Leading Change: Analysis of Strategies and Organizational Impact

This report examines the multifaceted aspects of leading change within organizations, utilizing case studies of House of Fraser, Marks and Spencer, and Nokia. The report delves into the impact of change on organizational strategy and operations, comparing technological and structural changes. It evaluates how internal and external drivers influence leadership, team dynamics, and individual behaviors, providing insights into organizational culture, financial management, and technological advancements. Furthermore, it explores measures to mitigate the negative impacts of change, such as internal factors like organizational culture and poor delivery, and external factors like technological change and globalization. The report also analyzes barriers to change and their influence on leadership decision-making, applying different leadership approaches across various organizational contexts. The analysis includes the use of models such as the Burke-Litwen Paradigm and the continual improvement approach to offer recommendations for effective change management.

Understanding and
leading change

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations....................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours within an organisation.......................................................................4
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour..............................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision- making in a given organisational context....................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
contexts........................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Administrative design is characterized as differences in the role of an institution's
workspace. Organizational transformation occurs if an institution is adversely influenced by both
internally and externally influences (Chin, 2018). It is among the most fundamental ways to
motivate businesses to enhance their competitiveness. Major societies may efficiently
accommodate developments in a well-defined approach by possessing an adaptive tendency
toward their rules, goals, working environment, and functional model. Two tasks are presented in
this article. The very first concept conversations took place at House of Fraser and Marks and
Spencer, whereas engagement 2 took place at Nokia. In this study, initial talks have taken place
about the effects of migration on every firm's strategies and processes, as well as the various
enablers. As well as this, the paper discusses how internally and externally market drivers effect
overall team actions, as well as governance within House of Frazer and M & S. This initiative
also incorporates steps to mitigate the adverse impacts of synthetic. This study also covers the
use of the Burke-Litwen Paradigm, the continual improvement approach, and structuralism.
Finally, the company receives a suggestion.
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations
A performance management is defined as a system that establishes distinct measurements in
which the group's actions occur in order to achieve the issuer's mission and vision in a well-
defined approach. Oversight, obligations, tasks, and tasks are among the tasks. This covers the
dissemination of knowledge as well.
As per the stated example, the picked companies are House of Fraser and Marks and
Spencer. House of Frazer is a European store that specializes in the retailing industry. The group
was launched in 1849 and has its headquarters in Britain, United Kingdom. Sparked, dress
materials, souvenirs, makeup, sports, and other items are available from the brand. Whereas
Marks and Spencer is an English corporation that provides retailing services. The business was
launched in 1884 and is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. A foundational contrast
between Marks and Spencer and House of Fraser is outlined in the following table:
Basis Marks and Spencer House of Fraser

Technological Change To make drastic changes
within purchasing process, this
business is using a point-of-
sale (POS) technology. In
addition, companies use
personal computers to keep
abreast of the current product
development available.
Furthermore, this group offers
users the option of online
purchases in order to make
their buying experience more
convenient (Conrad and
Aðalsteinsdóttir, 2017).
In order to provide its goods to
the most up-to-date layout in a
timely manner, the firm
operates modern technology.
Reduce flaws for the unit with
the goal of increasing effective
corporate efficiency.
Furthermore, in order to ensure
long-term viability in today's
crowded marketplace, entities
must significantly improve
their infrastructure in
accordance with the changing
situation. Furthermore, it's
been discovered that a
company's total financial
analysis can suffer if it does
not have an internet business.
Technology Adopted Marks and Spencer
implemented smart phone
image recognition software as
a marketing platform in its 959
UK location. Furthermore, the
business makes use of
“position intellectual ability”
software to readily measure
footfalls throughout its shops.
Associations require several
kinds of technology to achieve
optimal firm productivity.
Organizations deploy many
pieces of applications, such as
productivity information
system, in compliance with
existing technical innovations.
Structural Change The team hired consolidation It's been determined the

