Literature Review: The Impact of HIV on Adult Populations

This literature review examines the multifaceted impact of HIV on adults, focusing on key areas such as illicit sexual behavior, family history of HIV, lack of parental supervision, and insufficient community resources. The review delves into how these factors contribute to the spread and severity of HIV, highlighting the psychological, social, and economic consequences. It explores the challenges faced by individuals and families affected by HIV, including the impact on mental health, family structures, and community development. The review also emphasizes the importance of education, awareness campaigns, and resource allocation to address the HIV epidemic. It underscores the need for preventive measures, support systems, and healthcare interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of HIV and improve the well-being of affected populations. The study also highlights the importance of HIV education and health care professionals to spread awareness and education of HIV, protection, prevention, and transmission.

LITERATURE
REVIEW ABOUT
IMPACT OF HIV ON
ADULTS
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Illicit sex......................................................................................................................................4
History of HIV in the family ......................................................................................................4
Lack of parental supervision.......................................................................................................5
Lack of resources in the community during HIV........................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
In accordance to studies( HIV) this is demonstrated as a virus which attacks the cells and
the body's immune system, this virus destroys white blood cells which are present in the immune
system called T- helper cell they are also known as CD4 cell than these cells are used to make
copies of itself. HIV destroys all the CD4 cells and than replicates itself therefore this process
gradually weakens the immune system. If HIV is untreated this would lead to Acquired
immunodeficiency and there is no effective cure available in recent studies. There are number of
peoples who are affected by HIV, mostly the adolescents (10 to 19) years and young peoples (10
to 24) years, young key population are continuing affected by HIV. This epidemic has destroyed
many families, and communities, and individuals and also this has disrupted community and
village life due this reason millions of children left orphaned. According to Eucebious
Lekalakala-Mokgele, haweorjqarjq;rhghf human immuno deficiency this pandemic is focusing
on elderly in communities which have been affected .There are several results which shows ha
direct and indirect effects which are apparently in a set of economic and interrelated social or
psychological dimension which could impact on well-being of elderly and their health and there
is more needs to articulate the broad impacts and knowledge of HIV. This topic is very essential
to understand to prevent HIV or to aware young peoples about taking precautions during
intercourse. (A literature review of the impact of HIV and AIDS on the role of the elderly in the
sub-Saharan African community, 2021.)
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MAIN BODY
Illicit sex
In the relevance of topic there was two boys who used to study in in the university , they
would stay away from their parents and they used to live in boarding thus they used to think that
they are bounded and there is lack of freedom in their lives,young age is the development of
mind , adolescents face many challenges in the young age therefore due to this reason they were
attracted by the illicit sex which means sexual intercourse between two individuals without a
social bond of marriage or not united by the marriage (Al-Jaal and et. al., 2019). There are
number of sexual acts which represent illicit sexually behaviour mentioned below;
 Cunnilingus
 Anal intercourse
 Fellatio
Having intercourse with multiple partners without protection(sex without condom) or in addition
having illicit intercourse which is forbidden by the moral convention and which is unlawful and
accepted under the codes given by the society this involves adultery or pedophillia at one time ,
and some activities are forbidden by the religious law this includes oral sex. Illicit sexual
behaviour would lead to human immunodeficiency virus and HIV and illicit sexual act both
would lead to AIDS –(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).As per studies this is understood
HIV is the virus which cause AIDS, human immuno deficiency syndrome this virus attacks the
cells which helps body to fight infection, this virus is spread by contact with bodily fluids of a
person who affected by HIV (de Lira and et.al, 2018). There are main reason of getting HIV
when peoples do unprotected sex or doing intercourse without condoms or else this could be
cause by sharing injections or needles.
History of HIV in the family
During the adolescent age there are many challenges which are face d by the youngsters. The
family history with HIV might impact on person, thus there would be chances of healthier
environment would not be created . This virus could also affect normal childhood of children, if
any family living with HIV this could create psychological stress and also reduce capacity of
being parenting or in addition maintaining the family structure such as financial, stigma and
discrimination could increased further. Peoples with HIV in the family may bring loss of the
whole generation in families or in the communities, this is hardest point which is hit by epidemic
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. And this could increase risk of depression, anxiety and along with this some opportunistic
infection will be affecting the nervous system and this could result changes in thinking and
behaviour. This would impact on both mentally or physically heath. If group of individual are
concern about their health they should visit their healthcare professionals (.de Miguel,and et. al.,
2018). Such kind of history of HIV could impact on the society as well as households,
communities, and health of individuals, or else in the development of economic growth.
