Analysis of Earthing and Lightning Protection Systems - Report

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Added on  2022/10/18

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This report provides an overview of earthing and lightning protection systems, essential for electrical safety. It defines earthing as a network of conductors for discharging electrical energy into the soil and lightning protection as systems designed to safeguard buildings from lightning strikes. The report explains the necessity of earthing for preventing electrical shock and lightning protection for providing a low-impedance path to the ground. It describes how earthing works through three-pin plugs and various earthing methods, and how lightning protection utilizes lightning rods to divert strikes. Furthermore, it highlights the effects of earthing and lightning on human beings and the environment, emphasizing safety concerns and the impact of electromagnetic interference and scalar voltage. The report also references several sources to support its findings.
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EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION 1
EARTHING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION
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EARTHING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION 2
Earthing and lightning protection
Earthling system is a network of conductors structured to freely allow the change in electrical
energy from the network conductors into the soil.These network conductors are relied on to
discharge unwanted electrical energies. Lighting protection is systems of network conductors
structured in order to protect the building against the direct and indirect effect of the lightning
discharge.
The necessity of Earthing and lightning protection
Earthing is necessary since it offers protection against electrical shock by creating a path of
protective conductors for current that is a fault to flow to earth. It also acts as a protective device
to a circuit breaker or fuse by switching off the electric current hence preventing electrical shock.
(H, 2013).
Lightning protection is important since it contains the aid terminals network, bonding conductors
and ground electrode which is designed in a way that it is capable of providing a path with low
impedance to offer potential strikes in the ground. (Richard, 2014)
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EARTHING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION 3
How it works
Earthing implies that the system is connected to the earth hence ensuring equipment’s and
structures are safe. When the installations develop some fault, the current will follow the earth
path the installation and individuals would remain safe. These installations are grounded
according to the rules provided. (H, 2013)
For earthing to be done, three-pin plugs are used. The third pin should be relatively large in
diameter that is applied in earthing purpose. For effectiveness, the earthing systems should not
exceed one ohm they include earth continuity conductor, lead and electrode and the conductors
must be short and straight with high conductivity lined copper. There are several methods of
earthing which include earthing to water main, pipe earthing and plate earthing.
Lighting protection systems uses a component called the lightning rod or the lightning conductor.
It is a single metallic rod mounted on a building or any other structure for the purpose of
protecting the structure against lightning strike. It is connected to the earth to perform this
function and it comes in different sizes which include hallow, solid, pointed, rounded with flat
strips. (Rebar, 2011)
Lightning protection systems work in the sense that when the lightning hit the structure, it will
prefer to hit the lightning rod that is made of conductive material which is conducted to the
ground through a wire, instead of passing through the building which in turn will result to wire
and causes electrocution. The rod is made up of copper or aluminium.
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EARTHING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION 4
Effects
On human beings
Human safety is always the key point as far as earthing and lightning protection is concerned.
Anybody touching a conductive object or stepping near a lightning strike he or she can suffer
serious injuries can lead to death hence the need for Earthing and lightning protection.
Environment
Also, the ground is affected during the lightning strike due to electromagnetic interference, Due
to the formation of large electromagnetic fields in both the lightning protection system and the
earthing system.
How Earthing and lighting affects human beings and the environment
Earthing keeps the negative electrical potentials on the surface. When one walks on the ground,
the electrons of the earth are conducted into the body hence matching the electrical potential as
the earth hence inducing favourable physiological changes that lead to optimum health.
Lighting protection forms large electromagnetic fields in both the lightning protection system
and the earthing system. The scalar voltage is also caused by the earth rise potential leads to
transfer of voltage and currents into the nearby pipelines, industrial facilities and communication
facilities hence causing great damage to these utilities. (Jernegan, 2010).
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EARTHING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION 5
References
H, J. (2013). lighting protector for electrical conductors. New York: U.S Patent.
Jernegan. (2010). electrical kite. New York: Cambridge.
Rebar. (2011). Whaley steel. Chicago: Adventure work press.
Richard, J. (2014). lightning air terminal and method design. Chicago: adventure work press.
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