Dissertation: Lean Management and Operations at JPR Tiling Consultants

This dissertation examines the application of lean management techniques to improve operations management, focusing on a case study of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited. The study explores the concept of lean management, identifies key techniques such as Kaizen, 5S, and Kanban, and analyzes their impact on operational efficiency and waste reduction. The research investigates the challenges faced during implementation and offers recommendations for optimizing production and other operations. The dissertation reviews relevant literature, outlines the research methodology, presents findings, and concludes with insights into the benefits of lean management in achieving continuous improvement and gaining competitive advantages in a globalized market. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how lean management can be effectively utilized to enhance operational performance within the construction sector.

Dissertation
1

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................6
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................10
Research approach.....................................................................................................................10
Research design.........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS and FINDINGS....................................................................................14
Key results and Analysis...............................................................................................................14
RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................22
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................25
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................26
2

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
In era of globalisation it has become difficult for companies to survive in market for long
term. This is because of stiff competition being faced by them. However, there is also decline in
their operational efficiency as well. But there are many new technologies which is available in
market. It is being installed and used in different types of operations. Through that, it has become
easy to perform operations (Al-Balushi, and Al-Mandhari, 2018). Moreover, in order to gain
competitive advantage, organisation is focusing on increasing value of product or service. For
this change are made into operations. There are various operational techniques that is applied. It
has resulted in making continuous improvement in entire operations. This has led to decrease in
cost of producing products or increasing efficiency. Furthermore, in organisation there are
different types of operations that is performed. It differs according to nature and type of
company.
Moreover, there are different types of operation approaches that exist such as TQM, lean, six
sigma, kaizen, etc. The use of approach depends on need of business. Also, each approach is
based on different concept and consist of varied features. Henceforth, each one works on certain
principles as well. In lean technique there are many other techniques like 5S, kaizen, poka yoke,
etc. that is applied to enhance efficiency of operations. Basically, they are used to improve
operational process and increase efficiency. It is necessary for to maintain quality and
productivity of operation so that goals and objectives are attained. Thus, if operations are not
managed in effective way then it leads to bring in inefficiency.
Background
In recent time, due to globalization corporate and other sector face many issues as it
increase the competition level high than before. Each and every organization efforts to become a
market leader and gain competitive advantages, they used several techniques and methods to
improve their operational efficiencies and manage operations in effective manner. Lean
management is helpful and useful method appropriate for managing operations management
(Biazzo, Panizzolo and de Crescenzo, 2016). It refers to technique created and used with aim of
minimizing procedure waster and increasing value of services or products. To carry research,
study is based upon JPR Tiling Consultants Limited which incorporated on 2012.
3

Now a days, many businesses are focusing on increasing their operational efficiency to
generate value of product or service. Also, innovation is implemented to change operational
process. It is useful in reducing cost and also in increasing profit. The procedure or way of
performing task is changed (Belfanti, 2019). It has provided new tools and techniques for
company to carry out their operations. Besides with change in it, productivity of organisation has
improved. Apart from it, employees are able to work in effective way. In addition to it, with
continuous improvement weak areas in it are identified and then strategy is developed to improve
it. Also, organisation productivity increase as there is transform in way of operations. Besides,
there are many models as well of continuous improvement. The use of model depends on type of
operation and nature of change. It focuses on generating value of service to customers.
Moreover, waste is eliminated as well by making continuous improvement in operational
process. so, in this way by making small changes in operations its entire efficiency is increased.
The main purpose of it is to excellence in operation. Apart from it, there are certain principles as
well that is applied in it. These principles provide a framework that how improvement is to be
made. It consists of some tools as well that is applied in it.
Basically, in manufacturing firms’ changes are made in operational process. It is because
it enables in reducing cost of production and eliminating waste. Besides it, by making changes in
it weak areas are determined and then improved. In this way, profit on products is increased.
Henceforth, eliminating waste leads to increase efficiency of production.
Rationale
It can be said that to gain competitive benefits and become a leader in specific sector or
market organizations must adopt and implement effective techniques that enhance operational
efficiency more than before. In respect of conducting this study, the reason behind selecting
current topic is relating to evaluating benefits which firms obtain after implementing lean
management techniques that help to improve operations management. Researcher is interested to
know the fact about how lean management techniques can support the continuous improvement
of operations management. Thus, it is interesting to collect data from varied sources regarding
lean management techniques which companies adapted to improve production operations.
It can be said that to gain competitive benefits and become a leader in specific sector or
market organizations must adopt and implement effective techniques that enhance operational
efficiency more than before (Grzelczak, and Werner-Lewandowska, 2016). In respect of
4

