Leadership Management Report: Challenges and Solutions at Camp Apex
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This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership challenges at Camp Apex, a company facing issues with employee morale and productivity due to an autocratic leadership style and a lack of employee empowerment. The report identifies key challenges in managing organizational transition, highlighting the negative impacts of directive leadership and a lack of financial incentives. It then proposes the implementation of transformational leadership as a solution, emphasizing its potential to improve employee engagement, foster creativity, and increase competitiveness. The report suggests specific actions to develop leadership competencies, including interpersonal skills, team goal setting, and career development opportunities. Finally, it outlines a process for evaluating the success of the proposed changes through employee and customer surveys, as well as team effectiveness assessments, concluding that transformational leadership is the most appropriate approach to achieve sustainable organizational success and expansion.

Running head: LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Leadership Management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note
Leadership Management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Identification of Key Leadership Challenges in Managing Transition...........................................2
Importance of Effective Leadership in Making Difference to Organization...................................4
Proposition of Justified Action to Develop Competencies of Leadership along with Encouraging
Creativity.........................................................................................................................................5
Indication of Process Used to Evaluate and Measure the Success of Proposals.............................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Identification of Key Leadership Challenges in Managing Transition...........................................2
Importance of Effective Leadership in Making Difference to Organization...................................4
Proposition of Justified Action to Develop Competencies of Leadership along with Encouraging
Creativity.........................................................................................................................................5
Indication of Process Used to Evaluate and Measure the Success of Proposals.............................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

2LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Introduction
The assignment helps in analyzing the different kinds of leadership challenges which
affected the overall morale of the followers and it affected the overall productivity of the
organization in a negative manner as well. Furthermore, there was lack of necessary capacity to
evaluate the strengths along with weaknesses of the employees and it led to the low performance
of the employees and organization. In addition, the different kinds of effective skills of
leadership are required to be analyzed which will be beneficial for the overall success of the
organization in an appropriate manner.
Identification of Key Leadership Challenges in Managing Transition
From the respective case study, it can be identified that there were different issues faced
by the leaders and the followers in the organization and it affected the morale of the followers
and it led to the negative productivity in the organization as well. In the Camp Apex, it was being
noticed that the progression routes are linked to the process of the individual related setting along
with delivering the set of the individual targets. It has been identified that these individual targets
are not linked with the long term organizational objectives and it causes different conflicts
between the various team and departments as well.
From the different discussion of the managers and the subordinates working in the
organization, it can be analyzed that there was directive leadership approach wherein the
different managers of the company tried to apply the hands-on approach in the case of the time-
sensitive tasks as the main aim is to deliver the tasks and focus on the short-term objectives. As
commented by Willis, Clarke and O'Connor (2017), the directive leadership is one of the most
Introduction
The assignment helps in analyzing the different kinds of leadership challenges which
affected the overall morale of the followers and it affected the overall productivity of the
organization in a negative manner as well. Furthermore, there was lack of necessary capacity to
evaluate the strengths along with weaknesses of the employees and it led to the low performance
of the employees and organization. In addition, the different kinds of effective skills of
leadership are required to be analyzed which will be beneficial for the overall success of the
organization in an appropriate manner.
Identification of Key Leadership Challenges in Managing Transition
From the respective case study, it can be identified that there were different issues faced
by the leaders and the followers in the organization and it affected the morale of the followers
and it led to the negative productivity in the organization as well. In the Camp Apex, it was being
noticed that the progression routes are linked to the process of the individual related setting along
with delivering the set of the individual targets. It has been identified that these individual targets
are not linked with the long term organizational objectives and it causes different conflicts
between the various team and departments as well.
