Health Promotion: Diabetes, Lifestyle and Health Report

This report delves into health promotion strategies, specifically focusing on diabetes and lifestyle behaviours. It begins by outlining the rationale for promoting positive lifestyle changes to improve individual and societal health and well-being. The report then appraises the impact of social, cultural, and historical influences on lifestyle behaviours, exploring their implications for health. It analyzes epidemiological studies related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, identifying causes and preventive strategies. Furthermore, the report explains various health promotion approaches and theoretical models, such as the Health Belief Model, that address lifestyle behaviour and assesses factors influencing behaviour change. The report emphasizes the importance of controlling weight, improving mood, and combating diseases through healthy habits. It also examines social trends, cultural beliefs, and historical factors affecting lifestyle. Finally, it discusses strategies to prevent diabetes, including weight management, increased exercise, smoking cessation, and healthy eating habits. The report is a comprehensive overview of health promotion, lifestyle behaviours, and their impact on diabetes.

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Review the rationale for promoting positive lifestyle behaviour to improve health and well-
being for individuals and society............................................................................................3
Appraise the impact of social, cultural and historical influences on lifestyle behaviour and
their implications on health and well-being...........................................................................4
Analyse epidemiological studies in relation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviour.......................5
Explain a range of approaches and theoretical models of health promotion relating to lifestyle
behaviour health.....................................................................................................................7
Assess a range of factors that relate to reasons why behaviour change may occur...............8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion refers to conduct educational campaigns in order to improve awareness
among people for remaining disease free. It includes the criterion of providing information to
citizens in regarding to take effective steps and adopt healthy lifestyle which facilitate to avoid
health problems. However, it includes the efforts of care practitioners and government authorities
in terms of promoting healthy habits like intake of balanced diet, regular exercise and regular
check-ups which helps to maintain better health condition (Juel and et. al., 2017). The present
report is based on health promotion which is based on the specific disease of diabetes. This
assignment will focus on rationale for promoting lifestyle behaviours and epidemiological
aspects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviour. It will also include impacts of social, cultural and
historical influences in lifestyle behaviour along with effective theoretical models of health
promotion. The range of factors related to reasons of occurring behavioural change is given
below.
MAIN BODY
Review the rationale for promoting positive lifestyle behaviour to improve health and well-being
for individuals and society
Diabetes can be described as a chronic condition when occurs when sugar level increased
in blood due to imbalance of insulin hormone. It can be categorised into several categories such
as Diabetes Type 1, Diabetes Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes which has their dissimilar cause
of occurrence in human being. However, it is necessary for diabetic people to focus on their daily
lifestyle in regards to balance the blood glucose level in body for maintain their better health
condition. In addition to this, it has been analysed that promotion of positive lifestyle in very
important because it is very essential for diabetic patients for remaining fit (Nutbeam, McGill
and Premkumar, 2017). Meanwhile, it is mandatory for a diabetic person to carefully intake daily
meals and conduct physical work out for avoiding disturbance in the blood sugar level. There is