conducting this study, the reason behind selecting current topic is relating to evaluating benefits
which firms obtain after implementing lean management techniques that help to improve
operations management. Researcher is interested to know the fact about how lean management
techniques can support the continuous improvement of operations management. Thus, it is
interesting to collect data from varied sources regarding lean management techniques which
companies adapted to improve production operations.
Aim
The aim of this study is to analyze how lean management techniques can help continuous
improvement of operations management. A case study on JPR Tiling Consultants Limited.
Objectives
 To develop understanding about the concept of lean management.
 To determine the lean management techniques that can be used in operations
management.
 To identify the impact of lean management techniques on operations management.
 To assess the challenges faces by JPR Tiling Consultants Limited while implementing
lean management methods.
 To recommend Lean management techniques to JPR Tiling Consultants Limited with
regards to the enhancement of production and other operations.
Research Questions
 What is the concept of lean management?
 What are the impacts on operations management of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited from
lean management techniques?
 What are the challenges faced by organization when they implement lean management
techniques?
5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of lean management
According to Kornegay, (2020) lean is important for high value producing, it is complementary
to strategic decision making regarding production. For the past few years, competition among
companies in varied sector is getting tougher and hence tiling contractors across the world are
under persistent pressure to reduce costs and maintaining top level of quality while at the same
period meeting expectation of consumers. Lean management is considered as programme of
activities as well as techniques for running a service or manufacturing operation. It becomes a
global management tool used for delivering value & optimizing work procedures. The purpose of
this concept is developing value to target market by using available resources.
Parkhi, (2019) argued that there is no surprise that lean management is now increased
across sectors, because of their positive impact on organizations overall performance and core
values, lean concept appears to be word wide effective administration tool. Companies in all over
the globe would apply this concept in their businesses practices or manufacturing procedures
from production to marketing and development of software. It depends on three simple ideas
such as deliver value from client’s perspective, remove waste or unessential things and
continuous improvement. In context of business, this concept encourages and maximizes shared
leadership and accountability, lean management adopted widely across different sector to gain
many benefits such as increase profitability.
As said by Keyser and Marella, , (2016), lean management is an effective approach of
continuous improvement. It is based on improving process in continuous way. Moreover, it is
universal concept followed by all companies. Lean was firstly applied by Toyota in 1940. In this
they emphasized on eliminating process that does not generate value. this was done by making
continuous improvement in process. However, it is long term approach that led to enhance
quality and efficiency. There are 3 things on which lean focus that is to define value, eliminate
waste and to continuously improve process. furthermore, there are five principles on basis of
which lean management works. they are described as : (Lean management, 2019)
Identify value- This is first principle in which aim is to find out customer problem or issue.
Then focus in on developing a solution to resolve issue. Besides, if any process is not able to
generate value than it is considered as waste.
6

Value stream – In this it refers to map out process in which all people and activities are included
so that product is delivered to customers. So, it becomes easy for manager to find out which
process are being carried out by what teams and the people who measure and improve process.
In this way it is simple to determine which part of process does not bring or generate any value.
Develop a work flow – Here, a work flow is developed in which there is no intervention in
process. for this, lean management is applied. It allows in communicating in team that what
changes are to be done and when (Nowotarski. and Pasławski, 2016). Thus, by breaking entire
process into sub parts a smooth work flow in created. Thus, it facilitates feasible to remove
process without any interruptions.
Develop pull system- This principle ensure that there is continuous work flow of process and
tasks re carried out in more effective way and goals are attained. Usually, it is specifically a
technique that leads to eliminate waste from operational process. Apart from it, technique state
that new work in stared when there is demand. Hence, it helps in reducing cost and optimizing of
resources.
Facilitate continuous improvement- It is most important principle which state that there are
various techniques that is applied in organization. this can be related to what change are done in
process, people etc. in order to overcome barrier in it. Furthermore, in lean management there
may occur several issues in it as the technique is not static. Thus, it becomes necessary for staff
to contribute in continuous improvement to solve issue in it.
Lean management techniques
According to Nawanir and et.al., (2018) lean management approach is consisting with varied
types of techniques or it can be said methods that are very beneficial for manufacturers operating
in several industries. This concept is one of the great tools that eliminate unnecessary things in
any procedures by implementing effective techniques. Kaizen, 5S and Kanban is considered as
lean management approaches that are quite effective and helpful for companies.
On the other handAl-Balushi and Al-Mandhari,(2018) highlighted that all the lean
management techniques are important and beneficial for producers, but Just in time, Six sigma
and Jidoka are the best instead of above one because it provide quick results in systematic
manner. All these approaches work to determine the cause of issues and then develop urgency to
find permanent & suitable solutions.
7

