Research Methods: A Review of Dementia Prevention in Elderly

This report provides a secondary exploration of effective approaches to preventing dementia among elderly individuals aged 55-90, employing a qualitative literature review through thematic analysis. It addresses the research question of finding the effectiveness of dementia prevention in elders, providing supportive care, and its impact on individual cognitive ability. The report details the background, rationale, data collection method (secondary research), ethical considerations, and data analysis method (literature review). It includes a concept of dementia, its impact, and preventive measures such as physical exercise, cognitive training, and dietary changes. The findings highlight the increasing prevalence of dementia, its limitations related to memory loss and communication difficulties, and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of preventive measures and supportive care in managing dementia risks and improving the quality of life for elderly individuals.

Health & Social
Care
Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Research Question.......................................................................................................................1
Method of data collection............................................................................................................2
Method of data analysis...............................................................................................................2
Literature Review........................................................................................................................3
Findings.......................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
A figure of around 50 million citizenry in global are purulent due to dementia and it is
estimated that the rate will reach around 152 million cases by the end of 2050.
Dementia not only affects the elderly individually but its effect is also seen in their families and
their financial status of them. Dementia is a neuropsychiatric state which results in failure of
cognitive functioning in the body which involves the thinking process skills, retention power and
decision-making quality. This report will do a secondary exploration of the effective approach to
preventing dementia among elderly individuals in the age group 55-90. To evaluate the study
will perform it through a qualitative literature review through thermal analysis. The report will
also portray the background, method of data collection and the analysis method used in finding
the question of the research (Lazarescu and Vintila, 2020).
MAIN BODY
Research Question
It is the research purpose for which either quantitative or qualitative research is
performed. In this report, the research question is to find the effectualness of preventing
dementia in the elders of age extent of 55-90 years.
Background – Dementia is commonly seen in elders when their neuron cells become
weak which altered the cells connecting power. These changes dive into the alteration in mood
and magnify the level of frustration and irritability which also impacts the person's attributes and
nature. It has been found that there is a 57 % increase in the number of people diagnosed in the
UK from 2016 to 2030. Basic inception including dementia in elders are low learning or the
education activity in elders affects their cognitive power early and this is also impacted when
they suffer from any depression or anxiety (Azarpazhooh and Hachinski, V., 2018).
Rationale – Need to find the effectiveness of prevention of dementia in elders is to
provide the elders with supportive care and its impacts on individual cognitive ability or failure
of memory. As dementia encompasses the quality of living, it is essential to be hindered which
includes the different management approaches to lower its associated risk. However, WHO
suggests that dementia is the seventh leading cause of death and disability in aged people
globally. It is recognized as a public health priority by WHO as when not diagnosed or treated
for a period of 2 years it might lead to failure of livelihood, relationships and social or financial
1

welfare. Dementia uplift the belief to feel unsafe in society or the stigma associated with
dementia patients. And this is because they have the fear of not being treated by society in an
even manner. It is needed to provide them with preventive care so that to ensure assistance and
decrement the consequence of dementia in an individual's body (Mio and et.al., 2022).
Method of data collection
It is the systematized approach used to collect accurate data for the research finding
which consist of different sources from where the data or the findings might have been collected.
There are two different approaches used to find the research which include primary and
secondary research. Here, primary research is the methodological analysis used by the researcher
to collect the data instantly while not depending on any other form or the data. They are either
performed through direct interviews, surveys, or the quantitative analysis of the research
question. Secondary research is the method that is used to compile the existing data which is
sourced from either the primary data or the different channels including the archives,
organization reports and networking sites. Secondary research provides the relevant data to the
investigator who uses the information gathered directed through somebody else. To find the
research interrogation here will use the secondary analysis as it will provide the researcher to
find new findings or the path for the prevention of dementia in the elderly or to find a more
accurate alternative to quantify whether the researched prevention is effective for elders or not.
However, the research is already been collected, so it must not have the approach to find the
investor or the time to perform (Kotaki and et. al., 2019).
Ethical Consideration
Ethical considerations are the set of rules that need to be a plan before starting the
research as it provides a set of principles that need to be followed eternally throughout the
research. Informed consent from the source of the data is power out from as to provide the
primary researcher with an informed decision before using their data. It helps to protect the rights
of the primary researcher. Applied consent enhances the secondary research validity as it
prevents potential harm. Data evaluated for the result must be veritable or reliable. Data force out
must be kept confidential to protect it from threats (Baez and et. al., 2019).
Method of data analysis
The method of data analysis used in this report is the literature review. The literature review is
primarily broad and concise regarding the primary research clause or the theme. However, the
2

