Literature Review: LGBTQ+ Health, Depression, Culture, Social Justice

This literature review examines the current health status of the LGBTQ+ population in Australia, focusing on the prevalence of depression and the influence of cultural and social factors. The review explores the impact of various social determinants, such as homophobia and discrimination, on the mental and physical health outcomes of this community. It delves into the concept of minority stress and its effects, as well as the importance of social justice and equal opportunities in healthcare and other sectors. The research highlights the need for understanding the interplay between individual experiences, societal attitudes, and the availability of resources to meet the needs of the LGBTQ+ community. The review concludes by emphasizing the significance of creating supportive environments and addressing systemic inequalities to improve the overall well-being of LGBTQ+ individuals.

Literature review
LITERATURE
REVIEW

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Current health status of LGBT population.............................................................................3
Social determinants and it's influence on the health outcomes of LGBT...............................3
How do these social determinants identify influence health outcomes in this population. ...4
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

TOPIC- LGBTQ+ with depression, culture and social justice in Australia.
INTRODUCTION
LGBTQ is explained as an acronym and this stand for lesbian, bisexual, transgender, gay
and questioning. All of this terms are used for describing an individual sexual orientation. Queer
is identified as an adjective which is utilised by younger individuals who are not attracted
towards heterosexual. Typically, this individuals are perceived to be in limits and also fraught
with culture connotations. LGBT community use the queer term to accept and describe
themselves in society (Brant, and Tyson, 2016). The last Q, demonstrate about questioning and it
is seen at the end of LGBT to represent gender identity of individual. Moreover, this research
highlights on current health status of population and different social determinants that influence
on health outcome of population. In the last, how social determinants impacts on the heath of a
particular population will also included in this report.
MAIN BODY
Current health status of LGBT population
In the present scenario, specifically from the last two decades this is understand that
today Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender comes at younger age. Also various individual
and public community started to support issues related with LGBT. But due to culture factors it
is complex for youth to improve their mental health and it refers that protective factor are low for
LGBT community due to which the existing healthcare aspects of population is low. In context
of Australia, implementation of equal opportunities and healthcare policies, the sexual identity of
LGBT exists at risk. Poor health and well-being are the two major issue which is related with
health status of population. Public health cost on different health disadvantage as sexual identity
within Australia create problems for individual to revisit the places because of inappropriate
sexual minorities between population (Gates, Russell, & Gainsburg,(2016). In order to
understand current health of population all minority stress model is poses to minimise issue
related with stigmatisation and discrimination. Equality and freedom are the rights of an each
individual who exists and also Sex discrimination act, 1984 formulate and induce legal rights to
person that demonstrate this is unlawful to discriminate a person on basis of their gender,
intersex and identity. But still Lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health person or group face
discrimination and hostility that generate suicide and other negative factor within country.

Social determinants and it's influence on the health outcomes of LGBT
In the context of LGBTQ, if some people are gay, lesbian, bio sexual, and transgender.
People treat like they are from other community on human being. This thing creates minority
stress, psychologist covers to this contextual process of dealing with persistent prejudice and
discrimination as minority stress. Many studies have shown that it has powerful, lasting and
negative impacts on the mental health and well being of LGBTQ people. It creates a situation
ripe for struggling with anxiety and depression (Hudson, & Romanelli, (2020). To cop up with
minority stress does not tell whole story though in life of lesbians, gay, bio sexual or transgender
individuals. There is a way more to each and every person life than: strength and sense of
belonging are found in community, friendship and the love of other LGBTQ community, people
and their supportive allies (Pienaar and et. al., 2018).
Their are different mental inequalities exists between the non-heterosexual and
heterosexual individuals. The systematic review define that suicide rate of LGBT individual is
more as compare to heterosexual persons. With conduct of research this is identified that the
mixed method study examine about different social determinants that is related with social
determinants of LBGT youth and suicidality. Some social determinants and their influence on
health outcome are mention as follow:
Homophobia- This is explained as a fear of homosexual and it refers to those individual who
prefer to intimate people of their gender. It refers men and women attracted towards same gender
in all ways that include romantic, emotional and erotic. It impacts on health of LGBT
community because person face social pressure from their friends and family to hide their
personality and interest in same gender (Levy, (2016)
 . This results internalised homophobia is generated among individuals which generate
feeling in mind of individual that realise they are wrong and bad. This results individuals
confidence is reduced to face and perform their work in society.
 Managing sexual and gender identity across multiple life domains- A lot of
controversies take place throughout the history that is related with sexual orientation and
gender identity. All concept and definition define sexual orientation and it evolve field
that describe about LGBT individual.