including its producers in order
to deliver new items in a
timely manner. It's been
determined that even an online
platform has a considerable
impact on an institution's total
sales in the United Kingdom.
Furthermore, the corporation
implemented a regulatory
regime in order to generate
quality organizational goods.
Furthermore, the firm formed a
foundational partnership
alongside California-based
Fetch Robotics in order to
benefit of machine learning in
order to handle offer quality in
a well-defied and productive
way.
expanding House of Fire's
business activities in European
nations that they're not already
entrenched will result in a
considerable rise in total
efficiency and revenues. The
main motivation for businesses
to grow is to maintain
manufacturing costs low in
order to attract potential
customers in a well-defined yet
productive way (Dudar, Scott
and Scott, 2017).
Differences in Organizational Approaches to Change- According to the provided
research, it's been determined that each of the aforementioned firms compete in the same
commerce manufacturing industry. Aside from this one, it's been discovered that both Marks and
Spencer and House of Fraser have a variety of challenges inside their governance forms. It's been
discovered that Marks and Spencer successfully ensures structural strength. Furthermore, they
have significant arrangements in place with local production to assure timely supply of goods
and services. Organizations must successfully analyze market dynamics in order to become
successful. House of Fraser, on the other hand, offers its items / solutions at a discounted price
when competition intensifies. For such a company, “pricing strategy” is used. Furthermore, it has
been determined and inside the company, there is still distinct staff that's also involved in the
decision of examining relevant prevalent customer preferences.

Similarities in Organizational Approaches to Change- It's been discovered that these
businesses operate in much the same manufacturing industry, indicating some degree of
similarity between organizations. Marks and Spencer and House of Fraser provide a diverse
variety of products and services to their users in order to significantly boost corporate value.
Furthermore, it’s been determined that although working in same sector, the patterns and tactics
used inside the firm seem to be the same the majority of times. Through this, they share the
common values, which would be to secure long-term survival by providing clients with high-
quality goods and services that properly satisfy clients.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation
It's been determined that transformational structure is among the most essential factors
because it is unavoidable. Companies can efficiently accelerate their development and adoption
of transformation. This management is accountable for efficiently analyzing existing trend
developments and formulating plans (Evans, Karvonen and Raven, 2016). It successfully
benefits businesses by ensuring its long-term viability in a very well method and gaining greater
economic advantages over rivals. It has been discovered that by reaping the benefits of
innovation, organizations can efficiently obtain improvements from a lot of potential that exist in
the industry. Aside from this one, it's been discovered that transformations have an effect on the
operations of companies in a variety of methods. It's also been observed that several changes
happen and majority of the workers to embrace change. Therefore, in order to accurately execute
transformation inside the manufactured goods, firms must successfully manage its goals, rules,
and procedures in order to produce the highest possible company effectiveness.
Drivers of change- It is viewed as a group of variables that have an effect on the entire
operation of a company or sector. It has been noted that manufacturing firms are under
substantial forced to produce substantial improvements in their actions that contribute to planned
culture. Transformational leaders can operate in both the opportunities and threats. It also has an
effect on teams, as well as personal performance inside the enterprise. To effectively replicate
practices to ensure its practical launch, management must make well-informed decisions and

then develop well-informed strategies, processes, and regulations to increase the object's
capabilities in a well-defined style.
Internal factors and their impact- Internal forces are mostly in the authority of the
employee's management. There really are a few different examples of domestic factors that are
described below-
 Organizational culture- Company performance encompasses factors such as customs,
ethics, perceptions, and beliefs of employees that conduct work. This had an effect on the
employees' actions. It is critical for businesses and have the most successful procedures
and programs in place so that they can successfully address employee performance,
efficiency, and revenue, among other things. It's been concluded that people at House of
Fraser actively offended against on the basis of their ethnic background due to the
prevalence of Corporate Culture Favouritism. But at the other side, at Marks & Spencer,
a favourable connection among workers is reflected in a high staff retention rate.
 Poor Delivery- It’s been observed that businesses experience challenges mostly involved
in service reliability and quality, which has a detrimental effect on the institution's
likelihood proportion across all of its locations. In the case of Marks & Spencer, its been
determined that clients do not receive their ordered things via web retailer in a timely
manner. The fundamental cause of that was a lack of efficient supply chain. Furthermore,
it’s been determined that House of Fraser implemented project convenience to consumers
in order to enhance customer contentment in a well-defined style.
 Financial Management- Economics is referred to as the soul of any firm, irrespective of
company size or breadth. As a result, it is critical for a company to better address its
finances as well as to carry out all other tasks in the most efficient ways imaginable. A
group's various operations, such as the production process, unique architecture, and so
on, can be chosen to carry out if resources are properly managed. It is critical for Marks
and Spencer to assure that companies offer both goods and administrations while keeping
customer satisfaction at a low cost basis. But at the other side, by making a massive
number of investors, a firm can successfully secure long-term profits and, as a result,
boost its whole revenue basis significantly (Guo and Yiu, 2016).
External forces and their impact- External parties have an influence on the organizational
setting in this way. Furthermore, it isn't under authority of the giant retailer or managers. As a

