Health Promotion Through Lifespan: Smoking Addiction and Health

This report explores health promotion throughout the lifespan, emphasizing the importance of public and individual health perspectives. It examines a case study of a 30-year-old female in London with a smoking addiction, analyzing the impact of smoking on her health, including the risk of lung cancer, and the disruption to her life cycle. The report delves into various health issues arising from smoking, including psychological and physical effects, and highlights the significance of health promotion for such individuals. It discusses how individual health problems affect social dynamics and explores measures to overcome smoking addiction. The report covers background information on mental, physical, and social health, particularly during adulthood, and proposes interventions, including health screening programs like CT scans and screenings for pregnancy complications. It also includes data collected via a questionnaire to assess lifestyle choices and preferences, along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions, concluding with detailed explanations on various health perspectives and the impact of smoking.

HEALTH PROMOTION
THROUGH LIFESPAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion through the lifespan can be understood as one of the most important
paradigm through which further productive life of an individual can be analyzed, measures
which enhance the rational livelihood are also an important tool under this scenario. The report
explains importance of measuring health from public health perspective and individual health
promotional view, demographical data emphasis on the person health along with various
indicators for health and disease. Report explains health data of a female aged 3O living in
London, who has been found strongly addicted to smoking habit and further discusses health
screening including various benefits and possible harms . Life cycle is highly disturbed as the
lady is having lung cancer due to smoking which has affected living parameters highly and to
regulate larger parameters of functional efficiency. Report analyzes various health issues faced
by smoking addiction, where its is analyzed on various grounds of the diability on perosns
psycological and physical fucntions. Smoking is found as one of the most dangerous helath issue
wherea addiction makes its hard for people to laeve the habit, reaserch and analysis further
disccusses in report the importance of helath promotion for such person. Report discusses how
individaul helath issue also impacts socail grounds and various society people who are living
around as there is high inclinatoion on various mesures which needs to be taken to get outr of
smoking addiction.
BACKGROUND
The mental health can basically be defined as the overall emotional balance and stress free
life that a person is able to live, the physical health signifies the physical exertions and fitness of
an individual and lastly the social health signifies the overall relationships with different
elements of the society such as parents, family, friends, partner etc. The adulthood segment i.e.
from the age of 25 to 50 of life span is a very critical portion where the male and female both
undergo numerous transformations (Salminen and et.al., 2019). The females tend to become
mothers in this stage only and the males also develop various diseases due to increased work
pressure, increased responsibilities, jest to earn money etc. In females the chances of developing
a diseases increase as they comply with dual responsibilities of their professional career and the
maternity responsibilities that they intend to fulfil. The intervention here has been developed for
the habit of smoking that can lead to the disease of lung cancer that can be developed easily
within the age group of 25 to 50 years and the risk that it has on the pregnancy in women (Hunt
3

and et.al., 2018). The interventions will help in ascertaining how the women who are prone to
smoking and have a higher chances of developing lung cancer can be cured using the
interventions that have been developed. The screening is mainly the method through which the
disease and its spread can be identified and controlled and this is necessary so that the outspread
or rise in any disease can be controlled timely.
MAIN BODY
The individual disease that has been selected for the study is the habit of chain smoking and
the identification of some serious concerns that can arise due to the chain smoking habits. The
age group for which this will be studied is females from the age of 25 to 50 years old and further
the impact that this potential disease will have on pregnancy and kids. However, the habit of
chain smoking that has developed gives rise to some of the major health concerns, i.e., Lung
cancer, heart related diseases, chances of strokes and further, complication in pregnancy etc. It
can be identified that in UK, the maximum number of smokers belongs to the category of 25 to
34 years where the ratio of these smokers were highest i.e. up to 19.2% out of the remaining age
group. It has been estimated that the risk of females who are heavy smokers that might suffer
from lung cancer is approximately 18.5% (Adult smoking habits in the UK, 2019).
The epidemiological details can be further illustrated as the branch of medicine to which the
particular habit of smoking entails to and it can be adequately said that amongst the females of
UK, the risk of lung cancer is as high as 72% for the smokers and for the females of UK, lung
cancer is found to be the second most common cause of cancer. Additionally, as per the report
published by Cancer Research UK, the incidence rates in females has also increase by almost
31% in the recent years (Adult smoking habits in the UK, 2019). The number of patients in UK
that have been diagnosed with the lung cancer is continuously increasing with every year.
The debate for nature versus nurture in the changing norms of pregnancy is very old, i.e. the
theories pertaining to nature argue that the change in the environment affects the human
behaviour as well and this is the reason that the smoking habits have increased significantly even
if the person is aware of the negative impact that it can create. The nurture theory on the other
hand argues that it is the genes and is more of a hereditary aspect that affects and influences the
decisions and choices that an individual makes. The females with lower levels of stress handling
hormones are more prone towards seeking assistance of these harmful variants and getting
addicted to them.
4

