Leadership and Effecting Change in Public Health: Rowitz's Framework

This report delves into the multifaceted aspects of leadership within the public health sector, utilizing Rowitz's six levels of leadership as a foundational framework. It meticulously examines the critical relationships between leadership, power, ethics, and values at team, agency, and professional levels, highlighting strategies for fostering collaboration, empowerment, and effective change management within healthcare teams and organizations. The report further explores principles of effective governance and accountability, essential for the successful operation of public health agencies. It differentiates between agency and team leadership, analyzes the significance of leadership at the professional level, and assesses leadership strategies for driving organizational change. By investigating these dimensions, the report provides a comprehensive understanding of how effective leadership contributes to improved patient care and the overall success of health facilities. The report also emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations and value-based changes in healthcare settings and provides a framework for navigating the complexities of leadership in the public health domain.

Running head: LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 1
Leadership and Effecting Change in Public Health
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Team Level......................................................................................................................................3
The Relationship between Leadership, Power, Ethics, and Values.............................................3
Strategies to facilitate Collaboration and empowerment of others with individuals and teams. .4
Change Management Strategies with Teams and Individuals.....................................................5
Principles of effective governance including accountability in the organization........................6
Agency Leadership..........................................................................................................................7
The relationship among Leadership, Power, Ethics, and Values.................................................7
Difference between Agency and Team Leadership.....................................................................8
Leadership at Professional Level...................................................................................................10
The relationship among Leadership, power, ethics, and values.................................................10
Variations in the relationships from the first four Rowitz’s Leadership levels.............................12
Leadership Strategy for effective management change on the Professional level.....................13
Rowitz’s sixth level of leadership..................................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 3
Introduction
A good leadership aids the development and success of any given institution. The health
department is not left behind. When enshrined adequately at health facilities, the proper
leadership qualities contribute to better medical attention to the patients. Additionally, adequate
leadership ensures the immense success of a given health facility. A recent study on the essence
of quality leadership in the context of medical sector reveals its importance. This paper looks at
the six levels of leadership by Rowitz. The standards include Personal, Team, Community,
Professional, and Communication levels. Essential determinants that categorize the steps include
ethical principles, moral values, Leadership among others. Furthermore, the article looks at the
relationship between the levels.
Team Level
The Relationship between Leadership, Power, Ethics, and Values
In leadership terms, power is the act in which a single individual has excessive authority.
The individual in control can assign responsibility and duty to the people under them. People
should look at power as the capability of influencing junior colleagues (Aarons, Ehrhart,
Farahnak & Hurlburt, 2015). Ethical leadership is the kind that obeys acceptable ethical theories,
principles, and concepts. Before choosing a leader, members of a given team should look at an
individual of unquestionable moral values. The noble leader should urge the health practitioners
to treat patients according to ethical principles.
A relationship exists between leadership, ethics, power, and values. A proper
understanding of these aspects positively impacts the provision of medical attention. A good
leader exercise power wisely. The exercise of excessive influence on the physicians by their
team leaders put undue pressure on them. Thus, the excess energy affects their service delivery.

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 4
Additionally, the leader should practice ethical principles. The moral pillars include respect for
Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, and justice (Busse, Aboneh & Tefera, 2014). A noble
master is an excellent example to the employees who in turn observe ethics in all their
endeavors. Therefore, the leadership of health facilities should see ethical principles as the
clinicians are likely to follow suit.
An individual in a leadership position should urge the physicians to observe the cultural
values. Furthermore, the health practitioners should respect the benefits, which most people
subscribe to and are using. Moreover, physicians should improve their profits. Rowitz insists that
a good leader should encourage the health practitioners to prioritize the concern of the patients
(Brownson, Deshpande & Gillespie, 2017). Additionally, the leader should respect every
physician. The leader should treat the physicians in a just and a fairway. Furthermore, the leader
should adequately coordinate all the members of the team (Cancedda et al., 2015). Every group
members should understand their duties in line with the objectives of the health facility.
Strategies to facilitate Collaboration and empowerment of others with individuals and teams
A good leader enables the members of the group to realize their full potentials. The
exemplary results by a hospital at most times emanate from good leadership. A majority of
Australian health facilities put much emphasis on the development of sound leadership fronts.
Since, proper stewardship leads to appropriate service delivery (Day et al., 2014). Exemplary
service delivery meets the expectation of a significant number of patients. Healthcare leaders
look after healthcare teams (Fernandez, Noble, Jensen & Steffen, 2015). Therefore, the success
of a team needs a good understanding of the team members and their leader. Additionally, the
leader must motivate members to work harder to realize the goals of the health facility.

