This literature review critically examines various research methodologies employed in healthcare, focusing on data security, patient privacy, and the implementation of Health Information Technology (HIT). It explores the development of clinical databases like BTRIS, highlighting their features, functionalities, and challenges related to data access and security. The review also assesses the impact of user-centered design in healthcare systems, using Gopher as an example, and evaluates the association between electronic information technology and privacy concerns, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. Furthermore, it analyzes the experiences associated with implementing digital health technologies, including the challenges and benefits of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in improving care quality and reducing healthcare costs. The review synthesizes findings from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the complexities and advancements in healthcare research and technology.