Management and Operations: Leadership, Theories and Tesco Case

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the differences between leaders and managers and their respective roles within organizations. It delves into various management and leadership theories, including management by objectives, contemporary theory, behavioral theory, and classical management theory, illustrating their application with examples from Tesco. The report also examines different leadership styles such as system leadership, contingency approach, and situational leadership, highlighting their impact on organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, it discusses operations management approaches like total quality management, six sigma, just-in-time inventory, and lean production, emphasizing their importance in enhancing productivity and achieving competitive advantages. The study concludes by underscoring the significance of operations management in effectively utilizing resources, improving quality, and driving business success, particularly within the context of Tesco's operational functions.

Management and
Operations

INTRODUCTION
In the every organization, effective operation and management plays a crucial role.
Operations and management are major element of the strength of organizations. Proper
operations and management in the company improves productivity and performances of their

business. It assists in effectively utilizing the resources for accomplishing objectives by taking
support of various strategies. Managers and leaders of the organization play a most important role
in the effective operations and management. Tesco is the leading retail firm that has branches
across the world. It has headquarters in United Kingdom, Hertfordshire, England, and Selwyn
Garden City. This report will highlight the differences between the leaders and managers and in
their roles and functions in the organization. This report will also include the different models
and theories of management and leadership and the role of managers and leaders plays in the
operations function of a company. Study will explain the interrelationship between leadership style
and business environment of firm.
MAIN BODY
P1 Definition of leaders and, managers and difference between their roles and functions
Leaders
Leaders are key assets of organizations and by their effective communication skills and
leadership quality they motivate the employees for high productivity. Leader inspire people in
workplace of workers to increase efficiency and productivity in the business operations. Leaders
is a single person who manage all company’s operations that conducted by employees in the
organization.
Managers
Managers work to manage all operation (Fernandes and et.al., 2018). In the all level of
the organizations they manage and control whole functions. Manager will develop the relevant
strategy and policies.
Leaders vs managers
Managers Leaders
Managers explain and describe policies Leaders influence people by motivating them.
Managers create the ideas and goals for the
successful of the organization.
Leaders play the effective role of implementing
the ideas into actual situation.
Manager defines objectives Leader persuades goals defined by the
management.
Manager’s focus on task in the company. Leaders focus on horizon of their task in the
company.
Managers possess a short time view in the
organization.
Leaders possess a long term prospective in the
organization.
Managers provide the works and operational
activities to the employees and workers.
Leaders promote the employs of the company
towards the operational activity.
Managers pay attention on system and Leaders have attention on people or individual

structures. (Le and et.al., 2019).
Managers discuss about risk Leaders generally ask what and why about a
task.
Managers are administrative in nature in the
company.
Leaders are innovative in nature in the
company.
Leader’s role and manager’s function in organization are as follows:
Planning
The major functions of the managers of Tesco are to set the objectives or goals and
planning for the operations that complies to enhance the sales of groceries, clothing and general
merchandise. The leaders in Tesco Company has to define the roles of workers that are set by
managers and employs to achieve goals and objectives.
Controlling
Managers have to develop new tactics in organization and adopted by the leaders (Zurich,
Instruction and Documentation., 2018). This are controlled and monitored by the managers and
the leaders to identify the results of the better performance of workers or employees.
Organizing
Leaders organize things so that workplace activities can be performed systematically
P2 different situation and role of managers and leaders in these
. For example, if the Tesco faces the circumstances where the price of raw material of
groceries and electrical equipments are increasing rapidly than in that situation the role of leader
is to apply their skills or knowledge to implement and plan many strategies and the function of
managers is to perfectly manage the strategies that can control the production coast and boost the
revenue (Wei and Akinci., 2019).
The many management function as well as different leadership style helps in the effective
functioning of the operations of management. There are many management theories that make
company to develop its operations.
Theory of management by objectives focuses on the integrated effort of the workers or
employees and the managers for the achievement of goals or objectives. The managers take
effective action to conduct the company operations with the employees and develop the
performance standards. The leaders allocate the duties and works to the staffs and implement
different policies to motivate them to conduct their operations in a very good manner.

