Literature Review: Interventions for Abuse Prevention in Elderly

This literature review examines three research papers focusing on interventions for preventing elder abuse, mental health service user perspectives on targeted violence and abuse within adult safeguarding contexts, and the underreporting of abuse in care homes. The first paper analyzes the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse, noting the uncertainty in their ability to reduce abuse occurrence and highlighting the need for higher quality trials. The second paper explores mental health service users' experiences with targeted violence and abuse, emphasizing the importance of user-led services, safety planning, and collective responsibility among agencies. The third paper investigates the underreporting of abuse in care homes, revealing the need for greater awareness and reporting mechanisms. Overall, the review underscores the importance of addressing elder abuse, improving mental health services, and ensuring the safety and well-being of vulnerable adults.

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Table of Contents
RESEARCH PAPER 1- INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING ABUSE IN THE ELDERLY 1
Main findings..............................................................................................................................1
Approach utilized within the research.........................................................................................1
Key implications of the approach...............................................................................................2
The ways in which this research will useful in health and social care practices........................2
Literature review.........................................................................................................................3
Discussion and conclusion..........................................................................................................3
RESEARCH PAPER 2- KEEPING CONTROL: EXPLORING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE
USER PERSPECTIVES ON TARGETED VIOLENCE AND ABUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF
ADULT SAFEGUARDING............................................................................................................3
Key findings of the research.......................................................................................................3
Approach utilized by the authors................................................................................................4
Key implications of particular approach.....................................................................................4
The ways through which the research help in health and social care practices..........................5
Literature review.........................................................................................................................5
Discussion and conclusion..........................................................................................................5
RESEARCH PAPER 3: THE SOUND OF SILENCE: EVIDENCE OF THE CONTINUING
UNDER REPORTING OF ABUSE IN CARE HOMES ...............................................................6
Major findings.............................................................................................................................6
Approach utilized by the author..................................................................................................6
Key implication of primary approach.........................................................................................7
The construction through which this research used into social and health care activity............7
Literature review.........................................................................................................................7
Discussion and conclusion..........................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

RESEARCH PAPER 1- INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING ABUSE IN
THE ELDERLY
(Cochrane Liberary, 2022. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010321.pub2/full>.)
Main findings
The paper is written down by Baker PRA, Francis DP, Hairi NN, Othman S and Choo
WY which is based upon the ill-treatment of older people which involves physical, mental,
sexual, psychological as well as financial abuse. According to various evidences, it has been
identified that 10% of elder people experiences some form of abuses but only few cases are
actually reported in social service agencies. After detailed analysis of the topic, the scholar
found that it is uncertain that whether specific interventions are capable enough to reduce the
occurrence or reoccurrence of elder abuse. In order to get detailed analysis, seven eligible
studies had been conducted over 1924 elderly participants and 740 other people according to
which two studies measured the occurrence of elderly abuse because of variation in measures
and settings along with effects over the studies according to which some of which were very
small and at high risk of bias (Cochrane Liberary, 2022). High risk bias study found post test
scores while low risk study found no differences. For interventions, one small study reported no
difference in post test means whilst another found higher level of abuse. The improvements also
had been measured according to which the occurrence of abuse is complicated. The aim of
intervention and support services aimed towards victims due to which the rates of reporting also
improved although it is still unclear that it was due to enhancement in abuse repetition or better
reporting of abuse. Furthermore, unintentional phenomenon were not reported within the studies.
Approach utilized within the research
In order to complete the research, secondary data collection method had been utilized
according to which the scholar collected 19 databases over 12 platforms which includes
multidisciplinary disciplines by covering health, social science, medical, finance, legal and
education. The relevant and related organizational websites also had been browsed by the
researcher, relevant articles authors also had been contacted and reference list also had been
added in order to provide their ethical consideration. The searches were not restricted by
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language. Selection criteria that had been involved is randomized controlled trials, quasi-RCT's,
cluster randomized trials, before and after studies along with interrupted time series (Rosen and
et.al., 2020). The data had been collected through the review of two authors according to which
data extracted in order to assess the risk of bias had been studied. All studies collected were
assessed for methodology study, setting, intervention type, targeted audience, intervention
components and intervention intensity.
Key implications of the approach
In order to identify the implications that had been involved by utilizing secondary
approach while conducting the research, it had been evaluated that secondary research method is
comparatively much more cost effective than primary research. This involves the utilization of
already gathered data while the primary research collects fresh data through diversified
techniques which is quite expensive for the scholar. With the help of secondary approach, the
authors were able to generate new insights from various previous analysis as there is huge
amount of data is being available over the internet which justifies the content or information in
most reliable manner. On the other hand, it also involved certain limitations according to which
the data might be lack quality at certain levels along with full of biases as it had been collected
or tested by somebody else.
