the company.
Employees – Employees of the company expect Sainsbury to give them salary as well as
benefits. The employees like to get associated with the company which gives them proper
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