Organisational Behaviour: Team Effectiveness & Motivation Theories

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of Sainsbury’s, a major UK supermarket chain. It examines how organisational politics, power structures, and cultural norms directly influence individual and team behaviour. The report explores various theoretical frameworks, including Handy's cultural classifications and Hofstede's dimensions, to understand cultural impacts. It discusses the influence of organisational politics on decision-making and structural changes, and analyses different types of power, such as reward, coercive, and expert power. Furthermore, the report evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Vroom's expectancy theory, to understand how companies can achieve their goals through motivated employees. The dynamics of effective versus ineffective teams are also explored, alongside key organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Ways through which organizations politics, powers & culture impose direct effect on
behavior of individual person and its team..................................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Methods through which process and content theory helps company to accomplish goal......6
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................8
P3 Factors generating effective team as opposed to ineffective teams........................................8
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................10
P4 Concepts of organisational behaviour context of company..................................................10
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour signifies as study of conduct of individual person within company.
It is determined as total of politics, power and culture within company that influences individual
person as well as team member. This report is considered upon the company named as
Sainsbury’s. It is second largest chain of supermarket in UK founded by John James Sainsbury.
This report offer discussion in respect of various topics related to culture that must be offered by
organisation. There is different kind of theory connected to motivation used by company for
accomplishing goals. This assignment offer discussion in respect of team and various model
related to development of team. Lastly, this report offer discussion in respect of philosophy and
concept in reference of organisation (Akhavan,Hosseini and Abbasi, 2016).
TASK 1
P1 Ways through which organizations politics, powers & culture impose direct effect on
behavior of individual person and its team
The vision is to achieve leading position across world.
The mission is to offer goods as per choice of user for accomplishing competitive
advantage at marketplace.
Influence of culture
The culture of organization determined values that offer efforts to specific needs of
business organization. Handy determines culture in different categories which is going to be
mentioned below:
Power culture signifies strong culture in company that must possess by person that
imposes direct effect on company.
Role culture determined duty that possess by individual person in company. Herein,
every person performs their task in order to achieve goal in timely manner.

Task culture signifies team member of business organization are executed for specific
project. Herein, task is allotted to individual person in order to perform it in better way. It is also
helpful in achieving goal as well as objective in timely manner.
Person culture signifies culture in which person in company emphasized on being
advanced to organization.
The awareness of Cultural difference is important for chosen company that helps in
executing its operations in different location. The person from different nation signifies culture
within company to increase understanding level in enhancing awareness within company which
enable chosen organization in order to deal with views and talent and so on.
Hofstede's Model
There are different dimensions related to theory which is going to be mentioned below:
Individualism/collectivism is significant for business organisation to make sure that
their focus on objectives of staff member in assistance with group and aim of organisation.
Masculine/feminine emphasised on increasing feminine culture in which different
between rules for women & men as well as they obtain fair treatment in staff member of
company (Bastable Massar and McIntosh, 2020).
Uncertainty avoidance increases no avoidance related to uncertainty in offering
comfortable atmosphere to staff member.
Time perspective The management team of Sainsbury emphasised on adopting vision
that aids assistance in accomplishing growth during the period of time.
Indulgence/restraints Sainsbury uses indulgence within culture for enjoying life.
Thus, the vision and mission of chosen company to taken in determination as well as their
primal purpose is focuses on adopting task culture. And, they focus on linking individualism and
collectivism in an appropriate manner.
Due to enhancing globalisation that aids assistance in deal with multiculturalism in
proper way. The company requires to ensure that their emphasis on enhancing awareness in
respect of culture in company. The management team of Sainsbury emphasis on using culture for
tackle changes in proper way.

Organisational psychology signifies conduct of person in atmosphere of company. It is
significant for organisation to assess psychology of organisation in order to manage subordinates
that aids assistance in providing solution that assists in resolving different kinds of issues in
company.
Influence of politics
The politics within business organization is considered as a process and behavior in
interacts with person involves authority. The politics have direct impact on interest of person in
company.
Personal, structural decisional and organizational change
Politics within company impose direct influence on different aspect during particular
phase of time period. For taking challenges enforces direct effect on staff member of
organization. It offers motivation path to staffs for influencing to execute work in proper way.
Politics emphasized on increasing structural changes within company. These changes are
considered as basis changes that are occur due to increase in politics. The changes arise in
structure that enforces long term effect on company (Cauwelier, Ribière and Bennet, 2016).
Decisional changes enhance in politics within company in which person is impacted by
politics. Due to enhance within politics, the leader and manager bring changes in process of
decision. By using politics, the management team of chosen company emphasized on bringing
alteration in company.
Influence of power
The person emphasized on three elements that are related to formal authority which is
related to position, authority that possess by expert. Therefore, there are different types of power
that is given below:
Reward power is ability by which manager of company emphasize on privileges and
promotion of individual person within company.
Coercive power is connected to power that is offered to individual person for aim of
handling daily functions or activities. This kind of is related to fear of subordinate if they are not
following task or work in an appropriate manner.