The contemporary theory means to handle the current situation so that work can be done
properly (Bai and et.al., 2018). In this situation, the managers of the Tesco can implement
effective strategies and effective plan to search the suppliers who can provide the raw materials
for production and the electronic equipment at a very reasonable cost. In these circumstances,
The Tesco’s leaders use their best trait it inspires the staffs of the organization to implement
appropriate technologies to eliminate the avoidable cost of production.
Tesco organization implements the behavioral theory of management leaders can
implemented the leadership style and communicate with the employees or staffs with the
effectively policies described to the workers and employees. The, managers of the organization
follow the policies on worker’s skills and abilities.
Classical management theory is also adopted in the Tesco organization and managers of
the company created the strategy for the effective management and improve the worker’s
production activities. Manager set the strategy and policies to improve the company productivity
and performance. The classical management theory is a good style of management and use of
single leadership for efficiency in the workplace (Meredith and Pilkington., 2018). It’s based on
much principle such as increase profits main priority and company productivity is the essential
goals of all organization.
In Tesco Company, the Contingency theory focused on the changes in strategies as per
the changes in circumstances. The managers of the organization recognized the reasons with high
cost of production and take critical action to apply this theory. The leaders of the Tesco
Company play an important role by inspiring the employees to adopt the changes in the company
operational behavior in order to achieve the challenge in whole market.
P3 different theories of leadership
System leadership
leader controls employee’s works and also explains the various circumstances of the
organizations to encourage the employees to work according to the company requirements. This.
System leadership theory helps the Tesco Company to make efficient change in the strategies
and operations for fulfillment of goals and objectives. This theory also provides the opportunities
to workers for organizational development. This style helps to improve the activities relate do
production activities.
Contingency approach
It states that there is no perfect leadership style that is suitable in all situations and
circumstances. The goals of this theory is to match the leadership style with a computable
circumstance (Maurer and et.al., 2016). By the applying this approach of leadership, the Tesco
Company can take many benefits in different ways and it could expand the productivity of the

employees and workers. Contingent theory is main strength to create better leadership style for
organizations.
Situational leadership
Changes are essential and leaders need to reach according to these changes. Situational
leadership can make morale among workers or employees and create a better productive
environment in the company. As per the current circumstances of the organization, Tesco
Company facing many problem of high cost of material and electrical equipments etc. and. The
key advantage of this theory is easy to understand and use of this theory in company (Holland
and Leslie., 2017). This theory suggests that no single leadership style is best and it depends on
the entire situation at hand and which type of strategies and leadership are great-suited to the
operation. Situational theory give better consideration to the difficulty situation of company and
it plays an important role for organization.
P4 operations management approaches
Operations management is a most essential element to manage the administration
activities of the organization and develop efficiency in production. Operational management
included activities which transform the raw material into the finished product. It is the process to
manage the effectively resource in very good manner. It works to enhance the productivity
Total quality management
It is the process of continuous development by eliminating errors and rasing quality of
entire production process (Perry and et.al., 2018). It includes many principles such as, strong
leadership, etc.
Role of manager in total quality management
To make sure continuous improvement in the production and business.
Role of leaders in total quality management
To ensure the efficient involvement and utilization of the whole work force.
To establish the company performance size.
Six sigma
. With the proper implementation of six sigma approach, company can achieve greatest
customer satisfaction by minimizing the deficiency, achieve employment growth and improve
return on sales.
Role of managers in six sigma
To examine the implementation of right process for the improvement in business (Dubey., 2016).

Reviewing and giving support to the top management as well as employees.
Role of leaders in six sigma
To take necessary concern in six sigma resources and training.
Recognizing and supporting employees participation.
Just-in time inventory
It is strategy which decrease waste and increase effectiveness of organization. In Tesco
Company, it helps to decrease the inventory costs. Just-in time management assist the
organization in decreasing the storage room of the company as the goods is only stored at the
time of utilization and save the money of company.
Role of leaders in just in time inventory
To manage inventory and monitor workplace performance of workers is responsibility of leader
(Meeroff and Sethi., 2018).
To monitor the condition of all the company machineries used in the manufacture process.
Role of managers in just in time inventory
The order of goods from supplier at the exact time.
To maintain a better relation with the supplier with the supply of desired amounts of goods.
Lean production
Lean production is a simple method that supports in the implementation of this process in
the production and elimination of wastage within manufacturing procedure. This system helps in
the operational management by increasing efficiency in the production process and improving
the quality of product. It aids in reduction of errors in production process and manufacturing
procedure.
Role of managers in lean production
Carries out investigation regarding effectiveness of product.
Provides a report of the organization progress to the superior authority.
Role of leader in lean production
To encourage people so that they can work better by understanding their duties (Gibson and
Parkman., 2018).
Giving directions to the subordinates to raise the production.