The ways in which this research will useful in health and social care practices
Elderly abuse is a crucial topic or public health issue which requires huge amount of
emphasis from authorized persons in order to reduce such practices among the society. The
survivors of such practices reported higher rates of depression. This activity has serious
implications over the mental and physical health along with create various financial and social
consequences for the people living in the society (Mydin, Yuen and Othman, 2021). By reading
such articles, the elders are become highly aware about their rights and policies which has been
prepared in order to protect them. They are able to understand the ways through which they can
be prevented from such abuse. Actually, this specific issue is the only form of family violence
for which federal government no resources virtually. Hence, this requires concerning person's
serious attention in order to stop certain practices.
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Literature review
As per various researches the topic requires great investigation as there are various
people who are not aware about the issues. Past evidences states that 10% of adults face some
form of abuse. In order to identify the effectiveness of interventions, research had been taken
place.
Discussion and conclusion
The study shows the significance of effectiveness of the intervention programs utilized to
reduce elders from abuses. As per author findings, the system requires high quality trials to
overcome from such challenges. It is important to make the elders aware about their rights. The
study shows limitations in the quantity and quality of studies. For future context more emphasis
over the interventions and their type should be given by the authors.
RESEARCH PAPER 2- KEEPING CONTROL: EXPLORING MENTAL
HEALTH SERVICE USER PERSPECTIVES ON TARGETED VIOLENCE
AND ABUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF ADULT SAFEGUARDING
(NIHR, 2022. [Online]. Available Through: <https://sphr.nihr.ac.uk/>.)
Key findings of the research
The presented research article had been written down by Sarah Carr, Alison Faulkner,
Trish Hafford Letchfield, Claudia Megele, Dorothy Gould, Christine Khisa, Rachel Cohen and
Jessica Holley. The topic which had been covered within the study is related to the keeping
control over the mental health services as per user perspectives on targeted violence and abuse in
context of adult safeguarding. As per the article, it had been evaluated that there are certain
common feelings that have been faced all across the service users which includes living in fear
of abuse and feeling unsafe. Neglecting by mental health staff can be experienced as targeted
abuse by service users (NIHR, 2022). From the study, it had been identified that staff felt
disempowered, afraid to take responsibility, lacking behind in confidence, and to speak out
about bad practices in their system along with into mental health and social work blame culture.
Hence, service users required more mental health and adult safeguarding practitioners
such as police and housing officers to listen and believe them and become accountable enough
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to take ownership of the issues to resolve them along with help them to pursue justice.
Moreover, it had also been analysed that there should be more emphasis is given over the
protection measures which consists of safety planning and safeguarding.
Approach utilized by the authors
Within the article secondary as well as primary method both had been used in order to
analyse the topic and identify results into most effectual manner. The author utilized literature
scoping review according to which researcher did user-controlled interviews with self-selecting
mental health service users with experience of targeted violence and abuse recruited through
user led establishment. The practitioner led safeguarding and mental health practitioners discuss
over preliminary services using interview. Moreover, a sense making stakeholder event which
facilitates discussion over the implications of the findings for adult safeguarding in mental
health (Yunus, Hairi and Choo, 2019). With complete analysis, it had been evaluated that over
half of the team known as service user or researchers and was produced practitioner approaches
in team working by setting shared principles along with derived methods. Hence, the data had
been derived through qualitative as well as quantitative both methods in effectual manner.
Key implications of particular approach
From the detailed analysis, both primary as well as secondary methods helped the
scholars to complement each other in order to help them by building convincing arguments.
Primary sources are more credible as evidence along with the secondary source which shows the
higher importance of work because it is related to the existing research and consists their
information as well up to some extent (Bows and Penhale, 2018). With the help of adopting both
the approaches, the researcher have the facility to offer quick and easy ways to introduce their
knowledge in considerable ways. On the other hand, at some point of time it might distort from
the topic as it was difficult to evaluate the information that whether it is from recent study and
collected currently or gathered from previous research experiences. Generally, scholars do not
combine and adopt both formats of doing the research because of the cost involved but if the
model requires adjustment, then both methods has been used by the scholars.
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The ways through which the research help in health and social care practices
From detailed evaluation, it had been identified that mental health service users
experiences risk from others along with negligence as well. Thus, they have to require
appropriate information and awareness about adult safeguarding along with raising alerts in
order to identify the rights and protections against the hate crimes so that they will be able to
access the support in considerable ways. The user led ways should be highly emphasized and
agree over the services that consists of safety planning as well as safeguarding results (Santos
and et.al., 2021). This article helped the adults to establish collective and individual
responsibility among agencies and practitioners in order to share information, develop common
language and create open cultures in order to resolve the adult safeguarding conditions and make
the elders also aware about the concepts in detailed manner. With the help of all such facilities,
the people who are at high risk or victims are able to resolve mental health problems. Due to
these, they are able to confidently take responsibility and raises concerns or challenges faced by
them while living within the society.