Expert power this kind of power is adopted when individual person have knowledge as
well as skill which is connected to a specific field related to work. This kind of power can be
adopted in reference of experts provide direction to subordinate in some condition which are
contingent as well as not appropriate.
Legitimate power this kind of power that is offered to various individual person as per
position level that they are holding & as per allocated role as well as responsibility. Therefore,
there are different kind of power which is provided to individual person as per their position in
which they are performed their work.
TASK 2
P2 Methods through which process and content theory helps company to accomplish goal
Motivation is significant aspect which has influence on functioning and activities of
subordinates. Therefore, it is necessary to know various theories that aid assistance in handling
large workforce during particular phase of time period.
Content theory it is determined as a theory which is adopted for determining factor that
meet requirement of individual person. It is adopted for assessing different factor that enforces
direct effect on working & attitude of subordinate (Gardner, Scott and AbdelFattah, 2017).
Maslow motivation theory is adopted for analysing need and wants of subordinate as per
various levels that is going to be mentioned below:
Physiological need there are various human need without it is impossible for individual
person to survive. It signifies a basic requirement such as water, food, clothing and many more.
All these requirements possess direct impact behaviour of subordinate and satisfying this need is
important as without fulfilling this kind of need it is impossible for individual person to survive.
Safety and security need after physiological need, there is a need to emphasize on safety
as well as security requirement that determine job security as well as safety need. The
subordinate is needed to perform their work in atmosphere which is free from risk and they adopt
several safety or security measures such as insurance services, medical services and many more.
Therefore, it is assess that top administration focuses on motivating subordinate for fulfilling
their needs.

Social need after satisfying safety requirement, the individual person moved in respect of
third stage of needs is social need connected with affection that individual person is expected or
want from another person. Therefore, it is fulfilled or satisfied by management team for aim of
offering them different opportunity to possess communication with colleagues. These
requirements are significant to satisfied or increasing level of satisfaction of subordinate during
particular phase of time period. It assists in increasing or bringing positive behaviour related to
work of subordinate during particular phase of time period. As team leader, that kind of need is
connected with recognition and appreciation from subordinate. Therefore, it is used for aim of
providing worth to its subordinate and increase commitment level during the period of time.
Self actualization needs there are various need required by individual person to be fulfilled
that determine increasing understanding during the period of time. Herein, this need are used by
offering higher opportunity to subordinate and influencing them in respect of use of maximum
skill so that they are capable to tackle challenges and increasing understanding level with their
own level of strength.
Process theory this theory signifies aim of making assessment of attitude and psychological
procedure within business organisation. It is adopted for aim of making assessment of need of
individual person that impose direct effect on performance of individual person during particular
phase of time period. Therefore, there is a need to improve skill within team for performing
different work in proper way.
Alderfer’s ERG theory
This theory involves three groups of basic needs such as existence, relatedness as well as
growth. This theory is helpful in motivating other individual person for performing various tasks
in proper way. Thus the description of this theory is given below:
Existence need: It involves all physiological desire such as water, air, safety as well as
affection. It is necessary for chosen company to satisfy this need of employees so that they feel
valued and perform their work in such a manner that helps in achieving goal and objective in
timely manner.

Relatedness need: It includes social esteem need, maintain relationship with others such
as family, employers and friends. Herein, the employees feel secure and that helps in executing
different work in an appropriate manner.
Growth need: It aids assistance to individual person to make productive and to achieve
meaningful tasks in proper way. It helps in conducting their task in such a manner which will be
helpful in accomplishing goal in timely manner.
Vroom Expectancy theory is a theory that imposes direct effect on behaviour and attitude
of subordinate and as per this, they increases their motivation level in respect of accomplishing
certain goals. Vroom focuses on increasing performance level that is impacted by different
factors such as knowledge, experience and many more (Guo, Gan and Wang, 2020). Motivation
consist instrumentality, expectancy as well as valence
Expectancy deal with different efforts or contribution that result in increasing higher level
of performance of subordinate as also they are impacted with appropriate resources and needed
support.
Instrumentality adopted for aim of denoting output which is depend on individual
performance.
Valence deals with different kinds of rewards that impose positive effect on method used by
individual person in executing a specific task.
Therefore, the manager focus is on adopting this theory for aim of motivating whole
workforce by giving them reward in timely way.
Goal setting theory is determined as a theory that signifies improvement plan and focuses
on motivating subordinates to achieve goal. The objective is offer direction to individual person
in order to perform their task in an appropriate manner and also accomplishing goal in timely
manner. There are various factors that are determined as a part of goal setting theory that is going
to be mentioned below:
Self-sufficiency herein, the individual person is connected with performance and also they
are based on confidence that believes on spirit of individual person through which the individual
person increases their efforts or contribution to achieve goal in timely manner.