According to Prinz,. and Kuhlenkötter, (2018) in lean management technique there are
several other techniques as well that is applied. It depends on need of organization that what
technique is suitable in it. Besides, each technique varies from one another in terms of their use
and concept. Also, all techniques are effective enough to bring improvement in process. Thus,
they are defined as below:
Kaizen- It is a Japanese word which is segregated as Kai means change and zen means good. So,
the purpose of this technique is to improve process in different ways. This continuous
improvement methodology will incorporate all elements of lean management technique.
However, in order to be successful each team will need to be empowered, they will have freedom
to make changes, and to be analyse, creative, and problem solvers. This combination will allow
teams to make rapid improvements to a specific product or process.
Poka yoke- This is also a Japanese word that means mistake proofing. it is commonly used lean
technique. The purpose is to prevent occurring of mistake in process. It uses a wide variety of
creative resources to prevent mistakes. Moreover, it employs visual signals that make mistakes
clearly stand out from the rest. Here, mistake is prevented from all operations such as
manufacturing, customer service, etc. (Wnuk-Pel, 2016)
5S- in this the 5S are sort, set in, shine, sustain and standardize. It focusses on organizing things
in effective way. The purpose is to reduce wasteful time and motion at a micro level. It is an
organized approach to housekeeping that ensures tools, parts and other objects are in optimum
locations. Actually, it is a framework to create and maintain workplace.
Impact of lean management techniques on operations management
Lee and Snyder,(2017) discussed that lean management is more like a guide for developing s
stable company that includes constantly and aid to determine actual issues and remove them
within operations or productions management. It can be said that lean management impact on
operations management of tiling companies in effective manner, it effects positively and improve
the production procedures much better than before. Continuous improvement is a main part of
lean management assuring that every worker is included in procedure of improving. It directly
impact on manufacturing activities in positive manner which in return increase profit margin and
sales of products.
Oliveros, Granja and Dionisio, (2018) contraction that lean by implementing Kaizen
method companies improve their work process in different of ways. It is a common Japanese
8

word for making or improving products or services better than before. This approach put positive
impact on business operations management as it improves the moral of staff and recommend for
betterment
As the impact of the continuous implementing of the guide in developing the proper
determination in the term of the actual issues and turning it out form the operational and
production managements in perfect manner. This procedure has the involvement of the all the
impact in positive and negative impact in manufacturing acts as procedure of improvising in
term of manufacturing industries in positive manner in term of the return in way of increasing
there profit margins and sale of products (Kornegay, 2020). It has provided new tools and
techniques for company to carry out their operations with the respect of change and
productivity of organization to be improved. Thus, it is interesting to collect data from varied
sources regarding lean management techniques which companies adapted to improve production
operations. This is the have the facts as the lean management have the supporting the continuous
impregnates o term of operation managements. This is the need to have the various sources
regarding the lean managements techniques which companies adapted to improve production
operations. This have turned out to be becoming the global managements tool in order for the
offering the value and optimizing level of services which area visible at the mare in the perfect
manner. Besides, each technique varies from one another in terms of their use and concept. Also,
all techniques are effective enough to bring improvement in process. Lean management is
applied. It allows in communicating in team that what changes are to be done as new work in
stared when there is demand. Hence, it helps in reducing cost and optimizing of resources.
As per the understanding it can be celery stated as the long-term approach that led to enhance
quality and efficiency (Lee and Snyder, 2017). It focuses on generating value of service to
customers as work flow is developed in which there is no intervention in process. This have
turned the manager the easier aspects to find out which process are being carried out by what
teams and the people who measure and improve process. As the impacts , there is clear level of
dependences for the company to have the look of there perspective of the clients in term of
reducing and resolve of waste as concept which maximizing there graded level of leadership
and adsorption of the lead mandating along with acceptability across different sector to gain
many benefits such as increase profitability.
Challenges faced by companies when they implement lean management techniques
9

Siasos and et.al., (2017) stated that when management implements lean approaches they can
enhance performance as well as productivity level rather than before. But while implementing
techniques organizations had face different challenges due to certain reasons. Leadership
problem create biggest challenge in front of administration to use Kaizen and other methods at
workplace. Ineffective leadership style affects negatively upon progress and success of business
as it restrict people to work with lean management methods and do not allow them to follow its
principles in effective manner. In simple words, without appropriate leaders and their styles
workers are unable to determine the issues and improve performance. They always need
guidance and directions to move towards long term success which is possible only when leader
guide people in ethical manner.
As per the (), it can be clearly sated as the issues in order to pertaining the slow moving
business level of intelligence , the requinto of the flexible invertasomes m data integrity and the
modular processing’s which are extended to the several various issues, as the parts of there lean
implementations which have the major level of imperative IT issues which have the
requirement of the addressed at simultaneously levels to ensure the greatest level of impacts in
the business outcomes in perfect manner. On the other the Pearce. and Pons., (2019) have stated
that’s the product engineer tends to have the nor level of direct contacts with the requirement of
clients. So, there is basic need to have their sales and the customer service and departments
which are more level of specialized un the solving the client problems with the off the shelf
consultations in the most efficient manner. It focuses on generating value of service to customers
as work flow is developed in which there is no intervention in process. As per the view of the ()
there is need for he more level over investment an return in term of business unit as this can be
lead to have the finances uncertain projects with the cross department funds in order to have
the maximizing the pivot possibilities. Thus, it is interesting to collect data from varied sources
regarding lean management techniques which companies adapted to improve production
operations. Hence the is the need to be successful each team will need to be empowered, they
will have freedom to make changes, and to be analyses, creative, and problem solvers. This
combination will allow teams to make rapid improvements to a specific product or process.
10

JUSTIFICATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION
Importance of this research and important to find what researcher are trying to find
In respect of this research, the reason behind investigation is to investigate the impact of
lean management methods on production and other functions of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited.
Conducting research based on above topic is really very essential because it helps to understand
lean management concept and its benefits for companies such as tiling manufactures. With this
research it is quite easy to examine the techniques comprise with lean management used by
many companies to improve and enhance their business practices rather than before after
implementing lean management methods. The main aim of this investigation is to assess lean
management techniques which directly impact on production process and help to eliminate
ineffective things that do not require storing for longer within organization (Garza-Reyes and
et.al., 2018). While conducting this research researcher is able to determine varied lean
management techniques such as Kaizen, Just in time, 5S, Poka Yoke, Six sigma and KANBAN.
JPR tiling consultants limited supply stone, porcelain and ceramic tiling within luxury and
commercial residential sector, they need to provide the better quality work to consumers
according to their needs and expectations. It is possible when management use and apply
effective and most suitable technique that save time and reduce waste things which in return
enhance production activities as well as functions better than organization competitors.
In context of this research, researcher tries to investigate and evaluate how lean
management approaches supports and help continuous improvement of operations management
in effective manner. Investigator is interested to know fact; they seek to find out the best
technique appropriate for chosen company (Pearce and Pons, 2019). Researcher wants to
evaluate benefits and impact of lean management techniques on production and other operation
management which is quite beneficial for growth and success of business. With the help of this
investigation researcher analyze how organization improves their operations and manage their
business practices by implementing lean management techniques. All the method is simply
production strategy that strives to improve and enhance a business return on investment by
reducing & eliminating in procedure inventory and related carrying costs.
11

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research types
It is one of the most effective methods which can be utilize by researcher in this study to carry on
whole investigation and is of two kinds that is quantitative and qualitative research. For the
current research project, investigator has made use of qualitative research type. It is mainly
because of reason that investigator want to obtain theoretical knowledge of benefits of lean
management techniques on JPR Tiling Consultants Limited business operations.
This have been considered as the essential’s aspect of the research methodology as there is
helpful in collecting with information. In addition to the achieving the data in respect with aims
and objectives. The qualitative approach as there study have the major level of focus on the term
of observations and survey as the time to dedicated the with aid of accomplishing the aim and
ejectives of the research. .
Research approach
This is another way researcher can use while conducting research in order to gather data
regarding research topic that help to analyze how lean management techniques help continuous
improvement of production and other business function management. It defines as assumption on
which entire investigation is based and is of two kinds deductive and inductive. In context of this
study research can be used inductive research approach because it is not based on developing
hypothesis more it is rely on formulation of objectives and aims. The benefit of this method is
flexible as investigator does not have to follow any pre-identified data.
This is the process which have the scanting of the different stages of the wider premises to have
detailed approaches of the gathering, analysing an interpreting the information. Inductive
approaches have the concerned as the emerging theory of their information. W this have been,
apposite approaches in doing the qualitative research’s as the ensuring the desired growth to take
places is takins places which is need to aid for the accomplishing the aims and objectives.
Research philosophy/Paradigm
Along with above research methods, it is also considered as one of the most important one.
Research philosophy defined as values & thinking’s that linked with continuation of
investigation. It is distinguished into two categories that are positivism and interpretivism. In
context of this research, research can be used interpretivism because of purpose that this
12

philosophy is the best appropriate with qualitative investigation and will outcome in more
relevant information belong to above topic. It helps to gather correct data that achieve set aims
and objectives of this study.
This have been the value and being the mode as the process which tend to be easily collected,
value. Research philosophy defined as values & thinking’s that linked with continuation of
investigation ted and utilized as the utilized of the information or data (Sanders and et.al., 2017).
The philosophy which is going to be used in the research includes both positivism and
Interpretivism. The present research is going to make use of Interpretivism approach. Hence the
reach will be following more level of depths with enduring the better level of squashiest as the
ad to makes ether accomplishment of sim and objective in the perfect manner.
Research design
It is defined as framework which is being utilized by researcher in this study to conduct
investigation in effective and efficient manner. Research design method is distinguished into two
categories descriptive and exploratory. In order to complete current research researcher can made
utilize of descriptive research design as it help them in comprehend impact of Lean techniques
on management of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited operations and how does it work for business.
They chose this method because it also aid to observe phenomenon in a fully natural &
unchanged natural environment.
Research design is an important and effective framework which is being used by scholar for
conducting study in an effective manner. Descriptive and exploratory are 2 research designs.
Exploratory research design is all about hypothetical data in which researcher tries to connect
some ideas in order to understand effects as well as cause for taking better decision (Cuneen and
Tobar, 2017). Whereas, descriptive research design helps researcher in describing something in
an effective manner such as characteristics and functions or positive side of a topic which helps
them out in accomplishing goals.
Data collection
This method play really very important role in this research as it help researcher to gather
data related to aim and objectives of study. It can be done with either secondary or primary
source of data. In context of this study investigator has utilize a combination of secondary &
primary sources of information. This method is chosen because of fact that both sources caters
13

