Tourism Theories and Practices: A Photo Essay on Leiper's Model

This project is a photo essay that describes and explains Leiper's Whole Tourism System (WTS) using examples from Melbourne, Australia. The essay analyzes the system's components: the Tourist Generating Region (TGR), the Tourist Destination Region (TDR), and the Travel Route Region (TRR), demonstrating how they interact within the tourism process. It incorporates ten photographs of the Queen Victoria Market, illustrating the different aspects of the WTS, such as tourist activities, transportation, and accommodation. The essay also includes an introduction that defines tourism and its growth, along with a reflective conclusion summarizing the findings. The analysis highlights the economic impact of tourism and the role of various factors that attract tourists to a destination. The essay references various tourism theories to support its arguments.

Tourism theories and practices
1/8/2020

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13

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Introduction
Tourism is travel for desire or purpose of professional also this theory and practice of touring. In
terms of literature, tourism is the act as well as procedure of investing time away from household
in hobby of recreation, relaxation as well as desire while making use of commercial provision of
the facilities. The tourism industry is growing due to rapid development in the technology that
contributes to the growth in the number of a visit by people in the market. As per recent research,
it has been found that there were more than 8.5 million global visitors to Australia in year 2018.
In year 2018, there is a total international visitor of $43.9 billion spent in Australia (Budget
Direct, 2019). The rise in tourism contributes to the growth in the economic as well as the GDP
of the country which brings opportunities for the country. The assessment aims to make use of
the ten photographs that explain about the Leiper’s whole tourism system. Also, there is a
description of the photograph that shows the story which is related to the whole model of the
tourism system. Tourist destination Melbourne, Australia is considered as the popular tourist
destination to visit.
Whole tourism systems (WTS) are the people, places, business that get cooperate in particular
characters when tourism takes place. The model of the Leiper’s include the major elements
which are considered as geographical elements that include Traveller Generating Region (TGR),
Tourist Destination Region (TDR) and Travel Route Region (TRR) (Backer& Hing, 2017). In
the model, TGR considered as the push factor and TDR are considered as the pull factor. These
factors push or pull to the tourist for visiting places like Melbourne. The factor of push
encourages the individual to move away from their household setting through tourism. On the
other hand, the pull factors are considered as those attributes of the various places which attract

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or pull them towards it. In the research, this has been found that tourist destination performs the
function as a pull factor in market as well as offers a part for the most of activity related to the
tourism (Lew and Cheer, 2017). It grabs the various types of travellers with such tourism goods
as quality of management and service as well as attractions.
In TRR, it is consists of a place where major travelling activities of tour takes place. On other
hand, TDR consist of the places where the tourist main activities generally take place (Backer
and Barry, 2013). The third and most important component of model consist of tourism industry
that consists of the gathering of the achieved business in tourism as well as offering the services.
In the below-given discussion, the travelling process of travelling Melbourne Queen Victoria
market will be discussed by linking it with Leiper’s Whole Tourism model.
Discussion
Outdoor of the Queen Victoria market

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The above picture of the Melbourne Queen Victoria market outdoor view is presented before
entering to the market which is TDR. This is TDR as this is the place for which tourist travel
from their residential region (TDG) through the different transportation systems (TRR). This
place is TDR as it consists of a place where actions of tourists take place. For this place, TDR
has been through the pull factors because the market has the potential to attract the tourist
because of the tourist services, shopping as well as the attraction of tourist. The Queen Victoria
market is considered as one of major attraction of Melbourne (Day, 2019).
Indoor of the Queen Victoria market
The picture given above depicts the indoor area of the Queen Victoria market. This place is
considered as TDR for tourist as they want to spend some time taking the experience of
shopping. The area consists of popular food, vegetable, clothes and many other shops which help

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the tourist to grab all the things from the single place. The entire area of the place is divided into
different halls such as Dairy hall, Meat and fish hall and many others depending on the
convenience of their customers (Australia, 2018).
Tourist at Queen Victoria market
The above image shows the night view of the Queen Victoria market in which the number of
tourists has been increasing. In Leiper’s WTS, it is discussed that the tourists are considered as
one of the major element of all three dimensions. The rise in the tourist is considered as the
major contributors in the economy. TDR helps in improving the revenue as the tourist make the
expenditure in the country which improves the GDP of the country. Along with this, tourism
allows the Australian employees to work for the tourism industry which leads to the rise in
employment (Bredvold and Skålén, 2016). The tourist from the six different countries visits
Australia which includes China, New Zealand, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan,
and Singapore.

