Comprehensive Report on Learning, Teaching, and Assessment Theories

This report delves into the realm of learning, teaching, and assessment, exploring prominent theories such as those of Jean Piaget, Basil Bernstein, and Lev Vygotsky. It examines the core components of Piaget's cognitive development theory, including schemas and adaptation, and discusses its benefits and limitations in an educational context. The report further analyzes Bernstein's sociolinguistic theory of language codes, highlighting its applications and shortcomings. Vygotsky's theory on the close connection between language and thought processes is also discussed, along with the benefits and limitations of his approach. Additionally, the report assesses the advantages and disadvantages of verbal, tutorial, discussion, and non-verbal communication methods, alongside the use of media and ICT in teaching, including the impact of various communication channels on student engagement and learning outcomes. It provides an overview of the educational applications of these theories, communication methods, and media usage, and it is a valuable resource for students seeking to understand the complexities of learning and teaching. The report is contributed by a student to be published on the website Desklib, which provides all the necessary AI based study tools for students.

Running head: LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Learning teaching and Assessment
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Task 7...............................................................................................................................................4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Jean Piagot’s theory.........................................................................................................................4
Benefits........................................................................................................................................5
Limitations...................................................................................................................................6
Basil Bernstein theory......................................................................................................................6
Benefits........................................................................................................................................7
Limitations...................................................................................................................................7
Vygotsky theory...............................................................................................................................7
Benefits........................................................................................................................................8
Limitations...................................................................................................................................8
Benefits and limitations of verbal, tutorial and discussion and non-verbal communication...........8
Limitations.......................................................................................................................................9
Benefits and limitations of communication methods using media and ICT....................................9
Benefits of using the media.........................................................................................................9
Limitations of the usage of media.............................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11
Task 3.............................................................................................................................................13

2LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Task 7
Introduction
A crucial role is played by communication that works in teaching methods in coaching in
the sports. The learning and teaching process is very dependent on the communication method
among the trainer and players. There are different kinds of practise that based on experimental
theories of communication. The pedagogical approaches and activities of using the media like
libraries, archives and other informational sources and internet activities are used in classrooms.
The new ways of teaching involving internet technologies are also information sources of
communication in teaching practises. There are also benefits of using different models and
theories of teaching including communication frameworks. These have limitations too. In any
kind of communication, the elements are sender, receiver, message, channel and feedback
(Carpendale 2014). In any teaching lessons, the teacher or the instructor is the sender of the
knowledge or content of the syllabus, receivers are the group of student, and evaluation is the
feedback of the process.
Jean Piagot’s theory
Jean Piaget study in the cognitive development theory suggests the children’s ways of
cognitive development in several ways. The three basic components of Piaget’s theory consider
the Schemas and adaptation of the process and different stages of cognitive development.
Schemas are the building blocks of cognitive models. The mental representation of the images in
the mind is the schemas and governed by different factors of mind. He also described the process
of individual’s reaction to learning process. These schemas also explain individual’s state of

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equilibrium and what they can perceive from the information. Schemas are less complicate for
infants rather than the other life stages.
His theory is very efficient in building the educational policy and learning process.
According to his description, the assimilation of information and accommodation of the active
learner happens because of the problem solving skills of the individual student (Lantolf et al.
2015). He also commented that the teachers should encourage the following process of
communication in learning and evaluation tactics in his or her classroom to enhance the learning
process. The sports trainer can also use the following.
 The process should be focused when teaching is conducted in any form of
communication
 The process should also be active in rediscovering and reconstructing of the truths
 The communication method should be collaborative and activities
 Evaluate the child’s development through different tasks
 Using the problems that may create disequilibrium(Carpendale 2014)
Benefits
There are essential ways of utilising this theory in practical learning sessions. His notion
of learning method in psychology is enormous and helps in studying children effectively. His
theory is also helpful in discovery learning in the field of education of children(Colley et al.
2013). His theory have more practical oriented implemented as well as generating huge amount
of research in business.

4LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Limitations
Theory rather applies for children who have not entered the developed learning stage.
This model also considers the development of the learning. But not the learning of content or
information or also the specific behaviours. Vygotsky argues that this theory of learning is not a
continuous process and has different stages involved in formal operational stage. The theory id
said to be the very dependent on the cognitive development so the influence of social and
cultural factors are not considered. This process is also opened to more bias opinions and opens
to affects of different naturalistic factors. His method includes observational and clinical
interview methods and more subjective on interpreting events (Colley et al. 2013).
Basil Bernstein theory
Basil Bernstein has contributed to the study of communication with the help of
sociolinguistics theory of language codes. His theory is also known as the “theory of human
communication” (Bernstein 2017). He emphasised on the type of speech that the teacher or the
instructor uses in the process of communication in a group while teaching. He explains that
human uses the language as a weapon to reflect the shape the assumptions of a certain social
group (Moore 2013). Communication in groups are either elaborated or restricted within the code
system. Unlike Piagots theory, he considers the social class of human society like family, peers
and groups of school clubs and gathering (Singh 2017). The codes in different aspect are
elaborated and found in society values. His research uses the access to restricted codes used in
socialisation process.

5LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Benefits
The above explanation of the usage of restricted codes and elaborated codes in linguistics
are used vastly in the in sociological study and teaching practises. The code theory is applied in
the sociological education and systematic functional linguistics (Owens 2016). He argument
regarding the specialisation and patterns of different language study forms different method of
communication in society(Moore 2013). The values and modes of practices relates to different
communities. This study helps on getting insights of different classification of learning and
framing the concepts of learning varies with the community practises. The new is constructed in
the matter and hierarchical of knowledge production (Bernstein 2017).
Limitations
There is certain limitation to his study and he gives empirical theoretical data on his
claims though he did provide the little evidence to that. He spoke of restricted codes that he
claims, is used by middle class. Labov defended his study in the similar field saying that class
speech coach is not inferior but they are complex in nature. He also failed to incorporate the
diversity of speeches in his study(Singh 2017).
Vygotsky theory
Vygotsky claims that there is a close connection in development of language and thought
process of a human. He says that there is a pre-programmed ability in children to acquire
language. A behaviourist is an important part of language environment. His view of language
development differs from that of Piagot’s. He states that child forms a course of thought in terms
of forming a language (Toomela 2015). He differs his view from Piagots in which the language
and thoughts interact with each other. Growth of language is viewed as developing a thought

6LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
(Nordlof 2014). He also says that communication is also developed in stressing the importance
of developing thought. His theory also takes the adult’s effect on the development of the
language. The scaffolding effect is necessary and effective in this matter. Adult’s guidance is
necessary inn problem solving in the learning process and
Benefits
Vygotsky’s theory is known to have the strong foundation in language development area.
His concepts also relates to concepts learnt at school. To pursuit goals of the learning process
and applying the educational theory his process of pursuit of goals are consistent and best
possible personalised learning (Nordlof 2014). His description helps personalisation of the
individual’s learning process and addresses the learning needs that need to be assessed. This also
allows learners to monitor and manage their own progress with little help.
Limitations
His theory is argued to be vague and speculative in applying that. His focus was mainly
in the process. Thus, other factor involved in the process is not considered at all. He also fails to
consider the cognitive aspect of the theory. It is also mostly dependent on the process of child’s
characteristics development while he or she ages. He also particularly highlights the
motivational, social, and cognitive development of the learning process. Therefore, he did not
use the reasoning skills that appear of different cultures (Toomela 2015).
Benefits and limitations of verbal, tutorial and discussion and non-verbal communication
For influencing the students this communication method are very important. For
integration and developing the interpersonal skills, the verbal communication method is very
important and thus it affects on learning. In a sports field this communication method is very

7LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
necessary. For effective communication and direction to the players(Engeström et al. 2016).
Questioning and classifying the learning to the players are also necessary for getting the
evaluation score on their knowledge about the field.
Limitations
The hindrance of this communication method is longevity of the knowledge that is being
communicated. With the players in action in the field, the chances are less for them to be
filtering the information that is communicated in that time. The questionnaires in sports will not
be enough for them to get them interested in studying the field. The players may be reluctant to
this method of communication.
Benefits and limitations of communication methods using media and ICT
There are many media of teaching process. The lecturers are to stimulate the interest in
the learning process. Choosing an effective learning process as a platform. Though the media
must have, some factors are programmed. For example problem solving, interactive learning
example and lecture demonstration. Nowadays, students are more engaged in the internet media
and digital life. So digital story telling also reflects communicating the project and personal
reflection to the candidate under training(Toomela 2015). The library, archives and secondary
information sources are traditional media of teaching and digital media involves all the sources
of teaching.
Benefits of using the media
The main media sources are featured videos, visualisations, news, films is helpful in
showcasing complex ideas in short period of time. The quantitative reasoning is also useful in

8LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
developing the module as well as the teaching techniques. Media offers provoking the
discussions and assessments of one’s value too, with the assessment of self (Carpendale 2014).
To maintain the interests of the students the theories and concepts of the students and their
figurative sense can be easily developed in using the media. The analytical skills using the
theories and concepts are well honed if communicated through different digital media
(Engeström et al. 2016). This also enables students to develop their skills in the process.
Watching television and listening to music in a classroom also enable students to see and
understand new concepts and examples. To connect the learners is also relevant in the process of
communication through media. Real time examples connecting them to the real life examples
with up to date news and stories are also efficient way of teaching (Ashcroft and James 2012).
Limitations of the usage of media
There are many limitations in using media used by the sports trainer. As if the coach or
the trainer’s knowledge of the field may be better but the communication, method may influence
the message that is being communicated in the moment. The expense associated with the
projectors and computers that they slow down the delivery pace (Ashcroft and James 2012). The
interaction becomes less in the process of learning. In some area, this process cannot be applied.
The video lesson cannot be delivered properly if the candidates or students do not have proper
computer skills (Engeström et al. 2016). Designing the learning process is crucial as this defines
the effectiveness of the learning process.

9LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
References
Arnon, I., Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., Oktaç, A., Fuentes, S.R., Trigueros, M. and Weller, K.,
2014. From Piaget’s Theory to APOS Theory: Reflective Abstraction in Learning Mathematics
and the Historical Development of APOS Theory. In APOS Theory (pp. 5-15). Springer New
York.
Ashcroft, K. and James, D., 2012. CREATIVE PROFESSIONAL. Routledge.
Beilin, H. and Pufall, P.B. eds., 2013. Piaget's theory: Prospects and possibilities. Psychology
Press.
Bernstein, B., 2017. Language to Socialization. Social Encounters: Contributions to Social
Interaction, p.47.
Carpendale, J.I. ed., 2014. Social interaction and the development of knowledge. Psychology
Press.
Colley, H., James, D. and Diment, K., 2013. Unbecoming teachers: towards a more dynamic
notion of professional participation. Journal of education policy, 22(2), pp.173-193.
Engeström, Y., Lompscher, J. and Rückriem, G. eds., 2016. Putting activity theory to work:
Contributions from developmental work research (Vol. 13). Lehmanns Media.
Lantolf, J.P., Thorne, S.L. and Poehner, M.E., 2015. Sociocultural theory and second language
development. Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, pp.207-226.
Moore, R., 2013. Basil Bernstein: The thinker and the field. Routledge.

10LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Nordlof, J., 2014. Vygotsky, scaffolding, and the role of theory in writing center work. The
Writing Center Journal, pp.45-64.
Owens Jr, R.E., 2016. Language Development: An Introduction| Edition: 9. Instructor.
Singh, P., 2017. Pedagogic governance: theorising with/after Bernstein. British Journal of
Sociology of Education, 38(2), pp.144-163.
Toomela, A., 2015. Vygotsky's theory on the Procrustes’ bed of linear thinking: Looking for
structural–systemic Theseus to save the idea of ‘social formation of mind’. Culture &
Psychology, 21(3), pp.318-339.

11LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT
Task 3
Lesson plan
1st hour 2nd hour 3rd hour 4th hour 5th hour
DAY
1
Distribute
leaflets of the
program plan of
20 weeks assess
the number of
participants and
their strength
and weaknesses
Train the
candidates of
the initial
exercises
Inspecting them
in the playfield
Evaluate them
in their
performance
Record for team
players and
assessing them and
assess them with
curriculum model
DAY
2
Initiate the next
level training
diagnose for
injuries in
players
apply protection
and preventive
measure s
Advise athletes
on proper use
of equipments
Collaborate with
physicians to
develop and
implement the
rehabilitation
programs for
athletic injuries
DAY
3
Plan and
implement injury
and illness
prevention
develop routine-
based training
programs and
communicating
Educating them
for development
of their
wholesome
Train the
candidates of
the safety
procedures to
Revaluate on the
performance wile in
action