Analysis of Leadership Styles in Organizational Behavior

The analysis focuses on different leadership paradigms including transformational, transactional, and situational leadership as detailed in various studies such as Fernet et al. (2015) and Miner (2015). Transformational leadership is highlighted for its role in fostering optimal functioning within organizations by enhancing job characteristics and motivation among employees. In contrast, transactional leadership's influence on reward structures and management development is explored through the perspectives of McCleskey (2014) and Lepper & Greene (2015). The assignment also examines how these styles impact philanthropic activities, drawing from insights in the works of Raymond (2004) and Sethuraman & Suresh (2014), which discuss evolving trends in modern philanthropy. Through a synthesis of these studies, students are expected to articulate an integrated understanding of leadership's role in both organizational effectiveness and societal contributions via philanthropic endeavors.

Philanthropy Case Study 1
PHILANTHROPY CASE STUDY
Name
The Name of the Class
Professor
The Name of the School
The City and State where it is located

Philanthropy Case Study 2
Executive Summary
The paper examines the case study and the issues discussed therein to answer the questions
stated underneath. The focus is placed on the philanthropy acts by Carlos and the extent to which
they have supported or related to the success of his business. Several issues are discussed ranging
from the case illustration and the explanation of the fact that justifies the responses given.
Further, the paper explores the leadership styles expressed in the case study and different forms
used by Carlos Slim. The understanding toward the several approached explored is outlined
about the practice of management. Thirdly, it looks into the motivation in place for the
employees to follow a leader. Here, it looks at the examples in the case to provide a correlation
and develop an understanding of the connection to the business empires developed. Lastly, it
looks at the different powers enjoyed by Slim and their respective sources as well as the extent to
which they assist or are used by the businessman.

Philanthropy Case Study 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1
ETHICAL ASPECT OF PHILANTHROPY...............................................................................4
Part 2
LEADERSHIP STYLES..............................................................................................................6
Part 3
MOTIVATION.............................................................................................................................7
Part 4
TYPES OF POWER......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................12

Philanthropy Case Study 4
Question 1(philanthropy)
Slim explored a different type of philanthropy which helped individuals while at the same
time making oneself productive in the business empire. The design of philanthropy examined not
only focused on enriching and bettering the lives of people, but also stretched to the continuation
of his business through the same acts of welfare (Raymond 2004). The billionaire’s giving
revolved around his leadership style which placed a focus to the mix of well-being and
enterprise. For instance, he decided to support the internet service provider company belonging
to his son in law which reported very little subscribers due to the small ownership of computers
at the time in the country.
In this respect, he developed a scheme that enabled individuals on low wages, who
formed a majority of the population to own computers, whose payment was made alongside their
telephone bills in two-year duration. Eventually, in ten years, the company became the largest
seller of computers with a record of 3000 sales a day being recorded. While the initiative to
develop the scheme of upgrading the welfare of the low-wage income earners was noble and
philanthropic, it did not go without rendering profits to both the internet service provider
company and Slim’s company that sold the computers in high numbers.
At the same time, Slim rewards his employees through education, training, and
development by supporting them financially towards the desired goals in life. However, the kind
of philanthropy is a two-edged one in the sense that the education and training offered returns to
the benefit of his business empire through increased performance. The training and education
assist the workers in dealing with the daily issues at the workplace and the use of technology in
boosting success while minimizing losses in business (Ohman, Douglas, Dean and Ginsburg
2016). The money spent out to the events becomes a benefit to his business.

Philanthropy Case Study 5
Moreover, Slim as a collector of the largest number of artifacts in the nation decided to
set up a museum to benefit the population through the support in art and historical safeguard. In
this act of philanthropy where people could learn about the previous and present-day art, he
stands to benefit since, at some point, the facility would receive funds collected from revenues
by those visiting the site or using it for research purposes. In every way, he intends to assist the
society but remains in constant benefit from the scenario apart from the usual marketing and
creation of a good image for his business model.
Ethical Aspect of the Philanthropy
Philanthropy refers to the act of giving focused on eliminating social problems through
the support of issues such as the creation of libraries, supporting scientific research, and building
museums. Generally, it points to the love for humankind and deals with the prevention and
solving of social problems (Osella, Stirrat, and Widger 2015). In this respect, the acts done by
Slim remain largely ethical as they do not contravene the right perception and change
experienced by the recipients. Ethics refers to the right or wrong thought or act conducted by
individuals.
In this case, the kind acts remain good as they positively touch the lives of the people in
different areas of the nation and economy. Slim’s line of assistance does not fall primarily in the
charity sector but focuses on the philanthropic acts, where any of these would point to the benefit
of communities. The fact that he benefits from the actions does not make him any less ethical.
Instead, his line of thought and practice goes beyond charity as he teaches people to find easier
means to social problems rather than acting on the already occurring issues (Hay and Muller
2014). Thus, his acts are ethical and justifiably so according to his line of thought on assistance
despite him benefitting from the same.