for a good set of info and data which includes reliable and valid way of data related to above
chosen topic.
It is one of the important elements of research methodology as without collecting data it is not
possible for researcher to conduct as well as making research study successful. Primary and
secondary are 2 data collection types. In primary data collection, researcher gathers new and first
hand data and in secondary data collection they gather second hand data which may be used
before by others for the same research study (Franzitta and et.al., 2020). Questionnaire, surveys
are some sources of primary data and books and journals, internet are some sources of secondary
data. By making use of both primary as well as secondary researcher conducts and make study
successful as it allows him to get relevant information to lean management and its importance.
Data analysis:
It is another essential step in overall population as this outcome in conclusion of this research.
After collection data from varied sources researcher analyze gather info in order to drawn
findings and conclusion at the end of this study which help readers to known at what extent lean
management techniques aid to continuous improvement of operations management (Kumar,
Dhingra and Singh, 2018). Hence, for this research investigator use thematic analysis as it
includes use of charts, bar graphs and tables to present data being gathered.
After collecting primary and secondary data researcher find requirement of making data
accurate and relevant by which he can make use of them in conducting study. Researcher
believes that sometimes data which they collect are not accurate so, by analyzing them they
make them accurate. There are 2 types of data analysis such as qualitative and quantitative. For
analyzing non numerical or qualitative data, researcher use qualitative data analysis tools like
thematic analysis and for analyzing numerical or quantitative data they use quantitative data
analysis tool. This is qualitative research so, researcher uses thematic analysis qualitative tool.
Sample:
It defined as procedure used by researcher to statistical analysis in which a encoded number of
observation are taken from a wide population. Sampling method can be distinguished into two
different types of categories non-probability and probability. For current research proposal
sample of 30 workers of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited was being selected with aid of random
sampling approach under Probability sampling. Researcher could not consider any alternative
they think it is the best among list of many.
14

Sample refers a group of people which are being selected by researcher as a target people for
gathering data. A procedure of collecting people is known as sampling. It is being categorized
into 2 types such as random and non random. When people are being selected randomly or there
are no set criteria of selecting them then it is known as random sampling method. Whereas, when
people are being selected on some set criteria by researcher like gender of people, experience,
age and others then it is known as non-random sampling. For this study researcher uses random
sampling because it is biased free and it makes selected people feel valued and motivated (Puy
and et.al., 2018). 30 employees of JPR tiling consultants will be selected as a sample for
gathering data.
Ethical consideration:
Access and ethics
Ethical consideration
While gathering data via data collection methods researcher will find out the information
related to research topic from valid sources. There are many ways to obtain data, but the most
common methods are group focus, taking with people, surveys. Investigator of this study must
assure that gathered info or data will be stored at right place so that is cannot be misused by
someone else.
Accessibility-
It is depend on problems which researcher of this study faces by working on this study.
They face problem of access denied in several websites and this somehow impact on findings or
further activities
Limitations
Qualitative research strategy can be used in this research by researcher as it helps to
understand other opinions as well in context of current research topic. There are some limitations
mentioned in context of above research strategy. As it is a time consuming procedure, it is labor
intensive method and complex to examine causality. Because this strategy is opening ended,
participants have more control over information of data gathered. So research with qualitative
research strategy is not able to evaluate outcomes objectively against content stated by
15

respondents. On the other hand, it can capture modified attitudes within focus groups such as
consumers of services or goods offered by JPR Tiling Consultants Limited.
Ethics refers moral principles as it makes researcher able to identify the different between the
right conduct and the wrong conduct. It is important for researcher to follow some codes of
ethics while conducting researcher as it improves their image and also allow them to make study
successful. Some codes of ethics include:
 To not force anyone to participate in research study.
 To provide fair and equal opportunity to sample of providing answers and share their
views.
 To keep all personal and professional information safe and secure.
 To not hurt anyone in any manner
 To not disclose collected data with other researcher and firms.
16