How do these social determinants identify influence health outcomes in this population.
Social determinants have a major impact on health result, especially for the most
vulnerable populations. Factors such as patient education, income level and environment must be
considered when giving treatment and care. It designed to identify ways to develop social and
physical environments that promote good health for all (Nassar-McMillan (2014). All
Australians deserve an equal opportunity to create choices that direct to good health. However, it
ensures all Australians that have opportunity, advances are required not only in health care but
also in various fields such as education, childcare, housing business, transportation and
agriculture. Making these advances include some works such as, maximize opportunities for
collaboration among federal state and local level partners related to social determinants of
health.
Cultural and social justice
To understand the social determinants of health, conditions in the environment in which
people are born, live, learn, play, worship and age that impact a high range of health, functioning
and quality of life results and risk. Conditions such as social, economic and physical in the
different environments and settings such as, school, church, workplace and neighbourhood that
have been refer to as place. To understand the relationship between population group experience
place and the affect of place on health is fundamental to the social determinants of health
including both social and physical determinants. In the prospective of social determinants health
outcome in this population in terms of availability of resources to meet daily needs such as, safe
housing and daily food markets, accesses to educational, economic and job opportunities as well
as health care services. It include the quality of education and job training, availability of
community based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational
and leisure time activities and transportation options (Payne,and Smith, 2012)It cover the overall
aspects public safety, social support, norms and attitudes such as discrimination, racism and
distrust of government.
Culture refer to the characteristic as well as knowledge of a particular group that is
formulated with different members. This all individuals encompass with same language,
religion, social habits etc. Like, LGBTQ determine and follow same social patterns that is
followed by all individuals or members. But most individual face difference and iniquity
because society identify them as taboo in public place.

On the other side, social justice demonstrate rights and perception according to which it
is stated that each individual deserve equal economic, social and political rights. In context of
LGBTQ social worker formulate rights that state and open door for equal access and
opportunities to all individual that minimise injustice and inequalities related with LGBTQ
group.
CONCLUSION
It is inferred from the above report about findings such as, some people do discrimination
that put negative impact on LGBTQ community, due to this, they commits suicide which is not
good. On the other aspect, people have to be stop this, which is good for society and they have to
support from overall aspects. However, due to this negative comment, LGBTQ tried to commit
suicide that is not good.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Brant, C.A. and Tyson, C.A., 2016. LGBTQ self-efficacy in the social studies. The Journal of
Social Studies Research, 40(3), pp.217-227.
Gates, T. G., Russell, E. B., & Gainsburg, J. (2016). Volunteers work for lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, and queer rights: Motivations at a Rochester social justice organization. Journal of
Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 28(1), 39-53.
Hudson, K. D., & Romanelli, M. (2020). “We Are Powerful People”: Health-Promoting
Strengths of LGBTQ Communities of Color. Qualitative health research, 30(8), 1156-1170.
Levy, D. L. (2016). Discovering grounded theories for social justice. In Fostering social justice
through qualitative inquiry (pp. 71-100). Routledge.
Nassar-McMillan, S. C. (2014). A framework for cultural competence, advocacy, and social
justice: Applications for global multiculturalism and diversity. International Journal for
Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(1), 103-118.
Oswald, R. F., Holman, E. G., & Routon, J. M. (2020). LGBTQ-Parent Families in Community
Context. In LGBTQ-Parent Families (pp. 301-318). Springer, Cham.
Payne, E.C. and Smith, M.J., 2012. Safety, celebration, and risk: Educator responses to LGBTQ
professional development. Teaching Education, 23(3), pp.265-285.
Taylor, C., & Peter, T. (2011). “We are not aliens, we're people, and we have rights.” Canadian
human rights discourse and high school climate for LGBTQ students. Canadian Review of
Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 48(3), 275-312.
Webb, J. B., Rogers, C. B., & Thomas, E. V. (2020). Realizing yoga’s all-access pass: A social
justice critique of Westernized yoga and inclusive embodiment. Eating disorders, 28(4), 349-
375.
ONLINE
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health, 2020. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-
and-transgender-health#:~:text=Social%20determinants%20affecting%20the
%20health,protecting%20against%20bullying%20in%20schools>.