various importance in terms of promoting positive lifestyle behaviour for improving health and
well-being of society. Hence, some of them are given below.
Controlling weight – This can be described as to maintain body weight which is known
as a key of avoiding various health problems like diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, high blood
pressure etc. It includes the promotion of heath lifestyle including right eating and exercising
daily is very much efficient to reduce additional fat which facilitate to maintain healthy weight of
human body. However, it is important to avoid problem of diabetes and remove risk of leading to
complications if already present in an individual.
Improves mood – The promotion of daily physical work out is significant in terms of
stimulating production of endorphins. An endorphin is known as a brain chemical which is
helpful to make a person more relaxed as well as happy. However, it involves promotion of
intake healthy diet and regular physical work out provides better physique as well as boost
confidence & self-esteem (De Rosa and et. al., 2017). Moreover, improved mood by healthy
habits is important to maintain diabetic condition and avoid other chronic health problems in
future.
Combats disease – This consist importance of promoting healthy lifestyle in terms of
avoiding several health issues such as stroke, heart disease and high blood pressure. It includes
the fact that eating healthy is favourable to maintain different elements like sugar in blood which
helps to maintain physical and psychological health. However, promoting healthy habits helps to
maintain the condition of various problems like diabetes, depression, types of cancer, arthritis
and metabolic syndrome.
Appraise the impact of social, cultural and historical influences on lifestyle behaviour and their
implications on health and well-being
Lifestyle can be described as habits and daily routine activities of an individual which are
carry out on regular basis. It includes various habits like eating fast food, sedentary behaviour,
sitting jobs and many more. Meanwhile, it had been evaluated that various factors are
responsible for creating and changing the lifestyles of an individual (Hartman and et. al., 2016).
However, it is observed that some of habits are by birth achieved and rest of others are adopted
by observing family, friends & society. Moreover, there are number of factors which impact on
lifestyle behaviour which has relation with health of people. Thus, some of these elements are
mentioned below.

Social factors – This includes social status and societal norms are helpful to encourage
for adopting new habits in daily routine. It includes the social trends like use of masks, avoid use
of extra sweets and intake limited junk food. However, these societal trends are favourable for
people to save them from poisonous atmosphere and helps to avoid health issues like diabetes.
However, diabetic people should follow such healthy social trends in terms of maintain their
sugar levels along with avoiding chance of occurring other chronic disease like high blood
pressure, stroke, heart problems and so on.
It has been analysed that around 4 million of people living in UK are suffering from
diabetes in which 3.5 million were undiagnosed. This means that around 6 % of population of the
country has a condition of diabetes. In other words, it is observed that the scale of this health
problems in large as in every 16 people is suffering from diabetes (Diabetes Prevalence, 2019).
The problematic thing is that more than 85 % of diabetic patients are undiagnosed due to which
complications may occur for them. Moreover, it is observed that 2,913,538 people are diabetic in
England, 84,836 in Northern Ireland, 271,312 in Scotland and 183,348 in Wales. Meanwhile, the
type 2 Diabetes has covered around 90 % population of diabetic patients in United Kingdom.
Cultural factors – This can be explained as the cultural beliefs and thoughts of people
which get influenced from their own religion in terms of adopting a specific lifestyle. It includes
the belief of eating oily food and additional sweet dishes to gain extra weight. However, they
trust that fat body appearances are known to be symbol of wealth and prosperity in society.
However, this will impact negatively on health condition of people with diabetes or increase
chances of occurring the same (Mechanick and Kushner, 2016). Moreover, it is necessary for
citizens in UK to avoid such unhealthy beliefs and intake healthy meals in order to maintain
better health by avoiding diseases.
Historical factors – The historical factor refers to genetic transmission of diabetes or any
other health problem which is responsible for creating the problem in every generation. It also
includes the criterion of specific disease that occurs in childhood and get treated completely nut
unhealthy habits develop possibilities for occurrence of the same issues again. Moreover, it has
been analysed that historical bad habits should be avoided in entire life which is beneficial
remain disease free.

