A Detailed Literature Review: Research Methods in Healthcare Research

This literature review critically examines various research methodologies employed in healthcare, focusing on data security, patient privacy, and the implementation of Health Information Technology (HIT). It explores the development of clinical databases like BTRIS, highlighting their features, functionalities, and challenges related to data access and security. The review also assesses the impact of user-centered design in healthcare systems, using Gopher as an example, and evaluates the association between electronic information technology and privacy concerns, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. Furthermore, it analyzes the experiences associated with implementing digital health technologies, including the challenges and benefits of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in improving care quality and reducing healthcare costs. The review synthesizes findings from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the complexities and advancements in healthcare research and technology.

Research
aim/objective
Method Sample/Sampling strategy Findings Agreement/Disagreement
(Cimino et
al., 2014)
To explore the
database design of
BTRIS, query tools,
terminology
management, and
compare it with
other clinical data
repository
architectures
Development of a
precise
extraction-
transformation-
load (ETL),
followed by
testing and
running them in
intervals
NIH information
environment used that
comprised of material on ,
central EHRs, hospital
departmental
organisations and
institution CTDMSs.
BTRIS
prototype
helps in
refining NIH
policies and
requirements
of the service
users. It
syndicates
data from
medical care
and research,
while
supporting
Agrees that healthcare data security
provides the opportunity to clinical
investigators to adequately access data
that is identifiable for their clients, on
several active protocols.

numerous
perspectives,
together with
retrospective
and
prospective
research and
data re-use
(Duke et
al., 2014)
To recapitulate the
functionality of
Medical Gopher
system and identify
its innovative
features
The process was
typically based on
user-centered
design. An
excellent internet
framework was
used with the help
of
The use of Medical
Gopher was customised
based on the needs of the
inpatient, outpatient,
and emergency
department settings.
An estimated
1100 users
utilise the
Medical
Gopher tool
each day. It is
also used by
more than 433
Agrees with the fact that use of
information technology in healthcare
facilitates patient outcome and enhances
clinical decision making

agile development
method.
physicians on
a daily basis,
who provide
care to
roughly 3600
patients. The
tool was found
useful in
clinical
documentation
with the help
of data review
and real-
time natural
language
processing

(Neame,
2014)
To evaluate the
association between
clinical data sharing
and protection of
private health
information of the
clients
Review of
different scholarly
resources and
government
guidelines
21 articles and guidelines
were analysed
Privacy can be
ensured in
electronic
health record
systems by
several steps
such as, (i)
identification,
(ii) user
privilege,
contract and
penalty, (iii)
access control
prevention,
(iv) record
processing,
Disagree to certain extent since
widespread use of information
technology in healthcare also includes
the risk of violation of patient
confidentiality. Efforts must be taken
for security of personal information.
However, it agreed on the fact that
privacy is one of the most persistent
data security concerns for healthcare
organisations and professionals

and (v)
outsourcing
control,
among many
other
strategies.
Another
essential
implication of
privacy
protection is
by keeping the
patient in
control of
health records
and the people

who might
access the
records.
(Sheikh,
Sood &
Bates,
2015)
To explore the
experiences
associated with
implementing
health information
technology (HIT)
for improving
patient care health,
besides reducing
healthcare
expenditures.
In-depth
qualitative
interviews
47 interviews conducted
among federal
government employees,
health providers, patient
advocates, purchasers,
health policy, medico-
legal and HIT experts,
payers, physicians, and
vendors across the United
States.
HITECH
triggered
formation of a
digital
infrastructure
that improved
care quality
and reduced
costs.
Disagreed on the fact that EHRs were
not able to support multi-disciplinary
care and often created difficulties in
information exchange.