Analysis of Leading and Developing Teams in Subway Restaurant Report

This report examines the critical importance of team working for organizational success, focusing on leadership and team development within the context of a Subway restaurant. It begins by addressing a critical incident related to food safety and operational standards, highlighting the need for effective teamwork to meet consumer needs and maintain brand value. The report delves into various leadership and teamwork theories, including John Adair's action-centered leadership, Tannenbaum & Schmidt's leadership model, and Tuckman's teamwork theory, to provide a comprehensive understanding of team dynamics and leadership styles. Additionally, it explores motivational theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Hertzberg's two-factor theory to enhance employee performance. The report emphasizes the significance of effective communication, delegation, and negotiation skills for managers. In conclusion, the report stresses the integral role of team working and leadership in achieving organizational goals and ensuring customer satisfaction. The report uses Subway as a case study to analyze real-world applications of leadership and team development principles, offering practical insights for improving team performance, standard of practice and overall business success.

Leading and Developing
Teams

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
B1 Critical incident.................................................................................................................1
B2 Analysis and demonstration of leadership and team work theory....................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Team working is very important for the success of every organisation. The managers
must have the requisite qualities to lead the team in an efficient way to satisfy the customers
according to their need. With the help of this collaboration, any kind of business can reach its
destination. In this report, emphasis is given on leading and developing the team by taking an
example of Subway restaurant into consideration.
TASK 1
B1 Critical incident
To establish the brand value in front of the customers, it is important for all Subway
restaurants to serve quality food to the customers. They must have to be abide by strict standards
of services and cleanliness for the health and safety of the individuals. Managers have to
understand the policies and regulations related to consumer protection in a better way to grab
more and more attention of the people (Doppelt, 2017). Also, the techniques related to food
handling and storage has to be ameliorated to maintain the quality of food. In the given report, it
was indicated that the restaurant is not operating according to the Subway standards regarding
food safety, glove usage, food quality and the preparation. Since, this thing can cause adverse
effect to the health of the individuals, one must have to pay proper attention over it. For this, it is
imperative to implement the team working in an organisation. With the help of this, proper work
allocation can be done by bifurcating the task in number of hands according to their
appropriateness. This way, the manager can manage the affairs in a better way. The employees
with sound skills regarding food preparation have to be recruited. One should have a knowledge
of importance of the use of gloves while making food to implement the same into the
organisation. They have to follow the key principles of food hygiene while storage of the food
which is as follows:
 Prevent food contamination spreading from the people, pets or the pests.
 Separation of raw and cooked food to keep the cooked food in a safe way.
 Appropriate span of time and the temperature should be provided to kill the pathogens.
 Storage temperature must be appropriate.
 One has to use clean and safe water while preparing food.
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To assist in all the above tasks, team working is mandatory principle to be followed.
Proper coordination between the members of team will help to avoid any kind of confusion to
keep the standard of practices. Since, the second administration report also depicts the same
picture of the organisation, the managers have to understand appropriate theory and concept of
team working to implement the same with effectiveness in the organisation (Doppelt, 2017). To
develop these practices various theories and models of team working and leadership are taken
into consideration which is described below. Motivational theories should also be considered by
the managers to enhance the performance of the workers working in this sector. One has to abide
by the standards to capture the eyes of the stakeholders. This will help to improve the quality
standards to satisfy more number of customers. In this way, the organisation can set its brand
image in the market.
B2 Analysis and demonstration of leadership and team work theory
To have an appropriate understanding of team development and the leadership skills,
various theories and models are elaborated in this report. John Adair's theory of action centred
leader can be helpful to understand the importance of this kind of leadership in an organisation.
According to this, there are three elements to all the leadership situations which include the
achievement of the target, the group of individuals doing the task and each individual member
involved in doing the same. This approach is centred on the actions of the leaders. The leaders
have to maintain the equilibrium between the needs of all the factors depicted in the picture. For
an effective leadership, all these three factors must be balanced.
Illustration 1: action centred leadership
(Sources: Learn to be a leader booklet, 2015)
To assist in the same, one has to identify and evaluate the requirements of the tasks.
Proper communication of same should be done in between the group members. Steps to achieve
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the same must be planned in a proper way. Identification of resources and allocation of the
responsibilities according to the appropriateness must be done (Doppelt, 2017). Continuous
monitoring and evaluation of the progress of team must be done to get the feedbacks. This will
help to improve the factors which are not assisting in the progress. In this way, effective
leadership can be done for the growth of the organisation. The Subway restaurants also have to
implement this kind of leadership practice to improve the performance of the workers regarding
standard of food quality.
Tannenbaum & Schmidt (1958) model of Leadership can also be taken to explain various
kinds of leadership approaches to be followed according to the situation. Though there are many
kinds of leadership styles like autocratic (where the leader acts as boss towards the subordinates)
or democratic (where leader delegates some kind of authority to employees also) and relationship
oriented, where behaviour of the leaders will be somewhere in between these two practices. At
present, most of the leaders follow transformational leadership approach to increase the
involvement of the employees and to innovate new things into the organisation. This model
depicts that leadership action can be influenced by three forces, namely: forces in situation,
forces in the follower and forces in the leader. This indicates that the leadership style is very