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 5
Changes base themselves on values are very critical in the ministry of health. The
transitions issue a more significant consideration of the management of treatment administration.
Furthermore, the changes in the physician's values improve the kind of services that they offer to
the patients. The changes in values transform the provision of Care from a physician focused
model to patient-centered care (Hutchinson & Jackson, 2015). The attainment of value changes
among medical practitioners is a complicated undertaking. Elaborate planning and procedure
must take center stage to exceptional tune physicians to embrace the transitions (Jadhav,
Holsinger, Anderson & Homant, 2017). In most scenarios, a change in values succeeds the
improvement of treatment parameters by health facilities.
A team leader who can manage the team properly can enforce the spirit of empowerment
and collaboration among the team members. The team leader should delegate duties to the
members according to the capabilities of the members (Kearney et al., 2018). Once group
members face tasks that suit their strengths, they feel comfortable. Group members should
actively participate in making decisions at the level of management (Kerry & Mullan, 2014).
When they get the opportunity to air their views freely, they feel motivated to improve their
performances.
Change Management Strategies with Teams and Individuals
Change is a parameter that transforms issues from their original state to a new status. For
a health facility to realize a full transition, it has to overhaul its operational procedures. In the
scenario of a health facility, changes in values are of the essence since they directly impact the
managers (Kuipers et al., 2014). A change in the values of the management improves the quality
of services that a health facility offers to the patients (Lachance & Oxendine, 2015).

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 6
Additionally, the wishes of the patients get the priority when the change management strategies
get the priority.
A team is the combination of individuals with different ideologies. The role of a manager
is to harmonize the diverse opinions to enable the people to work jointly. In several occasions,
people function solemnly to satisfy personal interest and achieve their objectives (Lenihan et al.,
2015). The change should assist to bring members together to realize the same purpose.
Kotter devised an eight-step model that a health institution can apply to manage the
changes (Lenihan et al., 2015). First and foremost, the physicians must realize the need for
transformational management (Lunt, Exworthy, Hanefeld & Smith, 2015). After that, the health
facility should create a group of professionals to spearhead the transitional process. A proper
transition requires a well-outlined mission and vision statements for the next phase (Montano,
Reeske, Franke, & Hüffmeier, 2017). Every staff member of the hospital should be aware of the
new mission and vision statements. The team spearheading the transition process should leave no
stone unturned in the procedure.
The health organization should come up with short-term goals. Once the transitional
process is over, the management should change every aspect to accommodate the changes
(Morshed et al., 2017). The administration should ensure that the transformation conforms to the
current economic environment.
Principles of effective governance including accountability in the organization
Proper management is of the essence in all health facilities. The exemplary governance
assists the health ministry to regulate its activities worldwide. A significant number of
governance principles exist. The Principles cannot function properly without a framework of
accountability (Popescu, & Predescu, 2016). The leader of any healthcare group should have a