Goal commitment is determined is a dedication which is possess by person for
accomplishing target in timely manner. Therefore, on the basis of above given goal setting theory
their aim is to influence subordinate and increase commitment level in order to increase success
in future period of time. The most appropriate theory is Vroom expectancy theory in which it
assists in accomplishing results related to performance that must be rewarded as per performance
level during particular phase of time period (Hartmann, 2016).
TASK 3
P3 Factors generating effective team as opposed to ineffective teams
The team is determined as a group of person to execute work for accomplishing goal in timely
manner. The effective member of team consider person united in addition with reason and
having clear objective to execute work in a proper way. In effective team in which the team
member does not united for purpose. This kind of group is not connected with basic objective.
Basis Effective Team Ineffective team
Purpose The effective team signifies the person
must be united in addition with vision
and they possess clear objective to
execute work in proper way.
Ineffective team the individual
person does not united for a purpose.
This kind of group are not related
with basic objective
Communication There is apparent conversation within
team.
There is indistinct communication
within teams.
Responsibilities The team member role is to distinguish
properly.
The member of team do not have
clear role.
Different types of team
Functional team the person execute functions and activity with same authority.
Therefore, there are different kind of example is taken for purpose of functional team within
company named as HR department as well as its sales team.

Problem solving these are determined as a team who focus on assessing solution to
particular problem. The subordinate execute its work with its team during particular phase of
time period.
Project is formed within business organisation for specific project. Therefore, the chosen
organisation emphasize on using team to implement specific brand within supermarket
(Snodgrass and Meadan, 2018).
The impact of technology in organisational teams
Technology is adopted for taking team together. In current time, it is necessary to
generate different part of nation. Technology aids assistance in connecting with another person
by adopting video conference, mail and so on. Therefore, the management team of chosen
company properly use this kind of method to conduct meeting with manager which is situated at
different places.
Difference between team and groups
Basis Teams Groups
Definition The team is determined ad group of person
that execute interdependent task in
accomplishing goal
Assortment of above
individual people.
Formation Formed by adopting proper procedure for
particular reason.
It is formed based on liking of
person
Structure Formal Structure Informal Structure
Focus Communal Focus Individual Focus
Knowledge Recognizable with another member of team Not essentially increasing
understanding level within
team.

Tuckman's team development model
This theory was founded by Bruce tuckman which signifies different stages of development
of member of team is going to be mentioned below:
Forming determine the person to offer introduction to another one. Every individual person
in team is excited to understand each other.
Storming in this kind of level, it determines person emphasized on providing discussion
regarding task and there is also a difference in opinion that start between them (Shin, Kim and
Lee, 2017).
Norming the person focuses on forgetting those kinds of differences and execute work with
each other cohesively.
Performing determine the team focuses on allotting task to them
Adjourning herein, the team must be separated and their work of project gets finished.
In development of a person, it is important to determine all those kind of stages for
increasing team in proper way.
Belbin team role
Belbin theory Herein, there are nine roles that are required by member of team to enhance
level of productivity which is going to be mentioned below:
Resource investigating emphasized on bring innovative ideas within team member for
grabbing opportunity within team.
Team worker have a role that help in using versatility for analysing whole work and
complete it that is based on team. It is considered as cooperative as well as diplomatic.
Coordinator emphasis on goal as well as objective and also the focus is on allocating task
with its member of team.

Plant emphasised on creating method that helps in resolving various types of problems that
is faced by team member.
Monitor evaluator have duty for providing impartial judgement in order to perform
different kind of work in an appropriate way.
Specialist is considered as a duty to bring its competence and knowledge of various areas
within team member.
Shaper is determined as a significant drives through which team emphasize on executing
work in proper way.
Implementer the team member emphasized on planning appropriate strategy as well as
tactics to execute task in proper way.
Complete finisher helps in make sure that they do not possess any type of error within
work and has a control measure that must be adopted (Walzel, Robertson and Anagnostopoulos,
2018).
It is significant strategy that helps in increasing or influencing the person by offering a
specific role as ability of that person connected to specific skill for accomplishing goal in timely
manner.
Soft and hard communication
Communication in team member possesses various types of soft as well as hard skills and it
includes interpersonal skill, empathy and so on. In addition to this, hard skills must be linked to
technical skill and knowledge which is required by person for obtaining data and information
required for particular task. In reference of chosen organisation, the administration team use both
skills for proper communication with member of team.
Cooperation and competition cooperation determine enhancing outcomes as well as
competition that determine enhancing differences with another person. They emphasised on
increasing contribution level to manage balance in proper way. Cooperation help in
accomplishing work &competition which is used in increasing productivity level during the
period of time.
Benefits and risk of team

