LING101 2022 Worksheet: Detailed Solutions on Linguistics Topics

This document provides comprehensive solutions to a LING101 linguistics worksheet, covering topics such as the definition of language, grammaticality, methods of studying language, and language variation. The solutions address questions related to prescriptive vs. descriptive linguistics, the use of corpora, phonological and lexical differences in dialects, social and regional variations in language, and language change over time. Further, the assignment delves into language acquisition, constituent analysis, and the identification of heads and dependents in sentences. Specific examples and detailed explanations are provided to illustrate key linguistic principles and theories, offering a thorough understanding of the subject matter. Desklib offers more solved assignments and resources for students.

Introduction to
linguistics

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY ......................................................................................................................................3
Workbook A ....................................................................................................................................3
Workbook B ....................................................................................................................................3

MAIN BODY
Workbook A
1. Grammar is the collection of the doctrines of putting a definition together, knowing
the grammatical effect of a sentence , which turns it to be ungrammaticality is
diabolical,The presented formulated features which can help in the determination of
a sentence when the grammar is the false side, are the phonology (sound),
morphology (system of word formation), syntax (patterns of word arrangement), and
semantics (meaning).
(a) Jonas and I are going to the park- Me and Jonas are going to the park.
b) Me and Jonas are going the park. - Me and Jonas are going to the park.
2. the correction to the postulate of Me and X in the language of English will be X and
I , then the definition of the X and I will be determined as the subject matter of he
verb . The justification and the advantages of the linguistic corpus method, that the
researchers of the language does not put their faith into the native speakers of relate
to the institutional or the example which are basically made up. The doctrine of the
corpus is a eventually the most rapidly evaluating methodology mannerism that will
use represented the analysis of the stats which will related to the large collections of
written or spoken data which will help to investigate phenomena of linguistic. The
weakness of the method of the linguistic of corpus , that is the spoken by only 10%
of the population and the next demerit will be that this method will not tell what is
grammatically wrong or right.
3. Human language are generally being allied to manage the systematist arrangement
this statement is majorly heard to be true as the matter of fact there is seen that all the
languages are mainly being arranges with general areas and the patterns with which
all the arbitrary nature and the effective sub systems are being maintained through
their consistent terms and the loco motive nature of language issues. Some of the
main maypoles are like syntax, phonology, lexicon etc.
Answer 4: A) i-i vadoo bilo
B) i-i kaari thelhi
C) i-i saani darvaazo
D) saao toti thuhlo
E) sanhi pato
5. poːz/- pause
6. a.three- ether
b. money- noon
mug- gang
7 Column A column B

[i:] [ɪ] - [ɔ] [æ] [ɐ]
[i:] [ɪ] [ə] [e] [e:] [æ] [ - [ʉ:] [ʊ]
Workbook B
Answer 1: The linguistic variables differ in a way they make people pronounce their words
on a regular basis and in order to identify these differences, a detailed look is needed at the point of
differentiation. The local dialect differentiation example can be seen in the sound /s/ which makes
all the difference in the derived meaning such as converting 'talk' into 'talks' which changes the
narrative and meaning of the speech being delivered.
Answer 2: A) This is an example of social differentiation as words and their pronunciation
and meaning change over time to cope up with changes in the generation
B) This is a style variation as the sentence claims to be repulsed by a particular way in which
speech is being delivered which is not relevant to the subject matter
C) This is a regional variation as the subject matter talks about different accents found in one
particular region
D) This is a style variation as the sentence talks about the way in which speech is to be
represented and interpreted
Answer 3: One of the major ways in which English language changed was that initially in
the 15th century, the language had the west Germanic tongue which changed due to the advent of
Britishers who made numerous changes according to their own agenda.
Answer 4: It is possible to have an informed opinion about why languages change without
learning about linguistic changes and differences because phonetic and linguistic differences do not
always help easily analyse the way meaning and derived spellings of the word have changed over
time. An example is the word fizzle whose meaning and application has changed over the years
from producing flatulence to failing
Answer 5: Yes the two languages in question shared a genetic relatedness as upon close

inspection, it can be found that there are certain linguistic choices which are common in both
languages. Examples being yuuthim and yuudib which has /yuu/
Answer 6: Language shift refers to the process of one particular community shifting to one
another language over a period of time such as going from Hebrew to Arnamiac. Contact induced
linguistic change refers to the change in a community's language when they come across people
who speak a much different language
Answer 7: The main point of association between Kriol and the way language differentiation
happens is that the language changes over time due to the changes which occur morphologically
over time. The pronunciation and spelling also changes over time naturally.
Answer 8: This presumption is false as sentences need a unit of structure to properly come
out as a product of words which is how languages are formed in the first place. Units of structure
help in formation and the overall build of the sentence and they play a key role in sequencing words
to form a coherent meaning
Answer 9: The dog is the object in this case, me is the subject, lives there is the predicate
and really grumpy is the relative clause
Answer 10: His bins is indeed a linguistic constituent and it is proved from the way in which
it serves a large part of the sentence. By applying the same logic, my neighbour is also a constituent
as it constitutes the sentence and its meaning
Answer 11: Fox is the head in this sentence as the focus and structuring of the entire
sentence depends on the fox and the dependents includes quick, brown, lazy and dog which are all
supporting what the fox looks like and what its doing
Answer 12: Some aspects of the language are indeed learned by children more than others
compared to other parts of the language. An example can be seen in the way babies pick up basic
sounds through imitation of their parents.

Answer 13: One way in which first and second language acquisition are similar is that it
requires the same amount of effort on the children's part to undertake the learning and one way they
differ is through the fact that first acquisition happens before second language acquisition.