From the different discussion of the managers and the subordinates working in the
organization, it can be analyzed that there was directive leadership approach wherein the
different managers of the company tried to apply the hands-on approach in the case of the time-
sensitive tasks as the main aim is to deliver the tasks and focus on the short-term objectives. As
commented by Willis, Clarke and O'Connor (2017), the directive leadership is one of the most
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3LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
common approaches of leadership which is being followed by the companies wherein the
directive leader initiates the project, provide the different subordinates with the responsibilities
along with application of specific standards to the work quality which have been generated
(Rabbani et al. 2017). In the respective scenario, the leaders set deadlines and exercise different
rules as well as boundaries. However, due to the usage of the respective style, it reduced the
collaboration among subordinates as the managers believed their experience as well as
knowledge is valuable to project (Thorpe 2016). The growth of the employees is the secondary
aspect which reduced the overall morale of the employees.
For instance- Janika Chibbi, who is the senior instructors complained and filed her
frustration in which she mentioned that the bosses are delegating the tasks, however after a
certain span of time, the bosses themselves are taking over the task to perform it.
From the instance, it can be summarized that the main issue regarding the leadership
approach is that it is autocratic kind of leadership, and it is demotivating the employees to a large
extent as well. In addition, it has been noticed that directive aspect of leadership, the work
burden and the entire aspect is highly dependent on the leaders which has affected the morale of
the employees which forced them to leave the current jobs and apply for the other companies
(Mesu, Sanders and Riemsdijk 2015).
The other issue was relating to the lack of financial resources which can be used as the
aspect to motivate the staffs in the organization. Therefore, due to the respective reason, the
employees, specially the younger generation are tempted away to the different organizations
which are providing high pay and they have scope of showcasing their viewpoints appropriately
(McCaffery 2018).
common approaches of leadership which is being followed by the companies wherein the
directive leader initiates the project, provide the different subordinates with the responsibilities
along with application of specific standards to the work quality which have been generated
(Rabbani et al. 2017). In the respective scenario, the leaders set deadlines and exercise different
rules as well as boundaries. However, due to the usage of the respective style, it reduced the
collaboration among subordinates as the managers believed their experience as well as
knowledge is valuable to project (Thorpe 2016). The growth of the employees is the secondary
aspect which reduced the overall morale of the employees.
For instance- Janika Chibbi, who is the senior instructors complained and filed her
frustration in which she mentioned that the bosses are delegating the tasks, however after a
certain span of time, the bosses themselves are taking over the task to perform it.
From the instance, it can be summarized that the main issue regarding the leadership
approach is that it is autocratic kind of leadership, and it is demotivating the employees to a large
extent as well. In addition, it has been noticed that directive aspect of leadership, the work
burden and the entire aspect is highly dependent on the leaders which has affected the morale of
the employees which forced them to leave the current jobs and apply for the other companies
(Mesu, Sanders and Riemsdijk 2015).
The other issue was relating to the lack of financial resources which can be used as the
aspect to motivate the staffs in the organization. Therefore, due to the respective reason, the
employees, specially the younger generation are tempted away to the different organizations
which are providing high pay and they have scope of showcasing their viewpoints appropriately
(McCaffery 2018).
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Importance of Effective Leadership in Making Difference to Organization
After the overall analysis of the respective scenario of the frustration and the problems
which were faced by the employees working in the organization, it was noticed that the proper
and effective approach of leadership is one of the essential tools which can be adopted by the
Camp Apex as to improve the morale of the employees and it will be beneficial in achieving the
competitiveness in the market (Hwang et al., 2015). With the implementation of the
transformational leadership theory, it will be one of the most successful approaches to improve
the scenario. As commented by Hoch et al. (2018), in the transformational leadership approach,
there is proper interaction between the followers and the leaders which helps them in inspiring
one another to advance together.
Through the application of the transformational leadership, it will be appropriate in
nature for the company and the higher officials to retain the customers along with the employees
in their organization. The application of the respective leadership will be able to engage the
employees along with seek to satisfy the different needs along with the needs of the organization
appropriately (Hallinger and Wang 2015). The higher officials can be provided with the training
and education which will be incorporating the idealized influence which is regarding building
confidence along with trust and the leaders will be serving as the role model for their
subordinates.