P5 importance of operations management
Operations management is one of the most vital components in the organization. It aids
in effectively utilizing the resources in production activities. The proper operations management
assists to achieve the competitive advantages for the company. Leaders and managers of
organizations provide a huge assistance for the operations management in the all operational
functions of Tesco. It improves the quality of production and performances of employees.
Operations management includes all the activities from the conversion of raw material intro a
final goods with a much budgeted costs. Operations management has a very huge value in the
organization to gain their business objectives and goals. Operations management helps the Tesco
organization to remove the wastage during the production activity. It also takes necessary actions
to increase the customer’s satisfaction with the appropriate operation management in the
business functions (Slack and Brandon-Jones., 2018). It improves the management of groceries,
household products, furniture, equipments etc. and also enhances its potential quality by proper
management and control.
Operations management plays an effective role in enhancing the profitability and revenue
for the company and also generates various unique approaches and ideas to achieve the
business’s targets and goals. Managers and leaders have a significant role to mange, control and
develop the effective operation management activities in a Tesco organization. Many actions
regarding the company operations or work to the employees or workers as per their
qualifications, interred and skills, theses all activities of the managers and leaders help to
maintain a proper operational management. Operation management includes various functions
such as controlling and distribution and it is important factor in the company operation
management. Its provide a good production process to fulfill objectives of the Tesco. Proper
operation management process also motivates and increases the workers or employees towards
the production activities (Reid and Sanders., 2019). This management process is help to improve
the company’s total revenue and sales. The main function do operation management is utilizing
the resource of the company in a well manner and analyzing the needs of customers demand. It
also helps in mange and control distribution system in company by implement the strong control
system of organization.
P6 Factors influence operation management
The Tesco Company gets affected by many factors which control the business’s
operation. It is also affect the Tesco’s operational activities and achieving the company
objectives and goals. It is important for the organization to find out many impacts on the
management process. The various factors are discussed below –
Market trends

The many trends are appearing in the market regularly. Market trends affect the
operational management and all company decision making of the managers and leaders of the
Tesco Company. According to the market trends managers and leaders have to change their
company decision and it will affect the company operation activity (Hitt, Xu and Carnes., 2016).
Managers and leaders are take operational decision after analyze the market condition and to
identify the needs of the customers.
Technological change
The many technological changes in the environment every day. The many super market
adopted these advanced technological change in the company operational activities. The
technological change is affecting the Tesco company decision that were taken by the managers
and leaders. This technology is used by all organization and to apply in their operation and
planning management of company.
Financial status
Financial status is an essential factor for all organization and this factor affect the Tesco.
All the financial activities of the Tesco Company are affected by the cash flow and profit.
Company financial status is high that the managers and leaders to create efficient strategies and
tom operate in very good manner (Heizer., 2016). The company decision is taken by the measure
of the financial performance and that are related to the cost of manufacturing activities of
production. It is essential factor for all organization to use financial structures.
Political and legal factors
The changes I the rules and policies of legal and political factor affects the business
operations management. The company can adopt these change and [policies their decision and
planning according to the requirement of the company. Any changes in the legal and political
factor control the decision of the Tesco company that were taken by the leaders and managers
effectively manner (Bromiley and Rau., 2016). In this circumstance, the managers achieve its
roles by arranging and managing the company resources and the leaders of the organization have
a great role to estimate the future change of company.
CONCLUSION
Study can be summarized as leaders are important person as they encourage people to
work better. Leaders and managers are the main supporters of the company. They ensure the
effective functional and operational activities It also assists in improving the worker's
performances and encourages them towards the achieving business success. The leaders and
managers apply many best theories and methods to solve various business issues or problems.
They also help to create a better solution for any circumstances or troubles. The best operations
management is essential in improving the production activities and whole operations. It is also

summarized that the efficient leadership style and management theory helps to develop a positive
working environment at the workplace. It also inspires the employees for their great success and
development. Leaders and managers analysis the future changes that can disturb the
organization’s operations and functions and take necessary actions to reduce its diverse impacts
on the company's success and development.

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