Analyse epidemiological studies in relation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviour
The unhealthy lifestyle is responsible for creating various kinds of health problems like
diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and heart diseases. It includes the several habits like intake
excess fast food, lack of green leafy vegetables, high fat food items, sedentary behaviour and
lack of physical work out. However, epidemiological study is helpful to understand the causes
and negative effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviour along with providing preventing strategies.
It is necessary for people to adopt beneficial and healthy habits in terms of avoiding severe
diseases (Turner and Lingard, 2016). Moreover, it is favourable to avoid occurrence of diabetic
condition and diabetic patients can maintain their sugar level by eliminating unhealthy habits
from their routine.
Causes of unhealthy lifestyle
Intake junk food – This can be described habit of eating junk food or fast food items on
daily basis which are harmful for human body. it includes only fats but they are lack of essential
nutritive elements which are required to people to remain healthy. However, the trend of junk
food is responsible for unhealthy lifestyle of people which create risk of developing diabetes and
other severe health issues.
Avoid physical work out – The habit of sitting jobs and always using laptops or phones is
responsible for creating sedentary lifestyle of people. people remain always plugged in with
continuously sitting at work place and then come back home by getting stuck with television or
mobile phones. Meanwhile, people do not have time to conduct daily exercise or yoga due to
which they increased risk of occurring health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure,
obesity etc.
Smoking and intake alcohol – The intake of smoke and alcohol are severe unhealthy
habits because they are responsible for creating internal infection in human body. The modern
trend of clubs or influence of friends cause this bad habit in people and after sometime they get
addicted to this substance (Mellor and et. al., 2017). However, it will create diabetes, hormonal
imbalance, lung infections, damage of liver and many more diseases which must be prevented to
maintain heath status clean.
Prevention of unhealthy lifestyle behaviour is an important aspect to be focussed by
government and are authorities of carry out more effective as well as efficient health promotion
activities for making people aware about precautions to avoid problem diabetes. It is necessary

for care professionals to use posters, banners, leaflets and social media for boosting up awareness
among people to remain disease free. However, it is essential to make people knowledgeable
about harmful habits of smoking, alcohol and daily intake of junk food which is helpful to
encourage citizens to avoid these habits. Moreover, it has been analysed that health promotional
campaigns should be organised to motivate people for eliminating sedentary lifestyle and adopt
daily physical work out. It will provide support to enhance internal energy and helps to remove
risk of developing diabetes and other complicated diseases.
Strategies to prevent diabetes in UK
 Lose Weight: It is necessary to promote losing weight to main BMI which is significant to
reduce risk of occurring Type 2 diabetes. It is observed that 80 % of people having
diabetes are overweight which should be maintained.
 Increase Exercise Level: The increase in exercise level for nursing extra calories to
maintain physical fitness and improve energy level. It is significant to reduce body
weight and decrease risk of occurring diabetes.
 Stop Smoking: It is essential to promote the aspect of stop smoking because it is
connected to cancer, lung infections and heart diseases. It is important to be avoided
because it increase blood pressure levels which are responsible for causing diabetes.
 Eat healthy and cut back on alcohol: This includes to promote use of healthy food intake
and encourage people for avoid junk food. It is beneficial to maintain hormonal balance
which reduce risk of insulin imbalance and diabetes. However, it is necessary to motivate
people for avoid intake of alcohol because heavy drinking create problem of chronic
pancreatitis which has a side effect of diabetes.
Explain a range of approaches and theoretical models of health promotion relating to lifestyle
behaviour health
There are various kinds of approaches and theoretical models that can be use in health
promotion for improving lifestyle. It includes various options that can be used for modifying
behaviour of people in terms of eliminating risk of occurring health problem. However, effective
models should be used which facilitate to eliminate risk of disease like diabetes, high blood
pressure, cancer etc. Moreover, people can easily stay healthy by avoiding health issues. Some of
approaches and model are given below.