While delegating the tasks, there will be incorporation of the trust factor which will be
applicable for managing the group of employees in the organization. There will be quick
formulation of the vision that will assess the current situation of the company as well as provide
the scope for growth and improvement as well (Gopee and Galloway 2017). With the application
of the transformational leadership, it will be used as the inspiration for the different individuals
Importance of Effective Leadership in Making Difference to Organization
After the overall analysis of the respective scenario of the frustration and the problems
which were faced by the employees working in the organization, it was noticed that the proper
and effective approach of leadership is one of the essential tools which can be adopted by the
Camp Apex as to improve the morale of the employees and it will be beneficial in achieving the
competitiveness in the market (Hwang et al., 2015). With the implementation of the
transformational leadership theory, it will be one of the most successful approaches to improve
the scenario. As commented by Hoch et al. (2018), in the transformational leadership approach,
there is proper interaction between the followers and the leaders which helps them in inspiring
one another to advance together.
Through the application of the transformational leadership, it will be appropriate in
nature for the company and the higher officials to retain the customers along with the employees
in their organization. The application of the respective leadership will be able to engage the
employees along with seek to satisfy the different needs along with the needs of the organization
appropriately (Hallinger and Wang 2015). The higher officials can be provided with the training
and education which will be incorporating the idealized influence which is regarding building
confidence along with trust and the leaders will be serving as the role model for their
subordinates.
While delegating the tasks, there will be incorporation of the trust factor which will be
applicable for managing the group of employees in the organization. There will be quick
formulation of the vision that will assess the current situation of the company as well as provide
the scope for growth and improvement as well (Gopee and Galloway 2017). With the application
of the transformational leadership, it will be used as the inspiration for the different individuals

5LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
in the organization which will be appropriate for reducing the frustration and the resistance
among the employees which will be the successful application for the company’s growth in
contrast of the other competitors which are present in the market.
Therefore, from the above, it can be identified that due to the autocratic (Democratic)
type of leadership, the different employees in Camp Apex were frustrated as they did not have
the freedom to showcase their ideas. However, with the implementation of the transformational
approach of leadership, it will be appropriate for the company to improve the overall
competitiveness and it will be appropriate for them in competing with the others in the market
which are present (Ghasabeh, Soosay and Reaiche 2015).
Proposition of Justified Action to Develop Competencies of Leadership along with
Encouraging Creativity
There are different kinds of skills which can be applied as to develop the different
competencies of the leadership as well as encouraging the creativity among the individuals who
are the subordinates working in the organization. Firstly, the interpersonal skills are the actions
which can be incorporated by the leaders in the respective organization as it will improve the
morale of the employees and it can gain productivity (Cherry and Jacob 2016). The development
of the interpersonal skills can be done by becoming the active listener and the leaders need to
provide opportunities to the subordinates as it will be effective in managing the team
appropriately.
Proper empowerment of the team along with providing the subordinates the scope of
showcasing their viewpoints is the other aspect which should be followed by the leaders in
encouraging creativity. As commented by Bush, Bell and Middlewood (2019), the good
in the organization which will be appropriate for reducing the frustration and the resistance
among the employees which will be the successful application for the company’s growth in
contrast of the other competitors which are present in the market.
Therefore, from the above, it can be identified that due to the autocratic (Democratic)
type of leadership, the different employees in Camp Apex were frustrated as they did not have
the freedom to showcase their ideas. However, with the implementation of the transformational
approach of leadership, it will be appropriate for the company to improve the overall
competitiveness and it will be appropriate for them in competing with the others in the market
which are present (Ghasabeh, Soosay and Reaiche 2015).
Proposition of Justified Action to Develop Competencies of Leadership along with
Encouraging Creativity
There are different kinds of skills which can be applied as to develop the different
competencies of the leadership as well as encouraging the creativity among the individuals who
are the subordinates working in the organization. Firstly, the interpersonal skills are the actions
which can be incorporated by the leaders in the respective organization as it will improve the
morale of the employees and it can gain productivity (Cherry and Jacob 2016). The development
of the interpersonal skills can be done by becoming the active listener and the leaders need to
provide opportunities to the subordinates as it will be effective in managing the team
appropriately.