The culture theory further states that a human behaves according to the behaviour that is
expected by the society and is approved by it. This is the reason that despite facing the chronic
disease of potential lung cancer, females tends to take the risk and become pregnant as this is
what that is expected of them (Li and et.al., 2019). Due to the gradual shift towards delayed
pregnancy where the normal age today for a female to finally think of beginning a family can be
as late as almost 35 years, the chances of developing lung cancer along with complications in the
pregnancy are huge and therefore might risk the life of child as well. Additionally, it has been
identified that due to the heavy risks of lung cancer on the child, the maternal postpartum reports
are usually very poor where the chances of mortality in the child is predicted to be less than one
year (Beard and et.al., 2016). The majority of the females are found to either get their babies
abort or even if they go forward with the pregnancy, the child is born premature 9 out of 10 times
with no improved health outcomes. Therefore, the risks related to the individual have been
identified to be huge and now the further decision needs to be taken regarding the different
aspects of the health concerns and lifestyle of the selected individual.
The major objective of the interventions that has been selected i.e. the evaluation of the
mind state of the patient by asking them questions and then suggesting proper screening options
is to increase the awareness and minimise and control the potential damage that the continuous
smoking habits can develop and the negative impact that it might have.
Data Collected using Questionnaire: In order to collect the data related to the lifestyle choices
and preferences there are some major questions that can be asked to the patients suffering form
smoking habits so that they can help in evaluating the details of the individual more closely and
intimately. These were the questions that were used so that relevant screening programmes could
be identified for the patient.
Physical Health related questions:
 How much physical exercise do you include in your routine?
 Do you include fruits and vegetable in your diet on a daily basis? If not, then what is the
frequency of the intake of these?
 Is your home/ car smoke free?
 Have you ever tried to quit the smoking habits?
 When you tried to quit what was the frequency of days up to which you were able to
maintain the quitting of smoking?
5

 Do you have any smoking related illness currently?
Mental Health related questions:
 Do you face the problem of depression, anxiety on a daily level?
 How do keep yourself calm and focused in such situations?
 What are your views or thinking that is related to the pregnancy and the lifestyle choices
that you have adopted?
 Do you think smoking regularly tires you up?
 Have you been feeling happy lately with the lifestyle that you have adopted?
Social Health related questions:
 What is your engagement frequency with friends, family, neighbours or groups?
 Have your physical or emotional problems affected your social activities?
 Who are your close friends and family which you seek in difficult times?
 Were you adequately supported when you tried to quit smoking habit?
 Is your relationship with your different social connections harmonious?
 Can you discuss your problems with your social connections?
Based on the answers that were obtained it is evident that the health screening is necessary for
the patient.
Health screening: Screening can be used to identify the early stages of any potential disease that
might occur in the patients so that symptoms can be easily recognised beforehand (Cooper and
et.al., 2017). The government of UK has developed various screening programmes for smokers
and in additional for pregnant ladies as well. These can be illustrated as:
Lung Cancer Screening: This is the best screening programme developed by NHS for the
patients where the symptoms are identified (Katikireddi and et.al., 2016). The tests can help in
identifying that what are the potential chances of the person developing lung cancer and
therefore preventive measures can be taken beforehand.
CT- Scan: This is the preliminary screening that is specifically suggested for those adults who
are at the high risk of developing serious diseases due to smoking habits but currently have no
symptoms.
Screening for Down’s syndrome, Patau’s Syndrome and Edward’s Syndrome: This is the best
screening test for pregnant ladies as it involves ultrasound that can help in identifying if there are
6

