Organizational Behavior Report: Leadership, Structure, and Culture

This report delves into the intricacies of organizational behavior, examining various organizational structures, including divisional, centralized, and decentralized models, exemplified by companies like Hindustan Unilever, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (UK), and Xerox. It explores the relationship between organizational structure and culture, highlighting the impacts of centralized and decentralized structures on decision-making, employee motivation, and conflict resolution. The report further analyzes factors influencing individual behavior in the workplace, such as self-image, ability, aptitude, behavioral problems, and personality traits, and how these elements affect employee actions. Additionally, it compares the effectiveness of different leadership styles, including autocratic, democratic, and strategic approaches, within diverse organizational settings. Finally, it examines organizational theories and management approaches, emphasizing the role of human relations and scientific management, as well as empirical, group behavior, and cooperative social system approaches to management.

Organisation Behaviour

TASK 1
Organizational structures and cultures :
I) Hindustan Uni-lever
It is a multinational company which have the divisional type of
organisational structure
Various types of different divisions are made according to the
type of responsibility and role
Follows the task culture type in which teams approaches are
used to complete the tasks.

ii) Department of culture, media and sport
his is a government department in UK which adopts the
centralisation type of organizational structure
The head office retains the major powers and
responsibilities
The role culture in which department splits into many
functional sections and each individual have the particular
responsibility

iii) Xerox
Recognized as a leader in world of document technology
Organization have the decentralization type of organizational
structure
Its working culture is more friendly because it allows the
employees to work even from
Firm have the person type of organizational culture.

Relationship between an organization's structure and
culture
I) Centralised organisational structure with a power culture-
Decision making process is concentrated by only higher
manager without making interaction with lower level
employees
Decisions and strategies are executed in fast manner
Higher manager have the only power so, it also reduces the
conflicts.

(ii) Decentralised organisational structure with culture of
support and trust-
Process of decision making distributes in hierarchy of firm
With the help of this type of structure employees feel them
as an important part of organization.
Employee's motivation towards their work and trust towards
the organization also increases.

(iii) Product-based organisational structure with task culture,
as in Innov8-
Employees and work are effectively managed according to
different type of products.
The performance of business increases because to complete
the tasks on time various project team are formed.

Factors influence individual's behaviour at workplace
Self and self-image-
This factor describes that how an individual see
themselves in organization and according to that their
behaviour also influences. For example, if employee see
themselves as a dedicated and confident person then
on this basic employee will effectively accomplish their
tasks.

Ability and aptitude-
This factor describes the skills and knowledge of
employee. Presence of both these factors allows the
employee to act in manner that they are able to take the
decisions in effective way. Ex, employees thinks that
they have the capacity and knowledge to accomplish
the specific task then according to that they will act in
front of senior employees.

Behavioural problems- The behavioural problems like
bad attitude, anxiety and aggressiveness influence the
behaviour. On this basis, employee responds in
favourably and unfavourably according to the situation.
Personality and work behaviour- Personality of
employee like friendly in nature or having the influencing
power also influence the behaviour. Ex, marketing
manager have the influencing nature and according to
this manager handle the queries of customer in positive
manner.

Traits and types- The types of personality traits are
type-A behaviour, locus of control, machiavellianism and
self-monitoring. Employees ave the control sense over
life and have the urgency to complete work. These four
types influence the employees to act and behave.

TASK 2
a)Compare the effectiveness of three leadership styles in
different organisations
Opportunist- According to autocratic leadership style, the leaders
of Innov8 adopts this style. On the basis of this style, leaders
makes the decisions without considering the sub ordinates in team
or departments. The leaders have the various opportunities
because they are only responsible for the result of decisions.

Achiever- The managers of Mark and Spencer are the type of
democratic leaders because they involve their sub level of
fashion designers to share their ideas and suggestions. The
innovative and creative idea may comes from sub ordinates
which could be beneficial for organization.
Strategist- The strategist type of manager handles the conflict
situations in more effective and comfortable way. They make the
effective strategies focusable on vision and logics.

Organisational theory underpins / provides the
basis for the practice of management
Organizational theories mainly represents the structure and behaviour patter
of organization which they used to maximize efficiency and solve the
problems.
The human relation approach mainly focus to develop the both health and
resourceful relationship among all level of employees. However, scientific
management approach uses the practical approaches methods to attain the
specification by completing the tasks in systematic manner
The managerial roles like decisional, interpersonal and informational skills
influence the management practices by giving impact on the performance
level of others

 Approaches to management
Empirical approach- With the help of various cases, the managers
tries to understand the concept about management principles. The
manager identifies the situations where firm have failed or
succeed.
Group behaviour approach-It is based on both social psychology
and sociology and it focuses on the behaviour of employees in
team. The manager considered the planning, controlling and
staffing methods.
Cooperative social system approach- This approach concern about
the system of cooperation by using the both type aspects such as
interpersonal and group behavioural.

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