Proper empowerment of the team along with providing the subordinates the scope of
showcasing their viewpoints is the other aspect which should be followed by the leaders in
encouraging creativity. As commented by Bush, Bell and Middlewood (2019), the good
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6LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
managers are the ones who are able to provide proper direction to the company along with
autonomy at once. By setting proper team goals, it will be giving the subordinates or the team
members with the accurate picture of the goals which are required to be achieved by them within
the stipulated time frame (Boin, Stern and Sundelius 2016). The cultivation of the trust is the
most important attribute of the transformational leadership which will play a vital role in
managing the ideas appropriately.
The career development is the other approach which will be appropriate in the respective
organization as it will be helpful for the managers in managing the teams. The managers in the
organizations play vital role in the professional development of subordinates which will be
appropriate for managing their morale and it will motivate them in staying in the organization
(Bell, Dodd and Mjoli 2018). There can be introduction of both non-financial and financial
rewards that can be effective in engaging the employees in the different work which are
performed in the organization along with improving their attitude towards performance of the
work which will be effective in reducing the quit percentage in the respective organization Camp
Apex.
With the proper vision and strategy for the team is the other technique which can be
effective in providing direction to different employees in the team and it will be accurate for the
success of the firm in the competitive environment. As a team lead, in accordance to the
encouragement of the team members, it is mandatory for the team leader to create a vision which
will be supported by the ideas of both employees and the leaders as it will be helpful in achieving
the goals and improve the direction of the team (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). The
motivation is the crucial element which should be given the maximum focus in order to improve
the engagement among employees and achieve the goals.
managers are the ones who are able to provide proper direction to the company along with
autonomy at once. By setting proper team goals, it will be giving the subordinates or the team
members with the accurate picture of the goals which are required to be achieved by them within
the stipulated time frame (Boin, Stern and Sundelius 2016). The cultivation of the trust is the
most important attribute of the transformational leadership which will play a vital role in
managing the ideas appropriately.
The career development is the other approach which will be appropriate in the respective
organization as it will be helpful for the managers in managing the teams. The managers in the
organizations play vital role in the professional development of subordinates which will be
appropriate for managing their morale and it will motivate them in staying in the organization
(Bell, Dodd and Mjoli 2018). There can be introduction of both non-financial and financial
rewards that can be effective in engaging the employees in the different work which are
performed in the organization along with improving their attitude towards performance of the
work which will be effective in reducing the quit percentage in the respective organization Camp
Apex.
With the proper vision and strategy for the team is the other technique which can be
effective in providing direction to different employees in the team and it will be accurate for the
success of the firm in the competitive environment. As a team lead, in accordance to the
encouragement of the team members, it is mandatory for the team leader to create a vision which
will be supported by the ideas of both employees and the leaders as it will be helpful in achieving
the goals and improve the direction of the team (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). The
motivation is the crucial element which should be given the maximum focus in order to improve
the engagement among employees and achieve the goals.
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7LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Engaging the employees in the process of change management is the other aspect
which should be adopted by the higher management officials of the company Camp Apex as it
will be reducing the resistance to change among the employees. In many scenarios from the case
study, it has been noticed that the autocratic and directive kind of style of leadership, the
subordinates are not given scope to showcase their ideas and it affected their morale
(Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). As to reduce the respective kind of scenario, the
different employees need to identify the different kinds of views which are shared by them and
they need to be considered as to improve their morale.
From the different analysis of the actions which are required to be adopted by the higher
officials at Camp Apex as to encourage the creativity and minimize the resistance and disruption
during the process of change, it will be one of the most effective processes that can be effective
in improving the scenario and ensure that the employees are motivated which will increase their
morale and it will be allowing them to achieve the objectives with full positive motivation and
energy.
Indication of Process Used to Evaluate and Measure the Success of Proposals
According to the case study, it has been identified that Camp Apex is now trying to
expand their business operations in the other parts in the South West of United Kingdom.
However, there have been issues relating to the motivation among the team members which
affected the productivity of the company negatively in contrast to the other competitors present
in the market. In order to incorporate the transformational leadership in the organization, the
overall success of the respective proposals can be measured through survey done among the
different employees and customers of the company Camp Apex and analyze their views.