any potential threats to baby or damage to foetus or anything similar to that (Gilbody and et.al.,
2019).
Evaluation of the success of intervention: Through the questionnaire that was developed above
there can be following outcomes regarding the risks that the individual faces due to the non-
compliance of the necessary interventions developed for smokers:
The interview question will help in ascertaining that what are the current life choices and
preferences of the patient, the mental state and the social environment in which they are living.
This is instrumental in the recovery of the patient as this leads to a better judgment on what
exactly would be the best procedure for the treatment of the patient and to cure the habit of
smoking collectively. The patient can also enrol in the government programmes and initiatives
such as stop smoking etc. which can help in meeting the requirements of healthier lifestyle for
the patient.
The selection of the best screening programme suitable for the patient should be in
accordance with the characteristics and traits of that patient. For instance the best screening
programme for people with the potential of developing lung cancer would be Lung screening
programme presented by NHS. This screening programme already includes the CT- Scan so
there is no need to engage in any additional screening programmes (Conner and et.al., 2018).
The success of the selected programme will help in meticulously analysing the individual’s body
and identify in advance if there are any serious symptoms or even chances of the person
developing lung cancer or any other associated disease. This can then help them in avoiding the
worsening of the situation by it being more serious by taking correct actions well in advance.
CONCLUSION
This part of report can be concluded with detailed explanation on various health perspectives
, impact of health promotion and various measures which need to be taken for strong physical as
well as mental health balance in an individual life. Report concludes it is highly important for
people to take precautions and keenly check their health on regular intervals for satisfactory
impact on livelihood. Report concludes smoking is highly additional social health issue where it
impacts person physical internal organs and psychologically reduces optimistic approach towards
healthcare. Report concludes the health report of a female who is high smoking addict in her life,
she has been reportedly found to have imbalanced mental and physical health. Report concludes
importance of health promotion in an individual life, where health data works as an important
7

indicative on overall productivity within their personal lives. Report concludes research behind
various health hazard of smoking in person individual framework, where leveraging various
grounds is an important arena which enables people to focus on better diet and measures as
prescribed by doctors. Report concludes high impact of health promotion, medical history and
practical efficiency behind bringing active lifestyle in a person livelihood and how doctors and
nursing staff play an important role. The interventions for lung cancer which is serious disease
caused by smoking, will enable to bring on new changes pertaining to wider health factors and
factors through which wider functional efficiency can be attained.
8

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Beard, E., and et.al., 2016. Association between electronic cigarette use and changes in quit
attempts, success of quit attempts, use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and use of
stop smoking services in England: time series analysis of population trends. bmj. 354.
p.i4645.
Conner, M., and et.al., 2018. Do electronic cigarettes increase cigarette smoking in UK
adolescents? Evidence from a 12-month prospective study. Tobacco control. 27(4).
pp.365-372.
Cooper, S., and et.al., 2017. Smoking and quit attempts during pregnancy and postpartum: a
longitudinal UK cohort. BMJ open. 7(11). p.e018746.
Gilbody, S., and et.al., 2019. Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: combined long-term
quit rates from the UK SCIMITAR trials programme. The British Journal of Psychiatry,
pp.1-3.
Hunt, D., and et.al., 2018. Modelling the implications of reducing smoking prevalence: the
public health and economic benefits of achieving a ‘tobacco-free’UK. Tobacco
control, 27(2), pp.129-135.
Katikireddi, S.V., and et.al., 2016. Has childhood smoking reduced following smoke-free public
places legislation? A segmented regression analysis of cross-sectional UK school-based
surveys. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 18(7). pp.1670-1674.
Li, V.S.W., and et.al., 2019. IDDF2019-ABS-0130 Global smoking trends in inflammatory
bowel disease: a systematic review of inception cohorts.
Salminen, L.E., and et.al., 2019. Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease
Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in
the UK Biobank. Cerebral Cortex 29(12). pp.5217-5233.
Online
Adult smoking habits in the UK. 2019. [ONLINE] Available through :<
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/
healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain/2018>
9

10