17

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS and FINDINGS
Key results and Analysis
Theme 1: Lean management can help your
company in accomplishing their goals and
satisfying customers
Participants
Yes 24
No 6
Interpretation: On the basis of above graph it can be said that lean management plays an
important role as it allows companies in accomplishing their goals. In the context of JPR Tiling
Consultants Limited who provides better tiling and others customer services, found that it wants
to increase its sales by improving quality and satisfying customers. So, it is being asked from
employees of this company as they think that lean management can allow them in accomplishing
all of their goals then in this regard, majority or 24 employees sated that they think that lean
management has an ability of increasing efficiency and value which is important for
accomplishing goals which their company wants to achieve. On the other hand, 6 employees
said that they do not think that lean management plays role to great extent as there are several
other strategies are required for taking competitive advantages and accomplishing other goals.
18

Theme 2: advantages your company can get
by making use of different lean management
techniques
Participants
Increasing value 15
Increasing customers retention 6
Developing work flow 9
Interpretation: On the basis of above data it can be said that lean management has several
benefits of by implementing techniques of lean management JPR Tiling Consultants Limited can
take several advantages. In this regard, 15 employees of this company out of 30 stated that
according to them by making use of different techniques like Kaizen and 5S they can increase
value for customers. By applying these techniques, company can focus on improving quality of
products given to them and qualitative products lead to increase value and satisfaction among
customers. 6 employees said that their company can increase customer retention rate by
providing them errorless products as it makes customers feel valued and they are more likely to
stay with the company. On the other hand, 9 employees believe that work flow development is
19

one of the main advantages and benefits which their company can take because an effective
implementation of lean management allows communication in team which leads work flow.
Theme 3: The best technique of lean
management
Participants
Kaizen 14
5S 10
Poka Yoke 6
Interpretation: From the above graph it can be said that there are several techniques of lean
management which are being applied by companies as per the nature of their business as well as
goal of implementation. In this regard, 14 employees of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited said that
their company mainly focuses and implement Kaizen technique. This technique improves
process in different ways of their company and also allow them to incorporate all elements of
lean management technique. Whereas, 10 employees said that as per the nature of business and
accomplishing goals company implement 5S technique as this technique helps them out in
reducing wasteful time and motion at a micro level. 6 employees said that company implements
Poka Yoke technique for decreasing errors in production process. So, overall it can be said that
20

techniques of lean management allow them in continuous improvement of products and services
by reducing errors, wastes and others.
Theme 4: Disadvantage and problems your
company faces in lean management
Participants
Implementation cost 17
Unneeded motion in employees 7
Over processing 6
Interpretation: In the context of lean management it can be said that from above data that it not
only has positive effects but also have some negative effects. Implementation of lean
management and different techniques is not an easy task as company has to face several
problems while implementing such techniques. In this regard, majority of employees and 17
employees sated that implementation cost is one of the main problem and limitation as small
scale of companies cannot even think about implementing this technique of JPR Tiling
Consultants Limited is large scale company and has several employees so, it can implement but
21

still for managing inventory and processes at different locations and implementation of different
techniques can increase cost. 7 employees said that it increases unneeded motion in employees
and 6 employees said that over processing is other main problem. Sometimes company process
extra products and services than demand which cause this problem.
Theme 5: Lean principle can help to enhance
the quality of service operation and
improvement overall quality of product
Participants
Strongly agree 25
Disagree 5
Interpretation: Lean management has several advantages but all techniques have one main
advantage for which companies implement them. So, in this regard it is being identified that one
of the main advantages is it improves quality of products and services of company by reducing
errors as well as waste. But it is also important to know that whether employees of this company
believe it or not. In the context of effectiveness of lean management in service operation, 25
employees strongly believe that it helps company in improving overall quality of products.
Whereas, 5 employees said that only Kaizen and 5S cannot help company in improving overall
quality of products as there is requirement of implementing different other approaches like total
22

quality management, six sigma and others. Combination of all these approaches can allow
company in improving overall quality of their services and products.
Theme 6: Role of leadership in lean
management
Participants
Team alignment 15
Decision making improvement 9
Developing kaizen mind 6
Interpretation: In the context of management of any technique and implementation it can be
said that leadership plays an important role. Leader and manager are known as main pillar of the
company which allows them in accomplishing goals by using appropriate strategy and
techniques of leading others. Leader of an organization plays different role and in the context of
implementation of techniques of lean management it is identified that leadership mainly focus on
tem alignment as it is stated by employees. They also said that building an effective team as per
the experience and knowledge and helping them all in improving performance is the main role.
In addition, 9 employees believe that leadership help in making better decision regarding
deciding about implementing technique as which technique can help them out and also deciding
roles of all people. 6 employees said that leader help employees in developing their kaizen mind
for making use of this technique in an effective manner.
23

