Leadership Theories in Context to Values, Ethics, Beliefs, Character

This report explores the critical characteristics of leadership, emphasizing the importance of values, ethics, character, and beliefs. It analyzes various leadership theories, including trait theory, behavioral theory (autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire), contingency theories, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership, in the context of these core elements. The report provides examples illustrating the characters of leaders like Jack Ma and Mark Zuckerberg, highlighting the role and impact of philosophical paradigms in shaping leadership styles. It concludes by underscoring the necessity of ethical leadership in inspiring individuals to act responsibly and ethically, ultimately contributing to organizational success. Desklib provides students access to similar solved assignments and study tools.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:................................................................................................................................................2
Characteristics of leadership:.......................................................................................................................2
Analyzing the values, ethical and beliefs dimension of character:...............................................................3
Introduction, contextualization, analysis of leadership theories in context to beliefs, values, ethics and
character:.....................................................................................................................................................4
Trait theory:.............................................................................................................................................4
Behavioral theory:...................................................................................................................................5
Autocratic leaders:...................................................................................................................................5
Democratic leaders:.................................................................................................................................5
Laissez faire leaders:...............................................................................................................................5
Contingency theories:..............................................................................................................................5
Transformational leadership:...................................................................................................................5
Transactional leadership..........................................................................................................................6
Examples illustrating the characters of the leaders......................................................................................6
Role and Impact of Philosophical Paradigm................................................................................................6
Conclusion:.................................................................................................................................................7
References:..................................................................................................................................................8
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Introduction:
Leadership is considered to be the both research and use of practical skills to influence, lead and
motivate the person to achieve his goals and objectives. It is also one of the most important
contributing factors responsible for the growth and success of the company. The job of a leader
is not an easy task, they have to be flexible and adaptive to cope with the ever-changing need of
the situation. Values, character and ethics are the characteristics of a leader on which the
leadership stands (Anatasia, 2017). The leader has clear head when it comes to what they want,
what they value and understand the significance of ethical behavior in business conduct which
eventually forms the value system of their leadership style. The leaders are always expected to
showcase very high standard of values, ethics, character and belief in their behavior and
leadership style in order to lead the organisation by motivating and influencing people.
This report will explore all the traits and characteristics of a leader and along with the ideas of
beliefs, values and ethics in the style of leadership (A.Wright, 2011). This paper will further
analyses the challenges and consequences of using those ideas in the everyday business granted.
Characteristics of leadership:
The term leadership management focus mainly stresses on the communication skills, vision,
intelligence, people skills, business acumen and even boldness. But none of these qualities are
valid in the absence of functional leadership quality of a character. The good character is a
reflection of trust and one of the prerequisites of leadership (Anon., 2011) . The trust is the factor
which helps in building relationship with the people and in its absence, people may not follow
the leader and eventually failing the very first principle of leadership. Hence, it is very important
for the leader to showcase good character in their behavior so that they can win the trust, faith,
love and respect of the people. During the initial days of leadership, good character identified a
person who scored high on responsibility forgiveness and compassion. This implies that person
who only speak truth partly can’t be trusted in normal situations and person who always finds
someone to pass his blame on falls on the category of a bad leader. It is also observed that a
person who has gained trust among his workers is a sign of a good character and these also the
makes the person an epitome of trust.
Qualities of a trustworthy person:
• These types of people remain consistent in their behavior even at the time of crisis.
• These people are true and works with honesty and hence are trustworthy
• They remain true to their words stay by their promises and never fails to deliver.
• These people always believe in collaboration and focuses on common goods of the
people rather than an individual; himself.
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There have been several researches on this topic and have concluded that character is nurtured
rather than being natural.
Building blocks for the development of strong character in leaders are:
 Values- The values in the simplest term is the values that a leader resonates month. For
example- Compassion, harmony, caring / belonging, integrity, etc.
 Feeling of true Identity: By this we simply mean, an individual understanding about
himself and his own belief.
 Integrity: It is by far the strongest building block of character in individual. Integrity is
simply aligning an individual’s actions, thoughts and feelings with the values (Anon.,
2013).
Hence from the above description states the significance of notion of strong and good character
as the factor which contributes towards great leadership. It also highlights that for converting a
character into trait requires proper implementation and creation of plans for the character value.
Eventually the character in turn helps in building trust and which can help in establishing good
relationship between followers and employees.
Analyzing the values, ethical and beliefs dimension of character:
As per the above discussion, it is clear that character requires nurture instead of being in the
inherent nature of individual. This is done by shaping the values, beliefs and ethical dimensions
of an individual (Anon., 2016). The leaders of the past have shown greater level of ethical value
and belief system in the particular organisation. The values in an individual is a deep rooted and
social belief which form the main basis to assist the individual on his path on leadership. The
objective of social value is to create a set of pre-defined standards which would serve as a guide
to meet all the needs of the organisation and oneself. The kind of leaders who do not create a set
of values for themselves takes the organisation and its followers towards misery. Hence, it can be
said that values are the ideas or beliefs that guides and affects the choice of action for an
individual.