Philanthropy Case Study 6
Question 2 (Leadership Styles)
Carlos Slim is associated with some leadership styles which have been used to span
success for the companies. In his leadership endeavors, he uses styles such as task-oriented,
people-oriented, and transactional leadership styles in others. All these approaches are relevant
and applicable to the several organizations where he transacts his business. The task-oriented
leadership focuses on the completion of a job through emphasizing on the plans, structures, and
schedules within which a given task is to be done (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). Here, it relates
to the activities of prioritizing goals, task review, setting and following schedules, and reviewing
a task process.
Selling Type
The leadership style is effective towards understanding and driving success in his
organization. In doing so, he becomes proactive in modernizing his operations such as in the
telecommunications sector to reap from a large population as well as in the selling of computers
alongside the telephone bills over the two-year period. At the same time, it calls for the
involvement of employees and the managers in giving the opinion and setting the pace in
steering changes within a work process (McCleskey 2014). In the long run, the focus on work
processes bears fruits through increased profits and cut down on the cost of production.
Participative Type
A people-oriented approach is another style associated with Slim’s leadership. People,
oriented leadership is a style which energizes employees, makes them feel appreciated, and
prepares them adequately towards a given task. The style focuses on empowering workers to
better their skills, understand processes, and experience a simplified manner in which they
perform tasks. Slim in his leadership manner undertakes the style by supporting workers in the

Philanthropy Case Study 7
companies through education opportunities, training of skills and new information while
developing them career-wise to meet the demands of a workplace (Donate and de Pablo 2015).
Moreover, he prioritizes the spirit of teamwork and group ethics towards the collective goodwill
of the company. As such, it becomes effective for the workers to carry out tasks and prepare
them for promotion activities given the new skills and training acquired. Therefore, he
recognizes the value of human capital and uses the same to channel profits to his company.
Telling Type
Furthermore, Slim is characterized by the transactional leadership style in his
management. Transactional leadership is one that focuses on organization, supervision, and
performance at work where the leaders remain responsible for the compliance from the
followers. Slim allows his workers to become decision makers towards change but ensures that
the changes instituted adhere to the overall goals of the organization.
At the same time, he provides he sells the ideas of a business to the employees in such a
way that they understand and run with the vision towards success. Rahbar, Zare and Akbarian
Bafghi (2016) agree that in this respect, he divides the powers among the employees but stays
close watching the businesses just in case they deviate from the intended purposes. Therefore,
the three leadership styles are evident in his companies and the way he handles the tasks, people,
and overall supervision of the functions occurring therein (Pavlovic 2014). The approaches used
all enhance understanding towards the use of leadership and the changes that have led to his
overall success in different sectors of the economy.
Question 3 (Motivation)
Motivation is a special attribute among workers, which drives the productivity levels
occurring in organizations. A motivated lot of employees would respond positively towards work

Philanthropy Case Study 8
and register success through performance. In many ways, Carlos motivates the workers towards
production by ensuring career development and proper working standards. The billionaire
accords workers with education, training, and development opportunities which make employees
strive more (Olafsen, Halvari, Forest and Deci 2015). Workers who receive further education
enhance their skills grow their capability and experience thus reduces the amount of employee
turnover in organizations. As a result, it bolsters performance while creating a good reputation
for a firm to the workers. At the same time, it reduces the worker complaint thus staying within
the limits of the law.
The need theory according to Maslow hierarchy of needs is seen at work in the case.
Need theory tends to satisfy the hunger and thirst which is done with the employment act.
Secondly, the aspect of respect, security, and friendship is motivated by teamwork, job security,
and allowing employees to contribute to decision-making in their diverse workplaces (Pandey
2016). The incentives given to the workers as observed in the case of computers which were
eventually deducted assists workers, who form part of the consumer market to develop socially
and technologically. Fernet, Trépanier, Austin, Gagné, and Forest (2015) suggest that such
offering boost and assist in retaining the good minds coupled with a reputable salary for the
workers.
At the same time, introducing machine and technology in production assists in easing
tasks and thus making the process of work simplified. Employees working in such organizations
tend to remain effective and loyal to their employers. The Herzberg’s theory of motivation
comes into play in the scenario based on the presence or absence of dissatisfaction. Dissatisfied
employees would not be motivated to work. In the case of the firm, there are features to
motivation and upgrading of self-esteem through the proper communication, handling, and