Engaging the employees in the process of change management is the other aspect
which should be adopted by the higher management officials of the company Camp Apex as it
will be reducing the resistance to change among the employees. In many scenarios from the case
study, it has been noticed that the autocratic and directive kind of style of leadership, the
subordinates are not given scope to showcase their ideas and it affected their morale
(Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). As to reduce the respective kind of scenario, the
different employees need to identify the different kinds of views which are shared by them and
they need to be considered as to improve their morale.
From the different analysis of the actions which are required to be adopted by the higher
officials at Camp Apex as to encourage the creativity and minimize the resistance and disruption
during the process of change, it will be one of the most effective processes that can be effective
in improving the scenario and ensure that the employees are motivated which will increase their
morale and it will be allowing them to achieve the objectives with full positive motivation and
energy.
Indication of Process Used to Evaluate and Measure the Success of Proposals
According to the case study, it has been identified that Camp Apex is now trying to
expand their business operations in the other parts in the South West of United Kingdom.
However, there have been issues relating to the motivation among the team members which
affected the productivity of the company negatively in contrast to the other competitors present
in the market. In order to incorporate the transformational leadership in the organization, the
overall success of the respective proposals can be measured through survey done among the
different employees and customers of the company Camp Apex and analyze their views.

8LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Moreover, there should be different training and development sessions which can be
incorporated in the organization as it will be accurate in measuring the team effectiveness. As to
understand the effectiveness of the team, the main aspect which should be adopted is to check
whether the supervisors are incorporating the ideas of the individuals as it will be helpful and
appropriate in showcasing their views and gain competitive advantage in the competitive
environment of business. From the entire analysis, it can be analyzed that the transformational
leadership is the most appropriate approaches which can be adopted by the companies to gain
competitiveness in the market.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be inferred that the leadership is one of the most challenging processes
which should be maintained and followed by the leaders appropriately. In managing the different
subordinates in the organization, it is essential to understand the viewpoints of the subordinates
or the team members as they are the crucial part of the team. However, from the overall analysis
of the case study, it can be identified that there was lack of morale among the subordinates as
their views were not taken into consideration which affected their morale.
Due to the directive leadership approach, the supervisors did not consider the different
viewpoints of employees which affected the overall productivity of the organization. However,
the scenario can be changed through the implementation of the transformational leadership
approach that will be appropriate for understanding taking into account both the viewpoints of
subordinates and supervisors to generate a successful result in the future.
Moreover, there should be different training and development sessions which can be
incorporated in the organization as it will be accurate in measuring the team effectiveness. As to
understand the effectiveness of the team, the main aspect which should be adopted is to check
whether the supervisors are incorporating the ideas of the individuals as it will be helpful and
appropriate in showcasing their views and gain competitive advantage in the competitive
environment of business. From the entire analysis, it can be analyzed that the transformational
leadership is the most appropriate approaches which can be adopted by the companies to gain
competitiveness in the market.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be inferred that the leadership is one of the most challenging processes
which should be maintained and followed by the leaders appropriately. In managing the different
subordinates in the organization, it is essential to understand the viewpoints of the subordinates
or the team members as they are the crucial part of the team. However, from the overall analysis
of the case study, it can be identified that there was lack of morale among the subordinates as
their views were not taken into consideration which affected their morale.
Due to the directive leadership approach, the supervisors did not consider the different
viewpoints of employees which affected the overall productivity of the organization. However,
the scenario can be changed through the implementation of the transformational leadership
approach that will be appropriate for understanding taking into account both the viewpoints of
subordinates and supervisors to generate a successful result in the future.
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9LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
References
Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., and Ololube, N. P. 2015. A review of leadership theories,
principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management, 5(1), 6-14.
Bell, C., Dodd, N., and Mjoli, T. 2018. The Effect of Participative and Directive Leadership on
Team Effectiveness among Administrative Employees in a South African Tertiary Institution. J
Soc Sci, 55(1-3), 81-91.