quantitative literature review is used here to find the precise care for dementia patients and to
relay the unbiased approach for the result of the care. It might have an optimistic outcome or
destructive consequence, through this research will find the effectiveness of the prevention of
dementia in elderly patients. The strategy used in the research is to find the outcomes of the care
provided to the patients or which type of care will modify their well-being. Additionally, this
report will provide accurate standards to prevent the presence of dementia in elderly patients.
Inclusion used in this report is the elderly patients of the age limit close to 55-90 years. They are
used in the inclusion either because their age is more so they must comprise of multiple health
conditions which already has impacted their body functioning. Another account is elders'
immune system has a bend which will involve mass recovery alternatives for dementia. However
effective prevention needs to be carried out to control the risk associated with dementia.
Exclusion used in this report are kids or the elders as they have good immunity and can
recuperate from it when provided with proper diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, there is no
evidence-based research on the elders were available (Kivipelto, Mangialasche and Ngandu, 2018).
The method of appraisal used in this report is critical appraisal as they are essential to
comprise carry out collected data and find the literature review that is relevant to the research
questions. Other than that it also used to find the statistical evidence about the primary research
and provides the ethics that are needed to be considered while performing the secondary
research. The ethical consideration that is used in this research is credibility or the validity of the
data carried out from the primary research. Other than consent is taken from the primary
researcher before using their data. The literature review consists of the concept behind dementia
and its dementia effect on the elders. Significantly, this also provides a preventive measure for
the outspread of dementia in elderly patients.
Literature Review
Concept of Dementia
AS per the view of Bannach, (2015) dementia is an acquired mental disorder that reduces
the brain functioning like decision-making power loosens up followed by cognitive strength
lower down. To diagnose dementia in the elders, the cognitive function test is utilized. Dementia
suspected elders find it difficult to understand or express their thoughts and they even take the
logger instance to accomplish their everyday work as body neurological relations turn drawn-out.
They also turn into an impulsive, irritating human who loses control over their body balance.
3

Different types of dementia seen in elders are vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia,
Alzheimer's dementia and some are even seen with mixed dementia having a combination of
different dementia forms. Primarily dementia is caused due to failure or the impairment of nerve
cells caused in the brain which leads to psychological alteration in the behavior of the
individuals.
Impact of Dementia
As per the review of Anstey, (2019) dementia rate is increasing day by day in elders.
However, the evidence-based impact of dementia is need to be interpreted to decrease the wider
presence of dementia in elderly patients. A major impact of dementia seen in elders is the loss of
memory followed by a lot of anger and fear. Additionally, their beliefs about life and decision-
making become weak which impacts their social and behavioral status. Major complications
associated are feeling of impatience or alteration of the mental state which might follow with the
execution of depression in an individual's body. Other than that body becomes weak and
dehydrated. Dementia elders cause a lot of stress to the family members as they need to provide
proper attention daily until the full day. Most women are infected with dementia as compared to
men. Individuals suspected of dementia violate their human rights and freedom.
Prevention of dementia
As per the review of Zahrani, (2019) objective behind this research is to discover the
preventive measure associated with dementia. This includes different interventions and
preventions. Physical exercise is the utmost prevention for dementia as it is the motion of an
individual's body with the usage of muscles and energy to work. It improves an individual's
physical and mental health. Exercise is symbolizing the non-pharmacological treatment for
dementia as it helps individuals to maintain their cognitive strength and prevent them from
unwitting trauma or injury. Who has to recommend to all the individuals to at least walk for 30
mins daily to avoid psychological or physical illness. As it has been carried out that individuals
who practice physical activity daily irrespective of the moderate or intense level, increase the
quality of surviving in them.
Findings
Theme – The theme associated with the research is :
 Concept of dementia in the elderly individuals
 Impact of dementia on the elderly individuals
4