Theme 7: skills required in lean
leader for successful lean
management?
Participants
Ability to lead by examples 11
Motivation 6
Team working 13
Interpretation: From the above graph it can be said that for managing lean techniques,
leadership requires having several skills and according to the 11 employees’ leader requires
having ability to lead by examples and their leader posses this skill. BY this skill, leader guide
employees by providing appropriate and relevant examples in order to motivate them. In
addition, 6 employees said that self motivation as well as ability to motivate employees is
important for successful lean management. Whereas, 13 out of 30 employees said that their
leader posses’ team working skills and it allows employees in reducing errors and improving
performance in lean management.
Theme 8: Leadership style is being used by
your company?
Participants
24

Transformational 8
Transactional 13
autocratic 9
Interpretation: It is identified that leadership plays an important role but it is also important to
know about different and the best suitable style of leadership in successful implementation of
techniques of lean management. In this regard, 8 employees of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited
stated that their company focuses on using transformational leadership as in this technique
leaders guide and take participation in team for reducing errors and improving performance.
Whereas, 13 employees said that their leader use transactional style in which they motivate
employees by both rewards and punishment but according to them this style de-motivates
employees at workplace and they think they think their leaders should not have taken and used
this style. 9 employees said that their company use autocratic leadership and not allow
employees in decision making process regarding implementation of lean management
techniques.
Theme 9: Recommendations for better lean management and solving problems related to it
Interpretation: In this open ended question all employees were given fair as well as equal
chance of sharing their views and providing recommendations to company by which they can
25

make better use of lean management techniques. In this context, some employees said that they
think leadership plays an important role and their company should focus on using effective
leadership style like democratic, transformational in which they can guide all employees and also
can allow them in taking decision for making them feel valued. In addition, some employees said
that according to them employer of their company should focus on providing training to all
employees because lack of knowledge of implementation of techniques can have adverse effects
and for preventing against adverse effects by providing training company can increase
knowledge and can make better use of it.
RECOMMENDATIONS
On the basis o above study and data collection it is found that there are some areas which
needs to be improved by JPR Tiling Consultants Limited in order to better implementation of
lean management techniques and making it successful. In this context it can be recommended to
this company that it should focus on using better leadership style as it is one of the main
weaknesses of this. By making use of either demographic or transformational it can guide its
employees in a better way and can encourage them to put extra efforts in accomplishing goals of
company and implementing techniques successfully.
In addition, it can also be recommended to this company that it should develop training
and development programs and meetings as well as in order to communicate vision, ways of
using techniques, implementing ways to employees. These training can increase knowledge of
employees and can help them out in reducing errors and improving performance at their own
without taking help of others. By making use of 2 techniques at a time if it has financial stability
then also it can make better use of it and can increase customers satisfaction by providing them
continuous improved products and services.
CONCLUSION
From above analysis it has been concluded that lean management techniques are quite beneficial
in context of JPR Tiling Consultants Limited. By implementing and following the stages of lean
methods within business activities company gain many benefits as it improve operations
effectiveness, help to meet the set aim and objectives of organization and also aid continuous
betterment of production process. After conducting above research it has been summarized that
all lean management technique work effectively as they help to improve products quality,
26

enhance consumer satisfaction, staff morale, eliminates defect and smoother all the operations in
ethical manner.
From the above study it has been summarized that lean management played a vital role as
it allows companies in managing their daily activities in a timely as well as in an effective
manner. Due to globalization and advanced technology, competition is increasing and it puts
pressure on companies of managing their daily functions with effectively, focus on continuous
improvements in products, managing quality, reducing waste and it can be possible when
company make use of different lean management techniques like Kaizen, Poka yoke and 5S. All
these techniques help companies in developing work flow, continuous improvement in quality of
products, reducing errors in production process, reducing waste and overall improving quality.
All of these direct help companies in improving customers satisfaction and attracting them to buy
products of company.
Further, it has also discussed effectiveness of some elements of research methodology
like research approach, data collection, research design and others as it also allows scholar in
gathering as well as analyzing data in an effective manner. Making use of gathered and analyzed
data in accomplishing goals relevant to the research topic and support company to take
competitive advantages. Further, this study has also discussed benefits of using lean management
techniques as how company can take several benefits like competitive advantages, improving
image, retaining customers, increasing performance and sales. It has also shown some problems
which manager face while managing quality and implementing some techniques like resistance
of employees, lack of knowledge of making use of techniques, increasing cost and others.
27