Literature review
It had been already identified that there are certain practices occurs in the society due to
which the Care Act 2014 had been prepared. Most adult safeguarding previous researches has
focused over services and practitioner perception. Hence, author wants to research more over the
topic.
Discussion and conclusion
The report concluded that mental health service users requires information and
awareness about adult safeguarding along with raising alerts, protection and rights to access
support and hold professionals. Time is the major limitation of the study. For future perspective,
collective responsibilities have been established by sharing information and developing a
common language along with open cultures is required.
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RESEARCH PAPER 3: THE SOUND OF SILENCE: EVIDENCE OF THE
CONTINUING UNDER REPORTING OF ABUSE IN CARE HOMES
(emerald insight, 2022. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JAP-08-2019-0027/full/html>.)
Major findings
The article has been written down by Steve Moore which is an independent researcher
and consultant based in Dubley, United Kingdom. Their primary purpose of conducting this
research is to reveal continuous under-reported or active concealments of abuse in private sector
care homes which are specially for older people within the England. Within this study, it had
been identified that there are some people who are still not aware about the concepts that
actually there are such things do exists while on the other hand, some respondents were fully
aware about the occurrences of abuse which had been reported in care homes and no subsequent
actions were taken by the authorized person (Lafontaine, Sawchuk and DeJong, 2020). There are
few strategies also had been described by some respondents that had been utilized in order to
deter reports of abuses to external agencies and to conceal their occurrence from the statutory
regulator and service commissioners.
Approach utilized by the author
In order to complete the study in most effectual manner, an anonymous completed
questionnaire was utilized within the newly introduced or appointed staff into 11 newly opened
care homes in order to arouse qualitative as well as quantitative data which were relatable to the
reports that are being occurred because of the abuse that has been faced by elders within the care
homes. For detailed evaluation, primary method had been adopted according to which, 391
questionnaires were returned out of which 285 indicated that respondents of the questions have
witnessed some way abuse practices on at least once in their life or occasion (emerald insight,
2022). The primary method helped the researcher to collect the data according to the latest and
current analysis which automatically helps them to enhance the knowledge level of readers
furthermore after adopting more study.
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Key implication of primary approach
With the help of utilizing primary method into research with the help of applying
questionnaire within the study, it had been evaluated that the scholar is effectively able to fulfil
the subsequent gaps within the information that the scholar was not able to collect through
secondary mode of data collection approach. The primary goal of utilizing this specific method
is to answer the specific questions over which the whole study exists and that have the capability
to directly pertain the project at first instance (Kirk and et.al., 2019). Although, it is quite
expensive and time-consuming than secondary approach because the primary approach consists
of face to face interactions with the respondents or otherwise the internet facilities in order to
circulate the questionnaire among respondents.
The construction through which this research used into social and health care activity
Such type of articles are highly helpful in order to make people aware about the wrong
practices that is being generated within the society. This help to reduce the likelihood of working
with people who are having centred values and completely aware about the scenario. This
generates the probability of reduction into elderly abuse practices within the private care homes
of England or else make elders aware about their rights which can be adopted by them in order
to deal with such kind of practices.
Literature review
It has been well-known that the adults are at risk in all environments and certain efforts
are required to address this issue. Further indications of the prevalence of abuse in care and
nursing homes found in findings. Thus, in order to collect additional evidences who support the
view that abuse occurs frequently in home care centres, the study had been conducted.
Discussion and conclusion
With the study, it had been evaluated that the staff members are fail to report abuses.
According to the findings it had been suggested that the home care centers have to attempt to
quantify abuse occurring among the whole population of elders.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bows, H. and Penhale, B., 2018. Elder abuse and social work: Research, theory and
practice. British Journal of Social Work, 48(4), pp.873-886.
Kirk, C.A. and et.al., 2019. Social workers’ perceptions of restorative approaches with families
in cases of elder abuse: a qualitative study. The Journal of Adult Protection.
Lafontaine, C., Sawchuk, K. and DeJong, S., 2020. Social justice games: building an escape
room on elder abuse through participatory action research. The Computer Games
Journal, 9(2), pp.189-205.
Mydin, F.H.M., Yuen, C.W. and Othman, S., 2021. The Effectiveness of educational
intervention in improving primary health-care service providers’ knowledge,
identification, and management of elder abuse and neglect: a systematic
review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(4), pp.944-960.
Rosen, T. and et.al., 2020. Identifying injury patterns associated with physical elder abuse:
analysis of legally adjudicated cases. Annals of emergency medicine, 76(3), pp.266-
276.
Santos, A.J. and et.al., 2021. Exploring the correlates to depression in elder abuse victims:
abusive experience or individual characteristics?. Journal of interpersonal
violence, 36(1-2), pp.NP115-NP134.
Yunus, R.M., Hairi, N.N. and Choo, W.Y., 2019. Consequences of elder abuse and neglect: A
systematic review of observational studies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), pp.197-
213.
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