Analysis of Leadership and Management at M&S: Theories and Practices

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management practices within M&S. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct responsibilities in coordinating organizational functions and motivating employees. The report then delves into the roles of leaders and functions of managers within various situational contexts, emphasizing the application of different leadership theories. These include contingency leadership theory, classical theory, and behavioral theory of management, all of which are crucial for adapting to market changes and enhancing product quality. Furthermore, the report applies situational leadership, systems leadership, and contingency approaches to illustrate how managers and leaders can effectively tackle different conditions and situations, thus enhancing employee skills and achieving organizational goals. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of leadership theories and strategies in achieving organizational objectives.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...............1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Role of leaders and functions of managers in various situational contexts .........................3
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
There are various tools and techniques which are used by manager and leaders to
perform different types operation of enterprises (Bartlett and Beamish, 2018). In order to
regulate different employees, the HR manager and leaders motivate their employees to perform
various operations of company. They play a significant role to control various kind operations
of organisation in an effective way.
M&S is company which deals to provide retail products to the customer which aid to
increase in profitability of an organisation in proper way. This report explains about different
roles and responsibilities which are to be performed by the manager and leaders of M&S. It also
explains about types of theories and approaches of leaderships which are implemented in order
to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace. This aids to increase the productivity of
company.
TASK 1
P1 Define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Managers and leaders are two personnels which controls and manage different operation
of organisation which controls and coordinate different types of functions of organisation in
proper manner ( Closs Speier and Meacham, 2011). Manager is the representative of an
organisation which delivers different types of information which is given by the administration
in order to control and manage various employees working in organisation in decent manner.
Whereas leaders are those organisation which give proper guidance to their employees to
perform work in effective way. Both individuals are performing their roles and responsibilities
which aid employees to perform different type of operations of M&S. This leads to create
dynamics environment within organisation. The definitions of leaders and manager are described
as below:
Manager: Manager plays significant role to coordinate different functions of an organisation.
The manager of M&S monitors performance of different types of purpose of employee. This aid
to maintain effectiveness to perform different kind of activities of organisation in descent
manner. It also gives appraisals to employee working in organization as per their performance.
Manager of M&S conduct different types of training and development program which aids to
increase skills and knowledge of worker performing different types of operations of organisation.
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Leaders: Leaders plays a significant role in respect to provide direction and guidance in order t
performs different types of activities of organisation in proper manner. The main motive of
leaders is to determine various needs and wants which is made by worker performing various
activities within company. Leader plays an important role to define roles and responsibilities of
different employee to complete different functions and operations in a systematic manner.
Leaders also deliver information which is given by the upper level of management. This helps to
gain effective results (Cochran, Cox and Kharoufeh, 2011).
Here comparison of different roles and responsibilities are given below:
managers leaders
It plays a vital role in respect to achieve aims
and objectives of an organisation in proper
manner. It put their efforts to increase
profitability level of company.
Leaders motivate their employee to perform
different types of operation of M&S.
The major role is to monitor the performance
of worker and give appraisals according to
their performance
Leaders determine different types of issues and
problems which are arise during performing
different types of activities on workplace.
Manager of M&S deliver different kind of
information which are given by head of
department and personnel belong to
management level
Leaders provide proper direction to its
employee in order to accomplish different
operations within stipulated time period.
Manager plays an important role in order to
enhance quality and quantity of different
products which are produced by M&S.
A leader plays an essential role to conduct
different types of meetings, discussion various
agendas and also acknowledge assorted types
of issues and problems of employee working in
organisation.
There are many functions which are performed by managers and leaders.
These functions are given below:
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Planning: The major function of manager of M&S is to prepare different types of plans
and policies and leaders needs to follow those plans and policies which aids to maximise the
level of profit of company in proper manner (Crevier, Cordeau and Savard, 2012).
Directing: Managers of M&S give proper direction to their different worker to
accomplish goals and objectives in effective manner. Whereas functions of leaders is to guide
their employee to perform various functions of company.
Staffing: The managers of M&S recruit and select new applicants according to requirements of
company. This aids to accomplish different types of task in proper way.
Coordinating: There are various types of plans and policies which are implemented by the
manager of M&S. This aids to maintain collaboration between the different departments which
are performing various functions of organisation in descent manner.
Controlling: The major function of manager is to control over different activities which
reduce the performance of an organisation in effective way. Whereas the leaders plays
significant role in order to control and manage various activities in order to accomplish goals and
objectives of organisation.
TASK 2
P2. Role of leaders and functions of managers in various situational contexts
Leaders and managers are those which controls and manages different types of operations
of company in effective manner. To accomplish various operation and regulate employees as
per their capabilities of employee. The manager of M&S implements different approaches of
leadership style theories. As company is infuse with the different rivals present in marketplace.