result, it is critical for senior managers to develop well-executed plans and procedures in
overcoming the impact of external factors on the organization's operations.
 Technological Change- Industry is advancing at a breakneck pace, affecting business
processes in a lot of formats. There are numerous breakthroughs and developments that
occur in the physical conditions. As a result, it is critical for businesses to take advantage
of the new technology in order to stay profitable. In the case of both Marks & Spencer
and House of Fraser, it is critical that both corporations greatly enhance their
technologies and refresh it on a routine basis.
 Globalization- It entails variety and also foreign extensions of an organization ’s
operational in order to improve revenue. It has been discovered that where there is an
easily accessible, there is still a lot of opportunity. It is necessary to preserve resources in
the most efficient way that guarantees produced in large quantities. In the case of Marks
& Spencer, it was determined that the corporation benefited from a strategic advantage as
a result of its reputation. House of Fraser, but in the other contrary, lacks meaningful
recognition because their trade is limited to the Great Britain.
Impact on leader, individual and team-
Leader Individual Team
A manager should assess and
comprehend the developments,
as well as their impact on the
workforce. Companies may
alter its strategies by choosing
a style of leadership that is
appropriate for the occasion.
Workers possess unique
responsibilities and are slow to
adapt in the workplace.
Manager should encourage
them to embrace criticism and
try to improve overall
performance (Jones, 2018).
The side's managers are in
charge of promoting
innovation. As a result, they
should concentrate on
structuring their instructions
for group members in a way
that is acceptable to all.
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour
Change is characterised as being one of an organization's most significant processes,
regardless of its size or range that leads to increased competitiveness gains. Its been determined
that transformation has both a beneficial and bad effect on the organization's operations. It is
critical for Marks & Spencer to adopt strategically important actions in order to cope with them

effectively and minimise negative fluctuations. Some of the initiatives listed bellow can be
implemented by a business-
 Marks & Spencer must ensure that stable money study is undertaken in order to
accurately measure latest developments and indicators in the corporate environment.
With the assistance of such a firm, it will be able to effectively accept changes in a timely
manner and convey them to staff in order to make sure its decent guidance through a well
prescribed way.
 Marks & Spencer is expected to conduct instruction in order to deliver useful
information to staff in preparation for the changes that will be implemented by the
company. The primary objective of the these practice sessions should be to adequately
educate personnel to deal with dramatic switch, manage such circumstances without
anxiety, and carry out the transformation in the most efficient way possible (Patton,
2020).
TASK 3
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making in a given organisational context.
Organizational transformation is described as a systematic for altering organizational
tactics, technologies, processes, environment, norms, and policies. Planned transition, corrective
development, health sector reform start changing, and people-centric structural development are
the four forms of change management. Furthermore, when a firm implements change in the
workplace, it faced a number of roadblocks, resulting in a difference between expected and
actual procedures. This disparity has a significant impact on several work behaviour such as
productivity, choice, as well as other daily operations. Throughout this circumstance, the
supervisor's and leader's duty and obligations are to accurately evaluate the industry and
corporate condition so that they can identify the various hurdles that they confront as a response
to a change. This will also assist them in formulating policies and tactics based on the obstacles
in order to tackle the problem. Nokia, for example, wants to support innovation and is doing
study to find the many hurdles that may occur as a result of implementing change in the
organization. The following are among the major obstacles that a corporation may face when
adopting change-