Lack of parental supervision
By doing cross- examination of survey there are two groups of children first group is that
children's are orphan their parents died due to the cause of HIV and second group is that children
are living with their parents those are infected by HIV, and third is those children they are non-
orphan and their parents are not infected they were interviewed according to their emotional,
hyperactivity, or more than this peer problems which are using difficult questionnaire and
strengths. This is resulting into orphan children which showed high degree of peer problems,
whilst other two groups showed high levels on conduct problems ,and the term hyperactivity did
not show any any differences, and emotional problems were similar and high in all the three
groups. Because the parents which are infected their children are heightened risk of behavioural
disorder and emotional disorders, along with this there are few problems which are addressed,
that parents should be aware and focus from protecting their children from HIV (MacGinley,
and et. al., 2019). In the recent studies showed many findings which are hypothesis as well as
linkages between HIV/AIDS and young children s mental growth.
Lack of resources in the community during HIV
According to studies human immuno deficiency virus could be defined as which attacks the
immune system that invade on the cells which helps in fighting infection, or in other words this
can be described as virus which could be transmitted through the contact with vaginal fluids,
blood and semen. During the stage of human immunodeficiency some symptoms can be
observed such as fever, flu like symptoms, fatigue and sore throat could also occur. HIV is
mainly caused by the having sex with the person who is already infected by the HIV or else with
haring needles. While providing care to the infected peoples this leads to the caring roles which
are restraint arising from lack of resources this include soap, diapers, gloves these are the
essential things which are needed during performing role of caring. During the process of taking
care there is need of necessary resources such as money and health facilities. All the healthcare
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professionals should educate their patients with human immunodeficiency virus that they should
take preventive steps towards HIV as well as taking precautionary measurements while caring
for the family members and rest of the society. The individuals those are infected they require
continuously support and care because they admits many different challenges this include
information or knowledge related to the HIV such as resources, skills, financial, mentally and
emotional support or social support (Sinković, and et. al., 2019). As there is no particular
eduction or health based promotion programmes which could address about the HIV
transmission, prevention, or protection and help number of peoples to be aware from this virus .
There are number of campaigns while they spread the awareness they exclude group of
older peoples those are infected by human immuno deficiency virus and commonly on the global
level they are not targeted for the sustainable developmental goals. The lack of involvement in
the cases of older persons during HIV programmes, this statement shows that now they are
focusing on policy makers on international level which could motivate strategies of development
or improve strengthen along with this qualities have been improved of services provisions.
Campaigns of HIV infection should not target older group of persons than it would lead to a high
risk of infection and there is need of providing correct understanding and knowledge of the cause
of HIV and correct knowledge of the nature of symptoms and causes. The awareness and
understanding of HIV could be achieved by the HIV education and health acre professionals as
well as communication campaigns. The main purpose of this studies is to develop HIV education
programmes for the purpose of spreading knowledge and awareness of HIV. Determine the
problems of older persons or infected peoples what they needs to know about the HIV
transmission, protection , and prevention.
CONCLUSION
As per discussed above that human immunodeficiency virus this attacks on the immune system,
this virus commonly attack on type cells which are known as T- helper cells which are further
called CD4 cells furthermore this replicates itself, HIV invade on these cells which weakens
immune system and leads to cause of HIV. There should be HIV education and HIV based
campaign programmes to spread awareness and education of HIV, protection, prevention, and
transmission.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Jaal,and et.al A., 2019. Aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol
biomarkers in human biological fluids: A systematic literature review, 2001–2018. Food
and Chemical Toxicology, 129, pp.211-228.
de Lira, and et.al N. A., 2018. Resilience in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations: An
integrative literature review. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15(3), pp.272-282.
de Miguel,and et.al, R., Stella-Ascariz, N. and Arribas, J. R., 2018. A safety evaluation of
raltegravir for the treatment of HIV. Expert opinion on drug safety, 17(2), pp.217-223.
MacGinley, and et.al, J. and Mowll, J., 2019. A scoping review of adult survivors’ experiences of
shame following sexual abuse in childhood. Health & social care in the community,
27(5), pp.1135-1146.
Sinković, and et. Al Towler, L., 2019. Sexual aging: A systematic review of qualitative research
on the sexuality and sexual health of older adults. Qualitative health research, 29(9),
pp.1239-1254.
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