This leads to reduce the performance of company. In order to attract large number of customer
and increase rate of sales of various products. These theories aid to capture large number of
share in marketplace. It also guides the manager and leaders in order to inculcate different
condition and situation of marketplace (Grunig, 2013). There are various traits which are used
by the manger in order to reduce the price of various products. These theories aid to implement
different types of new and innovative technology in order to proper running of business in
effective way.
There are various leadership theories which are implemented by the organisation which are
explained below:
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Contingency Leadership Theory: This theory is adopted by the management of M&S in order
to implement different types of changes in an organisation for this leader put their effort to
motivate and guide their worker to perform their work as per the implemented change. As the
company know that it is facing problems with losing interest of different customer which tends
to reduce the profit level of company. Therefore, manager of company implement change in
organisation to maximise number of customers and launch new and innovative products for its
loyal customer (Jørgensen and Zaccour, 2012).
Classical Theory: This theory is adopted by the manager of M&S in respect to make
some changes in the policies and strategies of organisation in respect to inculcate with different
trends of rivals present in marketplace. It aids the company to stand before different customer in
proper manner. This is purposed by the manager of M&S that is called KAIZEN by which
employees and management put their effort in order to improve the quality of different products
in proper way. This also aids the manager to consider various views which is given in decision-
making process.
Behavioural Theory of Management: This theory help manager and leaders to perform
different kind of activity as per the policies and strategies made by upper level of management.
This theory also explains about to determine various needs and demand which is made by
different types of employee working in M&S. The leaders explain about the different types of
roles and responsibilities which are supposed to perform by various types of work in effective
manner.
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency
The leaders and mangers plays an important role in order to tackle various condition and
situation of company this aids to enhance skills and knowledge of contrary worker this aids to
attain goals and objectives of organisation in proper manner. There are various operations which
are done by implementing various types of approach which aid to maintain effectiveness in
performing various types of functions of company (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).
The manager and leaders determine condition and situation of marketplace and
accomplish some changes in the organisation. This aid to increase effectiveness in performing
different types of work in proper manner. There are different types of leadership styles which are
implemented by company in order to increase the productivity of different types of products in
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proper manner. This leadership also regulate various employees as per their capability to
perform different types of work in effective manner.
Situational leadership: This style is related to increase in potency in performing different types
of work in effectual manner (Littlefield, Nallathambi and Chanchlani, 2016). This style is used
by the manager of M&S is to increase skills and working efficiency of contrastive kind of
employee in proper way. These leadership theories aids to complete different types of activities
of organisation in descent manner. These are help to increase the effectiveness in performing
different types of activities of organisation in effective manner. These are the two individuals
which aids to accomplish goals and objective of organisation in effective way (Singhaland
Singhal, 2012). They implement various kind of new and advance technology which aids to
perform various operation in smooth manner. This aids to manage and control different types of
operation in effective manner
System leadership: This leadership style is implemented by the organisation in order to
accomplish different types of operation which are performed in organisation in effective manner.
This aids to ascertain needs and want of customer in proper manner. The main objective of this
theories is to monitor the performance of organisation in proper manner. It also aids to remove
the various issues and problems of different operation in effective manner (torbacka, 2011).
There are various strategies which are implemented by manager and leaders in order to maintain
effectiveness in performing various activities organisation in effective manner.
CONCLUSION
According to this report, it has been concluded that the manager and leaders are the most
important assets for any organisation. There are assorted theories of leadership traits which are
used by the manager in order to control various operations to enhance the performance of
company. There are diverse types of strategies which are adopted by company. There are
different types of style and traits which are used by the organisation in order to accomplish goals
and objectives of organisation in effective manner.
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REFERENCE
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Cochran, J. J ., Cox, L.A. and Kharoufeh, J.P. Eds., 2011. Wiley encyclopedia of operations
research and management science. Wiley.
Crevier, B., Cordeau, J. F. and Savard, G., 2012. Integrated operations planning and revenue
management for rail freight transportation. Transportation Research Part B:
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Grunig, J. E., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge.
Jørgensen, S. and Zaccour, G., 2012. Differential games in marketing (Vol. 15). Springer Science
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Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Littlefield, D. A., Nallathambi, V.K. and Chanchlani, G., CommVault Systems Inc, 2016. Data
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protocol data. U.S. Patent 9,244,779.
Singhal, K. and Singhal, J., 2012. Opportunities for developing the science of operations and
supply-chain management. Journal of Operations Management. 30(3). pp.245-252.
Storbacka, K., 2011. A solution business model: Capabilities and management practices for
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