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 7
direct focus on achievement of goals. The team members follow the determination of their leader
in achieving the objectives of the hospital (Kuipers et al., 2014). Members of the medical teams
should be of clear accountability and integrity (Patel & Rushefsky, 2015). The members of the
group must allow the leader to exercise authority over them (Lenihan et al., 2015). A good leader
builds a responsible and a hardworking team.
A responsible leader motivates the group members. Consequently, the cooperation
between the leader and members improves the quality of service that a health facility offers. The
leader should ensure that the members are free with one another (Lachance, & Oxendine, 2015).
Furthermore, the manager should instill ethical principles in the staff members.
Agency Leadership
The relationship among Leadership, Power, Ethics, and Values
In this level of leadership, the manager should have a keen look at the four critical pillars
that include: leadership, power, ethics, and values. The standard doctrine is that when the
implementation of some transitions is underway, hospitals should entrust Agencies with power.
The authorization of Agencies facilitates critical decision-making processes (Lunt, Exworthy,
Hanefeld, & Smith, 2015). Any leader should observe ethical principles. A health facility that
ethically attends to the patients provides satisfactory services to the patients. The doctrines of
ethics dictate that staff members must have mutual respect for themselves.
The leadership pattern at the level of Agency needs a close partnering between health
facilities and Agencies. The same Agencies rely on the transition to enact legislation (Montano,
Reeske, Franke, & Hüffmeier, 2017). Thus, the transformations alter the priority listings of the
agency. Nowadays, different firms enact changes on a regular basis. The medical field is not left
behind as the sector also embraces transformational opportunities (Morshed et al., 2017). In the

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 8
level of Agency Leadership, the ability of a health facility to change depends on its structures.
Strong leadership is essential for the development of any establishment (Patel, & Rushefsky,
2015). The occurrence of misunderstanding in an organization is a standard feature.
In the agency leadership level, the management should pay keen attention to external
factors that a business may face. The executive should devise plans of ensuring that factors from
outside do not affect the activity (Popescu, & Predescu, 2016). Furthermore, the management
should come up with an efficient plan to ensure the smooth running of the business association.
Any business set up requires an elaborate strategy of resolving misunderstandings to remain in
agency leadership (Reich et al., 2016). An elegant manner of solving disagreements ensures that
staff members coexist peacefully. Hence, they work in unity to realize the objectives of the
organization.
Apart from the management of conflict, agency leadership requires the managers to
concentrate on the action part. The organization must focus on internal and external factors
affecting a business (Scarbrough et al., 2014). At the agency level, the satisfaction of patient's
desires come first. The physicians must ensure that they offer excellent medical attention to the
patients. The leaders of various health teams must ensure that their groups are functioning
normally (Shickle et al., 2014). The leadership level dictates that moral values take center stage
during service delivery.
Difference between Agency and Team Leadership
Agency level of leadership defines power differently to the team leadership approach. In
this level, each person has the mandate to participate in the making and implementation of
critical decisions (Stander, De Beer, & Stander, 2015). The freedom installs the culture of
transformative execution. The transformation of leadership from one stage to another is essential

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 9
(Swanson et al., 2015). The transitional procedure yields desirable changes that steer an
organization to greater heights. However, leadership at the Team level incorporates the
communication skills into teamwork. In the latter level, the main highlight is finding a lasting
solution to problems that a firm may be facing. Every aspect of the business surrounds good
leadership.
In Agency level, every conclusion revolves around the integration of leadership, ethics,
power, and values. After the successful incorporation of the four pillars, transition follows
accordingly. However, the results of the transformation cannot lead to an improvement in
medical attention in hospitals. In occasions where sections of the groups object to transitional
processes, the transformative process in that company fails. Frequent disagreements stem from
alliances, partners and members of the Alliance-Union (Top, Akdere, & Tarcan, 2015). The
organizational teams which experience regular misunderstandings such appoint the appropriate
team leader to unite them.
On the other hand, managers must use ordinary tools. Proper use of the strategies enables
the leaders to institute transition in the organizations. The level of team leadership encourages
firms to motivate workers properly. A happy member of staff is the secret to a successful
business. Agency level does not agree with team level on workers treatment (Swanson et al.,
2015). There are a variety of methods which institutions use to motivate the staff. The level of
agency concentrates on a proper structure of leadership. In both standards, ethical principles
come first before anything (Reich et al., 2016). Furthermore, health facilities should scale up
their operations to meet the high expectations of physicians.
Agency level notes that management should assume three categories. The levels are
personal, community and organizational levels. There is an essence for health facilities to alter