There are various kinds of benefit or advantage of team such as offering solution to
individual person which assists in enhancing level of productivity. It is assess that there are
different kind of conflict occur among team that generate clash connected to ideas.
Conflict resolution is determined as a process in which above two individual people
emphasized on resolving different kind of complexity. There is different kind of skills or
knowledge required by person for resolving such type of conflict such as facilitation, meditation
and so on (Tang and Naumann, 2016).
TASK 4
P4 Concepts of organisational behaviour context of company
There are various concepts connected to OB which is categorised into various groups
which is going to be mentioned below:
People
Perception is considered as a way through which individual person focuses on
interpreting thing which is differ from each other. This is determined as an only reason in which
some tactics of organisation is opposed by another one.
Individual difference there is various types of element or factor that is taken in
consideration. Motivation is significant for organisation to enhance understanding of person and
they required to influence for achieving task in proper way.
Empowerment is significant to empower person within company. They can't handle
machinery as well as empathy in context of employee that is important for staff.
Organisation
Social system within an organisation is considered as a group of person have common
goal. There are two type of social arrangement such as formal and informal. It is significant to
increase it within company.
Mutual interest it is significant to increase understanding of individual person that
needed company and organisation needed person.

Ethics is important for company as it is significant that dignity related to staff member is
handled in an appropriate manner. It is significant to regularly increase by providing training to
them in order to taking decision. It is significant for management team of Sainsbury to keep
whole concept for creating strategy that assists in increasing favourable attitude of organisation
in future period of time (Schulze and Krumm, 2017).
Philosophy
Autocratic model determines person who possess power within company to provide order
to person to execute task in proper way.
Custodial model determine subordinate that is different for an organisation and staff
member are independent for welfare of company.
Collegial philosophy is considered as an extension related to supporting order. The primary
purpose is to accomplishing goals by team member.
Supporting signifies that leader emphasized on influencing person to execute task in better
way. It is significant to use supporting model for ensure that it is necessary for leader to offer
guidance to staff member for increasing satisfaction level.
Path goal theory in organisation specifies leadership style that fits to staff member and
environment which assists in accomplishing goal in timely manner. This kind of theory is a
process that assists in choosing specific behaviour that is important for staff member and offer
guidance to subordinates by providing appropriate environment within company. There are
different kinds of leadership theory that is going to be mentioned below:
Supportive leadership theory: The leader provides support to its employees to perform
their work in an appropriate manner that helps in achieving goal in timely manner.
Directive leadership theory: Herein, the leader provide direction to its staff member to
execute work in such a manner that aids assistance in increasing performance level of company
in future period of time.
Participative leadership theory: herein, the leader take part in taking decision which will
be beneficial for success and growth of business organisation.

Contemporary barrier to appropriate behaviour
For particularly required behaviour, the modification or alteration is determined a
challenging position. There are different kinds of barrier that is given below:
 Personal resistance is considered as a barrier that is based on behaviour or attitude of
person, they required to increase their participation in increasing behaviour or not.
 Corporate disorganization focuses on barrier through which individual person adopt
organisation behaviour.
 Lack of insight determines deficiency by which organisation are not capable to adopt
proper behaviour.
Social capital theory is proper functioning related to social group through which
interpersonal relations adopted by organisation for increasing such type of situation or condition
from different background and accomplish goal in pre-decided period of time.
Contingency theory enhances understanding level in respect to situations that enforces
direct impact on leader. The decision in respect of proper function related to organisation. There
are different types of changes within an external environment of Sainsbury by which company
modify strategy as well as various types of changes such as changing requirements of user,
legislation and so on (Akan, Jack and Mehta, 2020).
CONCLUSION
On given assignment, it is analysed that organisational behaviour is study of conduct of
individual person within company. It is determined as total of politics, power and culture within
company that influences individual person as well as team member. This report offer discussion
in respect of various topics related to culture that must be offered by organisation. There is
different kind of theory connected to motivation used by company for accomplishing goals. This
assignment offer discussion in respect of team and various model related to development of
team. In addition to this, it is necessary to influence individual person to perform different task in

proper way. Lastly, this report offer discussion in respect of philosophy and concept in reference
of organisation.

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