28

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Al-Balushi, M.M. and Al-Mandhari, Z., 2018. Implementing lean management techniques at a
radiation oncology department. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 18(3),
p.e362.
Belfanti, N., 2019. Adoption of lean practices as management innovation. A review and
conceptualisation. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 18(2),
pp.242-277.
Cuneen, J. and Tobar, D., 2017. Descriptive Research Design and Methods. In Sport Industry
Research and Analysis (pp. 51-61). Routledge.
Franzitta, V. and et.al., 2020. Primary Data Collection and Environmental/Energy Audit of Hot
Mix Asphalt Production. Energies, 13(8), p.2045.
Grzelczak, A. and Werner-Lewandowska, K., 2016. Importance of lean management in a
contemporary enterprise–research results. Research in Logistics & Production, 6.
Keyser, R.S.. and Marella, L., 2016. A management framework for understanding change in a
lean environment. Tékhne, 14(1), pp.31-44.
Kornegay, A.L., 2020. Manufacturing Production Companies Can Gain Strategic Global
Advantage Using Lean Six Sigma. In Sustainable Business: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications (pp. 1538-1557). IGI Global
Lee, Q. and Snyder, B., 2017. The strategos guide to value stream & process mapping. Enna
Products Corporation.
Nowotarski, P. and Pasławski, J., 2016. Lean and agile management synergy in construction of
high-rise office building. Archives of Civil Engineering, 62(4), pp.133-148.
Pearce, A. and Pons, D., 2019. Advancing lean management: The missing quantitative
approach. Operations Research Perspectives. 6. p.100114.
Prinz, C. and Kuhlenkötter, B., 2018. Lean meets Industrie 4.0–a practical approach to interlink
the method world and cyber-physical world. Procedia Manufacturing, 23, pp.21-26.
Puy, G. and et.al., 2018. Random sampling of bandlimited signals on graphs. Applied and
Computational Harmonic Analysis, 44(2), pp.446-475.
Sanders, A and et.al., 2017, September. Industry 4.0 and lean management–synergy or
contradiction?. In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management
Systems (pp. 341-349). Springer, Cham.
Wnuk-Pel, T., 2016. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND LEAN
MANAGEMENT: A SERVICE COMPANY PERSPECTIVE. Transformations in
Business & Economics, 15(1).
Al-Balushi, M.M. and Al-Mandhari, Z., 2018. Implementing lean management techniques at a
radiation oncology department. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 18(3).
p.e362.
Biazzo, S., Panizzolo, R. and de Crescenzo, A.M., 2016. Lean management and product
innovation: a critical review. In Understanding the Lean Enterprise (pp. 237-260).
Springer, Cham.
Garza-Reyes and et.al., 2018. The effect of lean methods and tools on the environmental
performance of manufacturing organisations. International Journal of Production
Economics. 200. pp.170-180.
29

Kornegay, A.L., 2020. Manufacturing Production Companies Can Gain Strategic Global
Advantage Using Lean Six Sigma. In Sustainable Business: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications (pp. 1538-1557). IGI Global.
Kumar, S., Dhingra, A.K. and Singh, B., 2018. Process improvement through Lean-Kaizen using
value stream map: a case study in India. The International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology. 96(5-8).pp.2687-2698.
Lee, Q. and Snyder, B., 2017. The strategos guide to value stream & process mapping. Enna
Products Corporation.
Nawanir, G and et.al., 2018. Developing and validating lean manufacturing constructs: an SEM
approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal.
Oliveros, B.A., Granja, A.D. and Dionisio, S.R., 2018. An initial evaluation of a method for
adopting kaizen events in the construction sector. RevistaIngeniería de Construcción.
33(2). pp.173-182.
Parkhi, S.S., 2019. Lean management practices in corporate sector: a literature
review. Benchmarking: An International Journal.
Pearce, A. and Pons, D., 2019. Advancing lean management: The missing quantitative
approach. Operations Research Perspectives. 6. p.100114.
Sanders, A and et.al., 2017, September. Industry 4.0 and lean management–synergy or
contradiction?. In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production
Management Systems (pp. 341-349). Springer, Cham.
Siasos, G.I and et.al., 2017. The benefits of Lean through an analysis and improvement of an
existing production line. Mater. Sci. Eng. Adv. Res. 2(1). pp.15-24.
Online
Lean management, 2019. [online] Available through : <
https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/lean-management >
The 8 Essential LEAN Techniques You Need to Know. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://blog.masterofproject.com/stakeholder-analysis/>
30

APPENDIX
1. Do you think that lean management can help your company in accomplishing their goals
and satisfying customers?
 Yes
 No
2. Which advantages your company can get by making use of different lean management
techniques?
 Increasing value
 Increasing customers’ retention
 Developing work flow
3. According to you which is the best technique of lean management?
 Kaizen
 5S
 Poka Yoke
4. What is the main disadvantage and problems your company faces in lean management?
 High implementation cost
 Unneeded motions of employees
 Over processing and inventory management
5. Do you think that lean principle can help to enhance the quality of service operation and
improvement overall quality of product?
 Strongly agree
 Disagree
6. What is the role of leadership in lean management?
 Team alignment
 Helping in decision making
 Develop Kaizen mind
7. According to you which skills are required in lean leader for successful lean
management?
 Ability of leading by example
 Motivation
31

 Team working
8. Which leadership style is being used by your company?\
 Transformational
 Transactional
 Autocratic
9. Recommendations for better lean management and solving problems related to it?
………….
32