The Health Belief Model – This model is widely used by care practitioners in terms of
organising effective health promotion programme. It simply based on understanding beliefs of
people and their respective conditions in which they have accepted unhealthy habits. Meanwhile,
this model is helpful to identify cause of unhealthy activities according to appropriate
information is provided to them and encourage people for eliminating these harmful lifestyles.
Moreover, it is much efficient to change lifestyle behaviour of citizens which facilitate to remove
risk of diabetes and other chronic diseases.
Stages of Change Model (Trans theoretical Model) – This approach is an effective
method which is used in health promotion campaigns in order to change lifestyle behaviours to
make positive regarding health status. It includes number if stages that are required to be
followed in correct sequences like pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action,
maintenance and termination. However, it should be used by care practitioners to organise health
promotional events for eliminating risk of diabetes in country.
Social Cognitive Theory – This can be described as a triadic model which includes
certain factors such as person, behaviour and external. environment. It is observed that an
individual gets influenced to change themselves or their habits by atmosphere of surroundings
and owns likes or dislikes (Karimy and et. al., 2016). Meanwhile, this model can be used in
conducting health promotion because it helps to address behaviour of an individual, social
groups and their dynamic interaction for improving them. It is significant as it will facilitate to
eliminate threats from lifestyle and remove risk of diabetes or other diseases.
Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behaviour – This approach is helpful in suggesting
that health behaviour of an individual can be analysed by understanding their intention of
performing specific behaviour. It provides away of identifying behaviour by evaluating their
attitude as well as subjective norms towards the behaviour. Basically, it is necessary to develop
positive attitude and subjective norms followed by people which change their intention of
behaviour by adopting healthy habits with belief of remaining disease free. Moreover, Theory of
reasoned action is important to modify lifestyle behaviour of citizens by health promotion.
Assess a range of factors that relate to reasons why behaviour change may occur
There are various kinds of factors which are related to behaviour change such as their
social status, cultural values or beliefs, education level and personal thoughts in society. it
includes basically personal factors d biological characteristics which plays an important role in

change of behaviour. Initially, personal components include own thoughts, ideas, likes, dislikes
and beliefs according to which a person adopt new habits in lifestyle and eliminate the old one.
However, some of fresh habits are harmful like smoking, alcohol intake, lack of sleep, sedentary
behaviour etc. which may develop risk of diabetes. On the other hand, biological characteristics
includes birth place, genetic features, age etc. according to which several habits are permanent in
their blood which reflects in their behaviour in their entire life span. Moreover, these factors are
responsible for behaviour changes and relevant to the same for an individual.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that health promotion includes effective vents
for improving awareness among people for remaining disease free. It includes importance of
promoting healthy lifestyle including controlling weight, improves mood and combats disease
along with influence of social, cultural & historical impact on lifestyle behaviour of an
individual. However, it consists the cause of unhealthy lifestyle like intake of junk food, lack of
physical work out and smoke & alcohol intake. Moreover, it involves several models of health
promotion for diabetes such as The Health Belief Model, Stages of Change Model, Social
Cognitive Theory and Theory of Reasoned action. Additionally, it includes factors relevant to
lifestyle change like personal factors and biological features including birth place, age,
genetically characteristics etc.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Juel, A. and et. al., 2017. Interventions to improve lifestyle and quality-of-life in patients with
concurrent mental illness and substance use. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 71(3),
pp.197-204.
Nutbeam, D., McGill, B. and Premkumar, P., 2017. Improving health literacy in community
populations: a review of progress. Health promotion international, 33(5), pp.901-911.
De Rosa, C. and et. al., 2017. Improving physical health of patients with severe mental disorders:
a critical review of lifestyle psychosocial interventions. Expert review of
neurotherapeutics, 17(7), pp.667-681.
Hartman, L. and et. al., 2016. The role of vitality in the relationship between a healthy lifestyle
and societal costs of health care and lost productivity: A mediation analysis. American
Journal of Health Promotion, 30(6), pp.465-474.
Mechanick, J.I. and Kushner, R.F., 2016. Why lifestyle medicine? In Lifestyle Medicine (pp. 1-
8). Springer, Cham.
Turner, M. and Lingard, H., 2016. Improving workers’ health in project-based work: job security
considerations. International journal of managing projects in business, 9(3), pp.606-
623.
Mellor, D. and et. al., 2017. Better with age: A health promotion program for men at
midlife. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 18(1), p.40.
Karimy, T. and et. al., 2016. Impact of educational intervention based on theory of planned
behaviour on lifestyle change of patients with myocardial infarction. Iranian Journal of
Health Education and Health Promotion, 3(4), pp.370-380.
Online
Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour. 2019. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.tutorialspoint.com/individual_and_group_behavior/
factors_influencing_individual_behavior.htm>
Diabetes Prevalence. 2019. [Online]. Available through:<https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-
prevalence.html>