Analysis of Link Budget, Received Power, and Link Margin

This report analyzes a link budget, focusing on calculations for free space path loss, received power, and link margin. The report examines the impact of distance and frequency on path loss, providing calculations for both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies at distances of 5 km and 10 km. The analysis includes determining received power levels and calculating link margins to assess the reliability and effectiveness of a communication system. The report also discusses the relationship between link margin and time availability, and recommends strategies to reduce path loss and improve system performance. The report concludes with a link budget of -50.7 dBm at 5KM distance and 5.8 GHz frequency.

Line of Sight Link Budget Analysis

NETWORKING 1
Question 1
As per the given case study, there are following formulas required for performing link
budget, link margin and free space path loss.
So, after evaluating the given question it is identified that the values of distances are
5KM and 10KM and frequencies are 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
Now, in order to find the value of FSPL in dB the below equation can be used:
Therefore, for different distance and frequency the value of free space path loss will be
different which are defined in the below table:
FS
PL(dB)
Distance (KM) 2.4GHz 5.8GHz
5 114.03 121.70
10 120.05 127.72
Question 2
In this question there are following data required for calculating the value of link budget
and received power:

NETWORKING 2
After reviewing the case study it is identified that link margin and received power are
given as:
So, first we need to determine the value of received power that is:
Received power (dBm) = 23+48-losses (dB)
Here both transmitter and receiver antennas are the same so the value of total gain is
around 48dB and losses can be determined with below formula:
Put d=5km and f= 5.8 GHz
So, path loss= Path loss= 20*log10 (5) + 20*log10 (5800) + 32.45
Or, loss= 121.70 dB
By putting this value in the above formula total received power can be calculated which
is given as:
Received power (dBm) = 23+48-121.70
Therefore, Received Power= -50.7 dBm

NETWORKING 3
Now, the value of the link margin can be calculated with the help of received power and
receiver sensitivity that is:
Link Margin= -50.7- (-72)= -50.7+72
Or, link margin= 21.3 dBm.
So, the total link budget is around (-50.7 dBm) at a 5KM distance and 5.8GHz frequency.
Question 3
After evaluating the question 2, it is identified that the value of link margin at 5KM is
around 21.3 dB which shows that the overall communication system is reliable and
effective. The above table provides a relation between the link margin and time
availability so, it is suggested that the overall time availability at 5KM is around 99%.
Therefore, it is recommended that consumers should reduce the level of path loss
because it reduces the reliability of the system along with the link margin.