Boin, A., Stern, E., and Sundelius, B. 2016. The politics of crisis management: Public leadership
under pressure. Cambridge University Press.
Bush, T., Bell, L., and Middlewood, D. (Eds.). 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cherry, B., and Jacob, S. R. 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., and Reaiche, C. 2015. The emerging role of transformational
leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459-467.
Gopee, N., and Galloway, J. 2017. Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage.
Hallinger, P., and Wang, W. C. 2015. Assessing instructional leadership with the principal
instructional management rating scale. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., and Wu, D. 2018. Do ethical, authentic, and
servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-
analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529.
References
Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., and Ololube, N. P. 2015. A review of leadership theories,
principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management, 5(1), 6-14.
Bell, C., Dodd, N., and Mjoli, T. 2018. The Effect of Participative and Directive Leadership on
Team Effectiveness among Administrative Employees in a South African Tertiary Institution. J
Soc Sci, 55(1-3), 81-91.
Boin, A., Stern, E., and Sundelius, B. 2016. The politics of crisis management: Public leadership
under pressure. Cambridge University Press.
Bush, T., Bell, L., and Middlewood, D. (Eds.). 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cherry, B., and Jacob, S. R. 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., and Reaiche, C. 2015. The emerging role of transformational
leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459-467.
Gopee, N., and Galloway, J. 2017. Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage.
Hallinger, P., and Wang, W. C. 2015. Assessing instructional leadership with the principal
instructional management rating scale. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., and Wu, D. 2018. Do ethical, authentic, and
servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-
analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529.
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10LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Hwang, S. J., Quast, L. N., Center, B. A., Chung, C. T. N., Hahn, H. J., and Wohkittel, J. 2015.
The impact of leadership behaviours on leaders’ perceived job performance across cultures:
Comparing the role of charismatic, directive, participative, and supportive leadership behaviours
in the US and four Confucian Asian countries. Human Resource Development
International, 18(3), 259-277.
McCaffery, P. 2018. The higher education manager's handbook: effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.
Mesu, J., Sanders, K., and Riemsdijk, M. V. 2015. Transformational leadership and
organisational commitment in manufacturing and service small to medium-sized enterprises: The
moderating effects of directive and participative leadership. Personnel Review, 44(6), 970-990.
Rabbani, S., Imran, R., Shamoon, S., and Kamal, N. 2017. Directive Leadership and Satisfaction:
A Unique Relationship. Advanced Science Letters, 23(1), 337-340.
Renz, D. O. 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John
Wiley & Sons.
Thorpe, R. 2016. Gower handbook of leadership and management development. CRC Press.
Willis, S., Clarke, S., and O'Connor, E. 2017. Contextualizing leadership: Transformational
leadership and Management‐By‐Exception‐Active in safety‐critical contexts. Journal of
Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90(3), 281-305.
Hwang, S. J., Quast, L. N., Center, B. A., Chung, C. T. N., Hahn, H. J., and Wohkittel, J. 2015.
The impact of leadership behaviours on leaders’ perceived job performance across cultures:
Comparing the role of charismatic, directive, participative, and supportive leadership behaviours
in the US and four Confucian Asian countries. Human Resource Development
International, 18(3), 259-277.
McCaffery, P. 2018. The higher education manager's handbook: effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.
Mesu, J., Sanders, K., and Riemsdijk, M. V. 2015. Transformational leadership and
organisational commitment in manufacturing and service small to medium-sized enterprises: The
moderating effects of directive and participative leadership. Personnel Review, 44(6), 970-990.
Rabbani, S., Imran, R., Shamoon, S., and Kamal, N. 2017. Directive Leadership and Satisfaction:
A Unique Relationship. Advanced Science Letters, 23(1), 337-340.
Renz, D. O. 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John
Wiley & Sons.
Thorpe, R. 2016. Gower handbook of leadership and management development. CRC Press.
Willis, S., Clarke, S., and O'Connor, E. 2017. Contextualizing leadership: Transformational
leadership and Management‐By‐Exception‐Active in safety‐critical contexts. Journal of
Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90(3), 281-305.
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