Jack ma of Alibaba is known to be one of the greatest visionary of 21st century and he has
standard values and belief system in his character which has greatly helped his organisation and
him to taste success in very small period of time. Jack ma practices value of trust in his behavior
i.e. the trust on his employees and has helped his organisation to become one of the leading e –
commerce giant (Husain, 2018).
Another example which demonstrated similar kind of culmination of strong belief and value
system in his behavior is the chief executive and founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg. In
reference to the recent incident of data theft by Cambridge Analytical and the role of Facebook
in the influencing the result of US presidential election, the CEO showcased strong character
(Trapp, 2018). He took the responsibility of the incident formed an action pan to make sure such
kind of the incident does not repeat itself in the future. This showed the strong character
reflection of integrity, responsibility in Zuckerberg. He faced the whole world and did not shy
away from the responsibilities and neither feared the US attorneys and stood tall and believed
that what was true is true, which gained a lot of appreciation, admiration and respect not only
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from his fellow co-workers or his employees but also from the Facebook user and other business
leaders from all over the world.
The leadership is a way of establishing relationship between people and which by the way is also
the ability to inspire someone and is one of the major characteristics of effective leadership
(Cavazotte & Moreno, 2013). There is a very important role of ethics in defining and shaping the
characters of a leader. The ethics is not only limited to doing the righteous thing rather its also
the inherent nature of individual and how to act according to situation or circumstances. For
example; if doing certain things which is no right ethically but it will derive greater good for the
society or community then such instances can either be criticized or appreciated. This can be
further explained by the biography of Steve jobs. Steve jobs, founder of Apple Inc. is not only
one of the most inspiring and charismatic leader of his time but also was one of the controversial
leaders of that time. During his tenure he did couple of things which we ethically wrong, for
example: the imitation of infrastructure of the Microsoft windows in order to develop the
platform of IOS. The limitation of infrastructure of the xerox for the creation of mouse. Although
these instances were not correct but it revolutionized the artificial intelligence and brought
unique user interface through the introduction of Mac, iPhone, etc. He came up with the most
innovative ideas which challenged the giants like Microsoft and Google. This changed the
paradigm of the personal computer market. Hence, such exception in ethics prevails in the
organizational ecosystem. Thus, the use of ethical leadership should not be for stopping or
preventing people from doing wrong things but it should b used to influence people to do the
right things.
Introduction, contextualization, analysis of leadership theories in context to beliefs, values, ethics
and character:
The leadership theories from decades has been the source to numerous research studies Although
it has been there much before the introduction of globalization and liberalization in corporate
world (Crossan, et al., 2012). However, this has evolved from previous theories to the modern
theories as per the changing scenario of the world. There has been great research on the
leadership theories in last 100 years. There are number of leadership theories which have used to
define and create better understanding and analysis of various leadership style.
All the existing leadership style focuses on the values, characters, ethics and belief of a person:
Trait theory:
The trait theory of leadership mainly focuses on the personality traits and various characteristics
that are linked to some other successful leadership under various situations. This theory is
suggestive and states that leader in general have traits which separates them from other leaders.
There are certain traits which are classified as the traits that a successful or effective leader have.
These traits can be classified by analyzing the behavior or character of leader (Cherry, 2018).
The traits like integrity, empathy, respect, good decision making, ethical understanding, etc. are
categorized as the traits of an effective or successful leader.
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Behavioral theory:
The behavioral theory analyzes the habits and behavior of the leader and what they do in
common to inspire or get support from their followers.
Autocratic leaders:
The autocratic leaders are the kind of leaders who do not involve other persons in decision
making and take decisions on their own. Moreover, the suggestion from the other team members
does not influence the decision of the leader or decision being made. This type of leaders has
strong characters and prefer to believe in themselves instead of involving others in decision
making process (Leonard, 2018). They believe they are the only one or their decision is the best
as per the situation. Thus, these leaders have strong reflection of boldness, confident,
assertiveness, supremacy in their character.
Democratic leaders:
This type of leadership is best suited for small and medium scale organization. In this, the leader
takes the input from his team members or the advisors and based on their advices a collective
decision is taken (Rometty, 2016). This style of leadership is for the organizations which have
small number of people or have less span of control. This leadership style demonstrates the
characteristics of respect and trust towards others.
Laissez faire leaders:
This type of leadership style gives the workers or the employees of the company the power in
making and exercising their own decision. This style is best suited when the employee should be
capable and motivated towards the common objectives of the company. The style of leadership
has higher chances of failing, if the leader is lazy or distracted towards other activities rather than
the organization’s benefit (Ingram, 2018). The leaders have trust and belief on their employees
which make them rely on them at the cost of the company. This is not practiced or used in many
parts of the world because of its uncertain and unrealistic approach.
