Parenting-related Stress and Psychological Distress: Literature Review

This literature review explores the parenting-related stress and psychological distress experienced by mothers of toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It examines the challenges faced by parents, including difficulties related to child behavior, social interaction, and communication. The review highlights that parents of children with ASD are at higher risk for stress and potential psychological issues. The study by Estes et al. (2012) emphasizes that parenting stress is characterized by the imbalance between parental demands and available resources. The review references studies that indicate that early diagnosis of ASD in toddlers is becoming more common and that parental stress is related to the child's social deficits. The review also references the work of Kiani et al. (2017), Crowell et al. (2019), Ilias et al. (2018), Shokri et al. (2017), and Siu et al. (2019), which provide additional insights into the challenges and experiences of parents of children with ASD, including factors such as child behavior, social reciprocity, and the impact of early diagnosis on parental stress levels. The literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and understanding of the subject.

Literature Review

Table of Contents
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

Topic: Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with
autism spectrum disorders
LITERATURE REVIEW
As per the opinion of Fariba Kiani, Mohamad Reza Khodabakhsh and Hamed Khastwo
Hashjin (2017) Autism spectrum disorders is complex developmental condition that mainly
consists the persistent challenges in relation to speech, social interaction and the repetitive
behaviours. Its impact and severity of the symptoms are varied in each individual. Guardians of
the kids with mental imbalance range issues are at significant danger for the high feeling of
anxiety than the guardians of kid with different incapacities and furthermore run of the mill
advancement (Crowell, Keluskar and Gorecki, 2019). The guardians might be at upgraded
hazard for building up the physiological manifestations for an instance anxiety and depression.
Parents of the autism spectrum disorders children are faced with daily stressors and potential
challenges related with the parenting child with the autism spectrum disorders consisting the
issues of child behaviour and minimum social reciprocity level along with the social
communication. Guardians of the more youthful kids might be experience the high feeling of
anxiety than the guardians of the old youngster with chemical imbalance range problems. Little
children guardians showed upgraded burdensome side effects with a few moms which
proceeding to be report improved the indications two years after the fact. The mental pain and
the guardians stress in baby years many be set stage for parent change and basic period for kids
guardians with autism spectrum disorders (Ilias and et. al., 2018).
As contrary to this, Annette Estes, Erin Olson, Katherine Sullivan, Jessica Greenson,
Jamie Winter (2012) the parenting stress is mainly characterised as relationship among parent
and environment under which parent are mainly appraise demand of being as parent exceeding
the one resources. Preschool years and toddler bring with unique challenge and also stressors
which may put guardians of the youngsters with ASD at the appropriate for high feeling of
anxiety. The m main concern of parents is to develop the autism spectrum disorders emerge
among 11-19 months. It has been examined that kids as youthful old enough a year being
determined to have the ASD in specialised in the clinics (Shokri and et. al., 2017). The toddler’s
parents with autism spectrum disorders report enhanced the stress related with the deficit in
social relatedness of children but not the communication deficits, cognitive functioning and
atypical behaviours. In regards to this, early conclusion is new development and not accessible
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broadly so not the more known regarding stress as well as adjustment between the parents of
young children with the autism spectrum disorders (Siu and et. al., 2019).
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Crowell, J. A., Keluskar, J., & Gorecki, A. (2019). Parenting behavior and the development of
children with autism spectrum disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry. 90. 21-29.
Ilias, K. and et. al., 2018. Parenting stress and resilience in parents of children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. Frontiers in
psychology. 9. 280.
Shokri, S. and et. al., 2017. Comparison of parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers
of children with autism disorder and developmental delay. Quarterly Journal of Child
Mental Health. 4(3). 79-90.
Siu, Q. K. and et. al., 2019. The role of child problem behaviors in autism spectrum symptoms
and parenting stress: A primary school-based study. Journal of autism and developmental
disorders. 49(3). 857-870.
Online
Estes, A. and et. Al., 2012. Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers
of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. [Online]. Available through: <
https://file.globalacademicresearch.com/projectfiles/internal_cust_document/
Seattle1607240946232_1607414875.pdf>.
Kiani, F., Khodabakhsh, M.R. and Hashjin, H.K., 2017. "Comparison of Parenting Related
Stress and Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Children with and without Autism
Spectrum Disorders(ASD). [Online]. Available through: <
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3133.html>.
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