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New Zealand tourist to Queen Victoria market
The picture is given above shows tourists who had come from New Zealand to visit Queen
Victoria Market, Melbourne. In this case, TDR is the place that is Queen Victoria market and
TGR is New Zealand. As per the Leiper’s WTS, the tourist is visiting the destinations (TDR) due
to the different push factors which consist of a new culture, new experience, fun and enjoy and
many others (Mason, 2015). The destination place is considered as vibrant with the cosmopolitan
atmosphere of this historic site.

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Chinese tourist to Queen Victoria market
The image given above shows the Chinese tourist who visits the Queen Victoria market. There is
a push factor behind the tourist visiting the place (TDR). Chinese tourist at Queen Victoria
market is attracted due to new experience, culture differences, fun activities and many others
present at the place. The tourist finds that market is possibly best recognized for its wide
diversity of fresh produce (Huddart and Stott, 2020).

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Tour at Queen Victoria Market
The above image presents the views about the delicious and fascinating guide who presents the
walking tour (TGR) of iconic Queen Victoria Market. The tour is best for this Queen Victoria
Market (TDR) as it allows the tourist to taste the fresh products, determined the ingredients that
are unique and to learn more tips as well as tricks for shopping. The tour guides for heritage-
registered market food halls as well as visit some of market’s best dealers that offer the best food
(Flannigan, 2012).

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The food court at Queen Victoria Market
The above picture shows the food court present at Queen Victoria Market which offers quality
food to the customers who visit the place. This food court allows the customer to consume the
food from any of the stalls that offer the different types of cuisines depending on the tourist
region from where they visit the most. The space of the food court is big with the colourful
appealing ambience and infrastructure (Mikola, 2014). TDR allows the company to take the
experience of the place and spend the time while doing shopping with family and friends.

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General lane at Queen Victoria Market
The above image depicts the general hall of Queen Victoria Market which grabs the attention of
the tourist who is linked with the normal products. The February events include the maximum
fun events at TDR as it includes the different workshops that grab their attention and add on to
the experience of the tourists who visit the place. The lane makes the tourist spend their time in
the area which is best as per their interest (Netto, Isbn, Lohmann, Way and Netto, 2016).

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Flinders street station
The image given above is related to the Flinders street station which is considered as the
endpoint of the one of the TRR that is traveller’s routes which are linking the way TGR for the
tourist to TDR (Melbourne Queen Victoria market). In Leiper's WTS, it has been determined that
one of the major elements is the travelling route. The tourist who visits Melbourne select TRR
but it depends on the different factors which consider cost, safety, security and many others
(Backer and Barry, 2013).
A room inside the Jasper Boutique Hotel
The picture given above shows the room inside the Jasper Boutique Hotel which is one of the
closest hotels from the TDR is the Queen Victoria market. This shows the effective
implementation of Leiper’s WTS model which includes the place to stay (Backer and Barry,
2013). Hotels provide services such as accommodation, quality food and many others to the
tourist which is a pull factor. The hotel is only 280m away from the Queen Victoria market.

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Conclusion
In the end, this can be said that the Australia tourism industry is growing and this is how they are
contributing to the GDP. The analysis clearly shows that industry of tourism is extremely
equipped and they can easily meet the needs and experience of the tourist who visits Australia.
Leiper’s WTS model is discussed and supported by each picture.

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References
Australia, T. (2018) 6 great day trips from Melbourne-Tourism Australia.
Backer, E. & Hing, N. (2017) Whole tourism systems: an academic portrait of Neil
Leiper. Anatolia, 28(2), pp.320-325.
Backer, E. and Barry, B. (2013) Empirical testing of the theory of partial industrialisation in
tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, pp.43-52.
Bredvold, R. and Skålén, P. (2016) Lifestyle entrepreneurs and their identity construction: A
study of the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 56, pp.96-105.
Budget Direct (2019) Australian Tourism Statistics 2019 [Online]. Available from:
https://www.budgetdirect.com.au/travel-insurance/research/tourism-statistics.html
Day, W. (2019) Melbourne. Redback Publishing.
Flannigan, N. (2012) To market, to market, to buy food!. Planning News, 38(10), p.24.
Huddart, D. and Stott, T. (2020) Australia and New Zealand. In Adventure Tourism (pp. 355-
402). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Lew, A.A. and Cheer, J.M. eds. (2017) Tourism resilience and adaptation to environmental
change: Definitions and frameworks. Routledge.
Mason, P. (2015) Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Mikola, M. (2014) On Being and Becoming in Melbourne’s Marketplaces. In Informal Urban
Street Markets (pp. 44-52). Routledge.

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Netto, A.P., Isbn, G.L., Lohmann, G., Way, N. and Netto, A.P. (2016) Tourism Theory Concepts
Models and Systems 3rd edition.