Contingency theories:
This theory was introduced on the ideology that the leadership style is flexible and
leaders need to adapt themselves according to changing circumstances to ensure the
success of their business (Bell, et al., 2014). This leadership style gives enough choices
to the leaders to decide which leadership style best fit the scenario and a style is picked
which is more relevant to the situation. The Fiedler contingency model and path goal
theory are the most popular and significant contingency theories. The leaders of this
style are characterized by their flexibility and adaptation.
Transformational leadership:
This leadership style is practiced by the modern-day leaders of the world. This is the
contemporary style of leadership in which the leaders take the feedback and
suggestions from their subordinates to identify the issue and changes that need to be
incorporated in the organisation. These leaders create a vision for the company and
have the ability to translate the same into the organisation. The leaders following this
have the ability to transform the organisation on the basis their relationship with the
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employees, to inspire, influence their vision. The founder of Amazon, Jeff Bezos
practice this leadership style and is characterized by passion, empathy, change agent,
relationship builder, visionary and reliability.
Transactional leadership
This style of leadership is based on influence and power and these leaders believe that
people do work only for rewards and no other reason. These leaders’ belief in
rewarding the workers or employees for their good work and punishing them for the
bad work. This style focuses on building and developing of jobs on the basis of the
rewards (Luthans, 2011). The characteristic of this leadership style is being passionate
towards work, being practical and having strong dedication towards the job.
Examples illustrating the characters of the leaders
The multinational American company, Enron which operated its business in commodities,
energy and services is an example of bad and unethical leadership which eventually made the
company insolvent. The CEO of the company, Jeffrey Skilling formed a team of executives who
made themselves involved in unfair trade by inflating the financial figures of the company
(Clifford, 2107). The leader made his executives to hide the actual loss and debt of the company
and only showed the positive figures on the financial reports. This made them earn huge profits
by inflating the share prices by poor financial reporting. The profit was earned before anyone
could realize the unethical wrong doing and later made the shareholders to lose millions. This
instance showed the unethical behavior by keeping self-interest over others and is also an
example of destructive leadership. These types of leaders do not have any ethical and moral
obligation towards their followers and often demonstrates bad behavior.
Similarly, another leader Jack Welch who with his transformation and participative leadership
style took the company to greater heights of success. This only happened because of the leader
articulation towards his vision, passion towards work and on a mission of sustained growth of
General Electric. He believed that at times when the company fails to handles the pressure to be
in the competition tends to indulge in unethical ethics, value and character in the long run can
produce much better results for the people and the society (Pirouz, 2017) .
Similar to Jack Welch, Bill gates of Microsoft believed that to be sustainable in the
longer run the leader has to follow strong professional conduct and character favorable
to both people and the society. Bill Gates in his entire career never indulged in
unethical behavior even at the time of spat with Apple, he continued with his work by
taking moral grounds. Thus, a true leader is one whose leadership style reflects in his
character.
Role and Impact of Philosophical Paradigm
The development in leadership came in early 19th and 20th century in the western world and is
now based on the behavior of the leaders in the present-day context (Clifford, 2107). These types
of leaders are characterized by the modern values, character, traits, sympathies and stick to what
is significant. At times, the leader tends to bypass the ethical consideration in leadership and act
according to what is good for the society. The co-founder of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs was a kind of
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leader of modern world. He had all the traits and character of a contemporary leader and using
the same he took Apple to greater heights of success. The leader of the modern world has added
responsibility of competing with contemporaries by focusing on sustained innovation. Thus, the
role of these modern leader is by far more challenging and demanding in present context to the
old leaders.
On the other hand, critical management follows the early stage of leadership. It states
that, the modern-day leadership style is full of problems and challenges which affects
the decision-making process in critical situations. It evolved from the study of classical
Greek, medieval and modern social scientific ideas. These are the key characteristics of
leadership in the past and present. But, the modern leaders have transformed critical
management into present day leadership style where the leaders use modern day traits,
character and values for the success of the organisation.
Conclusion:
From the above paper it is evident that the leadership style has evolved from the last
couple of decades and has adopted the traits and shapes of present day society. In
current context, the leaders need to be flexible and adaptive according to the changing
needs of the society. The leader strength is tested on the type of behavior and character
he demonstrates at critical stage. The good leader bails out his people and organisation
at critical stage by the virtue of its strong ethical, social conduct and by showcasing
strong character values. The beliefs and values of a leader differentiate him from the
other leaders. The leader who follow transformational style of leadership have a
character which is a reflection of his vision, respect, belief and trust towards is workers
and stands firm pillars of sustained growth. This is the reason it is considered as one of
the most effective leadership style.
Thus, it is apparent that strong character, values, confidence and belief are the traits of a
successful leader and is prerequisite of effectiveness and efficiency of leadership ability.
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