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 10
various structural orientations to enable a smooth transitional process (Reich et al., 2016).
Authority interrelates to essential values since it helps in the creation of fairness in the provision
of medical attention. Proper utilization of leadership authority elevates the status of health of a
people. Medical practitioners should concentrate on every corner of the pillars of health to ensure
the provision of quality care. Each person in the medical field should improve the socio-cultural
aspects of healthcare provision. The agency and team levels differ significantly (Patel, &
Rushefsky, 2015). However, observation of ethical principles remains of the essence to both
sides.
Leadership at Professional Level
The relationship among Leadership, power, ethics, and values
This level has a different focus as opposed to the previous four levels. The professional
level looks into chances, the know-how and advocating for rights. The level of manager's
experiences is essential at this level (Morshed et al., 2017). The nature of job assignment alters
because of the consistent transitional phases that exist (Morshed et al., 2017). The level
introduces alternative business methods that brilliant leaders apply in the running of their
enterprises. Additionally, the research and knowledge sharing lead to the improvement in the
quality of collective activity (Montano et al., 2017). The level demands that team members and
their leaders take an active part in practical activities within the firm. Moreover, leadership takes
center stage at this level. Staff members look at how managers go about their duties.
Leadership at professional level merges leadership traits and transitional development.
The combination of the two strategies assists in solving industrial problems. On the other hand,
the managers should look for other alternatives to industrial unrest (Lunt et al., 2015). They
should not rely overly on the professional level. The relationship between this level and unrest

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 11
resolution depicts the difference between the current model and the Team level of leadership
(Lenihan et al., 2015). In the administration at the team level, the joint working among
employees indicates the diversity of roles within an organization.
At times, leaders receive rebellion from team members due to some reasons. A good
manager should devise ways of winning the workforce back onto their sides. Moreover, the
managers should exercise a high degree of work ethics when educating employees about
emerging development trends (Lachance, & Oxendine, 2015). The leader has the sole duty to
create a comfortable working environment for other colleagues.
The leadership at the community level is similar to the professional standard when it
comes to the manager engagement. Both levels dictate that team members have to engage the
team leader in any project to ensure success. Community level of leadership agrees that
excellence is not a typical scenario. Although, when the management applies the necessary tools
and concentrate on joint operations, success can quickly come to a company. The level reveals
that the success of an organization can trickier down to the grass root level.
The members of a community can benefit from the success of the nearby firm. For
community leadership to succeed, team members must work together to achieve joint goals. The
management of a health facility should ensure that all systems are working to provide excellent
service delivery. The transitional steps are regular and take place at a majority of stages of
medical attention process (Kuipers et al., 2014). Therefore, the four pillars apply in varied
situations.
Variations in the relationships from the first four Rowitz’s Leadership levels
One can comfortably state that the four levels of leadership differ vastly from one to the other.
However, a direct link connects the four pillars of leadership. On a critical point of view, the

LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH 12
components disagree regarding community, team, agency and personal levels (Kerry, & Mullan,
2014). Leadership at personal degree focuses on the acquisition of knowledge by the leader and
their development. Therefore, at the personal level, the authority and value variables are non-
existent. On the other hand, leadership at the community level, the two variants exist. However,
the relationship between them varies significantly (Kearney et al., 2018). The manager
concentrates on teamwork to improve the status of the community.
Leadership at the level of agency differs from the personal and community levels. The
focus of management changes to other issues (Jadhav et al., 2017). Therefore, authority and core
values retain light degrees of relevancy. The manager switches attention to more pressing
matters. The essential components that managers are looking at this stage include the following.
The development of proper tools and improved strategies to ensure industrial success are
necessary at agency level (Hutchinson, & Jackson, 2015).
Leadership at the team level focuses on ethical principles and moral core values. Team
level lowers the priority bar on leadership and authority (Day et al., 2014). Ethical principles and
moral values are excellent qualities of a leader. The two variants enable managers to make
crucial decisions (Fernandez et al., 2015). The outcome of the decisions brings the best out of the
teams. Furthermore, proper decisions improve the quality of medical attention. In reality, there is
interdependency and a healthy relationship between the various determinants of leadership levels
(Day et al., 2014). The important point is that each determinant is of the essence to the health
facility.
Leadership Strategy for effective management change on the Professional level
Team leaders should actively participate in the activities of the health facility alongside
the physicians. The complete involvement of the manager motivates the employees hence