much variable. The following image provided shows the spectrum of possible styles of leaders to
interact with the subordinates according to the need.
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Illustration 2: Tannenbaum & Schmidt (1958) model of Leadership
(Sources: Human resource textbook, 2014)
This shows that to enhance the performance of the subordinates, one has to give them
some kind of authority so that they can come out with the new thoughts. The same must have to
be done by the managers of Subway restaurants to coordinate with the employees in an effective
way. Also, the managers have to be a bit stringent so that the standard policies and regulation can
be complied with.
Similarly to form an effective team, Tuckman's teamwork theory can be taken to provide
an assistance.
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Illustration 3: The 4 Phases of Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory
(Sources: Teamwork article, 2016)
This graph shows the relationship between group (horizontal axis) and the task focus
(vertical axis). In forming stage, the individuals of the team try to find out their place and
introduce among themselves. In storming stage, they consider themselves as a part of team. They
try to challenge each other and the leader. This may lead to some sort of conflict. Then comes the
norming stage where team members collaborate with each other to plan the strategies to perform
the task. Then the final performing stage comes, where the plans are executed to attain the target
with efficiency. In this way, the team working has to be done for effective performance. Similar
thing must have to be complied by these Subway restaurants to emerge out as a successful
service provider. Team interaction must be appropriate for this. Members have to coordinate
among themselves about the things to be accomplished for the safety of the consumers. Proper
training and induction must be given to the employees so that they can understand the advance
techniques to prepare the food with hygienic standards. In this way, we can say that team
working plays an important role for the success of any business organisation.
Motivation also plays a significant role to enhance the performance of the employees. To
explain the same, the motivational theory of Maslow is taken into consideration. This theory is
related to the human psychology which says that the human motivation moves through
physiological, safety, love or belongings, esteem, self-actualization and self-transcendence from
bottom to the top.
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Illustration 4: six levels of MASLOW motivational theory
(Sources: Theory booklet, 2018)
These needs have to be satisfied to motivate them for a particular task. Managers have to
keep the same in mind. For this, the performance of the employees has to be tracked at regular
intervals. The managers have to provide incentives and rewards to the employees for their
performance (Parmenter, 2015). In this way, the employees can be kept satisfied. Due to this,
they try to work hard to perform in the most efficient manner. In this way, the overall efficiency
of the organisation can be enhanced. The Subway restaurants also have to adopt such kinds of
policies for the welfare of the employees. This will help to provide effective services to the
consumers. To assist the managers of these restaurants, Hertzberg's two factor theory (Hygiene
theory) is also taken into account.
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Illustration 5: Herzberg's hygiene and motivational factors
(Sources: BUSINESS STUDIES OF MOTIVATION, 2016)
This theory says that the dissatisfaction of the employees related to working condition,
policies and administration, salaries and the benefit, job security , personal life must be as low as
possible to keep them motivated (Hoch and Kozlowski , 2014). This also says that the job
satisfaction is related to the intrinsic factors and dissatisfaction is related to extrinsic factors. He
then concluded that certain factors are naturally present in all the organisations. The manager has
to manage all these affairs in a proper manner. They must have to ensure about their growth and
the advancement so that they can work with much more satisfaction. This will actually be
proportional to the growth of any organisation.
One has to understand the basic behind these theories to develop and lead the team in the
most appropriate manner. Leadership is a kind of tool to direct the person to perform a particular
task to attain the goal of an organisation (Fullan, 2014). The leaders should be of sound
characteristics to make the strategies as per the prevailing conditions of the market place. Team
development should be done in proper manner to avoid any kind of conflicts. The managers have
to implement such kind of practices so as to increase the involvement of the employees while
doing any task. This can be accomplished by proper bifurcation of the work so that the
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employees will not be in the trauma of work load. Some sorts of practices are adopted by these
restaurants but still many more changes have to be done to set the standard of practice.
Working skills of the team can be improved by implementing proper recognition programs,
encouraging social activities, outlining clear roles, identifying the existing problems and solving
the conflicts in a proper manner. In this way, the performance can be made efficient to attract the
eyes of more and more customers. Also, with the implementation of advanced techniques will
help to serve more number of customers. Appropriate online services must be provided. For this,
proper recruitment has to be done (Bolman and Deal, 2017). This will help to attract more
number of stake holders. The managers have an ability to negotiate successful agreements within
the target market .Influencing and negotiation skills are again important for the success of any
organisation.
There are various techniques of negotiation, like, by becoming hard on the problem and
soft on the people, focus should be given on needs and not the position, one has to inventive
about the win-win option, clear agreements must have to be made. To accomplish with the same
proper planning must be done along with the pre-condition. Proper engagement of time, power,
emotion, communication, questioning, listening, etc. be there. Post-negotiation must be done in
the sake of the business organisation. IN this way influencing and negotiation is done. The
managers have to be extra cautious about the same. Similarly, with the help of appropriate
leadership technique, delegation must be done in right way after considering all the factors.
The Subway restaurants has to follow such kind of trends to stand out in the target market
and to satisfy more number of customers. The managers have to adopt such techniques and
procedures to provide quality services to the customers.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, we can say that team working and appropriate leadership style is important
for the success of every organisation. With the help of this, requisite standard of practices can be
maintained to serve quality services to the customers. This will again serve as a tool to attract
more numbers of stakeholders.
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