 Lack of employees’ involvement- It is among the most prevalent challenges or
impediments that a firm has when implementing change in the organization. It is
because employees are almost always resistant to change until they are a part of the
change process. It can sometimes occur as a result of firm management failing to
involve their staff in the transformation process or meetings linked to it. Workers get
demoralized as a result of this, lack of enthusiasm to embrace new transition cultures,
resulting in change hurdles. Similarly, Nokia also needs to be changed accordingly so
that it can foster in the long run (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nielsen, 2016).
There are major roadblocks that Nokia must overcome in charge of conducting
organizational changes in attempt to optimize their performance and efficiency and obtain a
positive reputation.
TASK 4
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
contexts.
There seem to be different designs or report analyses that a corporation can use to
effectively adapt to change. In the case of Nokia, there are 3 leadership styles that they might use
to change policy connected to downsizing, as explained below-
Kurt- Lewin’s change Model- Kurt Lewin established the respectful paradigm or
technique was came in 1940 that allows managers and leaders to better coordinate changes at the
company. Alteration must be implemented with as much sensitivity as feasible, by this method.
This will also assist a manager in four major pillars: conducting drastic shift or invention,
minimising disturbance to the structure's activities, and ensuring that the modification is lasting.
Unfreezing, change, and refreezing are the 3 parts in Lewin's planned change model (Šavija and
Luković, 2016). Nokia, for example, wants to implement reorganisation in order to get
competitive advantages in the growing audience. In the case of Nokia, a description of all steps
of the corresponding form is presented below-

Illustration 2: Lewin Change Model
 Unfreezing- It is also the initial step of the transformation process, and this is a vital
step wherein the firm managers and leaders must undertake a broad examination. In
addition, managers will guarantee that its staff is prepared to respond to changes at job.
In the case of Nokia, it would engage among its workers and inform people on the
organization's firm performance, as well as encourage workers to contribute fresh
feelings and concepts. It will be able to increase productivity as a result of all this,
because it will inspire or educate staff to embrace changes connected to the execution of
the reorganization approach (Schwartz, 2016).
 Change- The next step is to put the changes into action in order to achieve the desired
mission and targets. Accepting new ideas for just doing stuff or executing
transformation would be part of the respectful way. At this phase, the firm leaders and
managers must consider a variety of things, including effective timing, interaction with
the staff and service users, motivating people to participate in the technique, and so on.
Likewise, Nokia must engage its workers and also interact with its personnel in order
for them to feel inspired and involved in the process of change.
 Refreezing- It is the final stage in Kurt Lewin's Change paradigm, wherein the firm's
organization implement change and performance is complied with the established goal.
During this period, the top business will engage in various practices in order to
encourage people so that they would effectively evolve. In the case of Nokia, they shall

motivate their people to support a new strategy which will be successful, and also
execute appraisals recognition programs in the new circumstances (Wang, Kung and
Byrd, 2018).
Situational Leadership- This is a management style where a corporation's owner or
management can change its work or directing approach depending on the occasion. This is and
they're using it to inspire workers based on the requirements and needs of the work. It is also
referred to as adaptive, elastic, and data type since it allows a management or leadership to adjust
its work culture in response to the corporation's present circumstance. In the case of Nokia, its
executives can use a leadership style to persuade organizations to support restructure in an
efficacious way. Professionals may demonstrate five essential qualities in this regard: insight,
flexibility, trust, problem resolution, and coaching. This is because they were able to effectively
and attractively execute an agile manufacturing boost the productivity of it.
These would be the two basic transformational leadership that Nokia can use to undertake
restructure at their company in order to achieve desired aim, which is to acquire a competitive
edge (Wang, 2021).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that changing leadership is very important as well beneficial for the
company and thus has to be analysed and evaluated in a very precise manner so that it can add to
the value to the firm in the long run.