 Prevention of dementia in the elderly individuals
Trends – It has been seen that over 55 million people are suspected of dementia until
2020 and it has been estimated that it will double in around 20 years. Due to alterations in
lifestyle nowadays, it has been seen that number of a patient associated with dementia will be
rising in upcoming years. Individuals should integrate healthy habits to prevent themselves from
this underlined cause of death.
Limitations – The extent associated with dementia patients is loss of memory is seen,
they feel difficult to communicate and fear the other's perspective for them. Additionally, there is
a loss of self-confidence in those patients followed by an ample amount of emotional outbursts in
the form of anxiety and frustration is also seen. This research data is limited to exclusive elders
between the age limit of 55- 90 years.
Discussion – Prevention of dementia can also be done while having the proper diagnosis
which includes an assessment to analyze individual cognitive thinking, language skills, problem-
solving ability and alteration in language skills. This also includes brain scans, genetic tests, and
psychiatric evaluation to determine the cause behind dementia in the individuals.
Other interferences that have been found effective in preventing dementia in elders are involving
themselves in different puzzles, and memory training to increase the patient's ability to work
efficiently. Advice to integrate ample amount of vitamins including C and D into the diet to
improve the functioning of the body. Integrate efficient grains, and fruits to lower the risk of
dementia. Doctors are also advised to take proper health to maintain their mental well-being
(Zhang and et. al.,2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded the effectiveness of prevention on
dementia. Dementia is a neuropsychiatric state which results in failure of cognitive functioning
in the body which concerns the thought process skills, possession power and judgment-making
quality. In this report, secondary qualitative research is used to find out the effectiveness of
prevention. Additionally, it also contains the trends associated with the research topic and the
theme used in the research which is the impact, concept and prevention associated with dementia
in elders. Further, this report also mooted the exclusion and inclusion part of this research.
5

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Azarpazhooh, M. and Hachinski, V., 2018. Pathophysiology and epidemiology.
Baez, S., Pinasco, C., Roca, M., Ferrari, J., Couto, B., García-Cordero, I., Ibañez, A., Cruz, F., Reyes, P.,
Matallana, D. and Manes, F., 2019. Brain structural correlates of executive and social cognition
profiles in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and elderly bipolar
disorder. Neuropsychologia, 126, pp.159-169.
Hussenoeder, F.S. and Riedel-Heller, S.G., 2018. Primary prevention of dementia: from modifiable risk
factors to a public brain health agenda?. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 53(12),
pp.1289-1301.
Kivipelto, M., Mangialasche, F. and Ngandu, T., 2018. Lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive
impairment, dementia and Alzheimer disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 14(11), pp.653-666.
Kotaki, Y., Tomata, Y., Tanji, F., Zhang, S., Sugawara, Y. and Tsuji, I., 2019. Joint impact of seven risk
factors on incident dementia in elderly Japanese: the Ohsaki cohort 2006 study. Journal of
neurology, 266(5), pp.1222-1229.
Lazarescu, G. and Vintila, M., 2020. Psychological and Legislative Aspects on Alzheimer Patients in
Romania. Drepturile Omului, p.72.
Mio, M., Dimick, M.K., Toma, S., MacIntosh, B.J. and Goldstein, B.I., 2022. CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
IN BIPOLAR DISORDER. The Bipolar Brain: Integrating Neuroimaging and Genetics, p.106.
Zhang, Y., Guan, Y., Shi, Z., Yue, W., Liu, S., Liu, S., Lu, H., Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Su, W. and Ji, Y., 2019.
Sex differences in the prevalence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment no dementia among
the elderly in a rural area of northern China: a population-based cross-sectional
study. Neuroepidemiology, 52(1-2), pp.25-31.
ONLINE :
Dementia (2015) [Online] Available through <https://www.jns-journal.com/article/S0022-
510X(15)00922-3/fulltext#relatedArticles>
Prevention of dementia in elders (2019) [Online] Available through
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333353529_Prevention_of_dementia_in_elder
ly_population_A_comprehensive_review_of_literature>
Risk factor for dementia (2019) [Online] Available through
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700718/>
6