Philanthropy Case Study 9
development factors which boost employee morale (Nuttin 2014). The practice of allowing the
managers and workers to initiate change assists in drawing loyalty and adherence to standards
and regulations while increasing productivity.
Slim is characterized with communicating his guiding principles in a way that motivates
and solves problems within the organization. Establishing a good rapport and relationship
between workers and employers sets a foundation for development and adherence to the vision
and mission of organizations. Employees allowed to participate in decision-making are twice
more likely to remain and follow a leader given that they work according to the terms set in
consultation. The leadership style allows for cohesion and teamwork which assists in
development. Employees who receive the freedom of sharing ideas not only with them but also
with the employers are more likely to follow a leader and the vision shared therein (Miner 2015).
In this case, the handling and prioritization of workers in the workplace make them follow Slim
and his principles towards production.
Question 4
Power is a requisite factor towards the success of businesses in the corporate and political
world. Having a significant influence in the market, sufficient to alter or control given policies to
favor a specific company remains instrumental to success. Power, to some extent, is related to
influence in that it calls for a command between followers (Nahavandi 2016). Power comes from
varied sources in the organization and is meant to exert significant pressure on the needed
changes.
Legitimate Power
Legal power is one evident in the case where the power is derived from a position of
authority held by Mr. Carlos Slim. The power assists him in enforcing standards and distributing

Philanthropy Case Study 10
resources in the organizations he leads actually. As seen in the case, he allows the managers
some duties while restricting some to himself. The ability comes only through the legitimate
power he enjoys in the jurisdiction.
Coercive Power
At the same time, he possesses coercive power which is bestowed on individuals through
fear. As the proprietor of companies that support a significant part of the GDP in the country of
Mexico, people in the top government management fear him as well as in the respective
organizations where he yields power. Individuals in the said groups follow whatever he says due
to the fear of being demoted, suspended, or fired. In this case, employees comprehend that some
privileges might be held back if the standards set are not adhered to, and, thus, have to live up to
the task (Gregoire and Arendt 2014). The kind of power, therefore, comes from the fear of the
position one holds. The kind of power is essential in ensuring that all things are done in
organizations as per the expectations set in different areas. At the same time, the control is
important in maintaining the considerable market he enjoys and monopoly of working with the
government towards growth.
Reward Power
The power comes from the ability to render or give rewards to a manager or a leader. The
fact that one can give funds or initiate a particular project based on wish yields the power. In the
case study, the power is evident and is used carefully to yield positive rewards to the business.
Slim derives the power from the privilege he enjoys as the proprietor of the several companies
mentioned therein. In this case, he reserves the right to fire and hire, promote or demote, review
upward or downward, and draw attention to other organizations (Read and Shapiro 2014). At the
same time, given his wealth and significant contribution to the philanthropy, he holds a certain

Philanthropy Case Study 11
respect and power to the government in that he can influence a decision to go his way. Power, in
this case, can be used to ensure things go in the desired way in organizations and that managers
carry out the schedules according to plan and vision of the company (Northouse 2015). At the
same time, the powers are used in winning key bids in the government tenders and maintaining a
constant monopoly within some sectors of the economy.
The powers bestowed upon him are all out of merit and emanating from different sources
within the organization and the nation. The financial wealth he has makes him command several
aspects in the government which all act in favor of his business. Thus, power is earned and can
be used to influence several aspects as observed in the case. Slim’s decision to boost or give
towards a certain cause might assist the government and other entities, thus illustrating the power
he has and the reward factor he possesses (Haller and Hogg 2014). Therefore, power can be
equated to influence, since the two go hand in hand.
Conclusion
The report comprehensively looks into the key issues in the case study and comes up with
distinct responses to the same. The personal philanthropy of Carlos has successfully been linked
to his business, where necessary justification has been given to prove the ethical aspect of it. At
the same time, it has been able to identify and offer an explanation to the leadership styles
associated with Carlos and the key issues essential in understanding his approaches in different
circumstances. The issues touching on the motivation factor on employees have been carefully
examined leaving no doubt on their practicability in the case study and also in the present day
workplaces. Finally, the powers enjoyed have been explained and illustrated from the case thus
giving a concrete insight into the case.

Philanthropy Case Study 12
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