Literature Review Report: Corporate Social Responsibility and Analysis

This report presents a comprehensive literature review, emphasizing its crucial role in academic and research endeavors. It defines literature review as a summary of previously conducted research, highlighting its significance in developing knowledge and understanding the nature of a study. The report delves into the purpose of literature reviews, which includes establishing a theoretical base and evaluating existing sources. It also explores the contribution of literature reviews to academic work, emphasizing their role in combining summaries and syntheses of data. Furthermore, the report analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the lens of six articles, discussing its impact on employees, the environment, community, and the marketplace. The analysis includes various perspectives on CSR, emphasizing its role in enhancing brand image, consumer loyalty, and employee retention. The report concludes with recommendations based on the findings and the importance of ethical business practices.

INDIVIDUAL
REPORT

ABSTRACT
This report is about literature review and its importance for the study as well as
academical work. Literature review plays an essential role when a researcher is working over
some topic as it help in developing a knowledge regarding particular topic of study by providing
information which is already being published by some another person. From this report it has
been found that literature review help an investigator in understanding the nature of study by
analysing the previously performed researcher to extract best information that can be further
study to accomplish research goals. But to achieve positive result from literature review it is
recommended to reader or investigator to use only those sources which are authenticated and
reliable that provide fresh and accurate information that not mislead readers.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Literature review....................................................................................................................4
Purpose: -................................................................................................................................4
Contribution toward academicals work and study.................................................................5
Role of literature review........................................................................................................5
Literature review on corporate social responsibility..............................................................5
ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................................9
RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Literature review is defined as a comprehensive summary of previously done research
over similar kind of topic. This summary is basically performed by collecting information from
several secondary sources such as books, internet survey, scholarly articles, published material,
previously formed records and many more. This report is based upon the concept of literature
review. In this report there is a detailed description about literature review along with a
description about its purpose as well as contribution in academicals work. In addition to this it
also includes the literature review over corporate social responsibility in which information has
been gathered by using six articles.
MAIN BODY
Literature review
It refers to the process of reviewing a previously formed article or other research material
in order to gain an understanding over particular topic of research. Literature review is the part of
secondary research in which current knowledge will be enhanced by performing a deep analysis
over existing research material in order to contribute toward theoretical as well as
methodological findings of particular topic (Hart, 2018). There are thousands of articles as well
as books present which provide information regarding the area of study so for collecting relevant
information literature review help in limiting the sources that ate required to get a good survey
content.
Purpose: -
Literature review is a type of comprehensive summary which is performed over t6he
findings of previously performed research which is available through Articles, scholarly papers,
journals, books, internet survey etc.
 The main purpose of conducting literature review is to develop a theoretical base over the
research so that further information can be gathered as per the previous findings which
will provide more accurate and reliable information.
 Another purpose of conducting literature review is to understand the nature of study by
evaluating the previously held research over similar topic.

 Literature review also work toward evaluating different sources and then advice the
reader over particular source which is more accurate and relevant for accomplishing
research objective.
Contribution toward academicals work and study
Literature review also contributes toward the concept of academicals work as well as study
and this is because literature review is not just limited to perform a summery over existing study.
Rather than this it is an organisational pattern which combines both summary as well as
synthesis of particular investigated data (Booth, Sutton and Papaioannou, 2016). It this summary
is recap of necessary information and on the other side synthesis is a reorganisation of
information in more reliable and useful manner. Both plays a significant role in academicals
work and study as it helps students in developing their understanding on the bases of previous
study summarisation which is further expanded by re organising this information or knowledge
along with fresh data available at present time. In addition to this it also consists of arguments
which is very beneficially in academicals study as it helps in creating knowledge by covering
each aspect of particular study.
Role of literature review
Literature review plays a significant role within a research by performing an in-depth
analysis over the existing available information regarding the topic off concern so that further
process can be performed in this area (Peterson and et. al., 2017). Following are the role that
literature review performs within a research:
 It acts like a handy tool which guide over particular study by providing an overview on
its understanding.
 It works toward keeping researcher up to date about what is current in particular study
area.
 Its main role is to provide new interpretation over the existing day or combine old
information along with existing to provide a more reliable data. By this researcher will be
able to present its current investigating by evidencing it with previous findings
Literature review on corporate social responsibility
Article 1

As per the view point of Mallen Baker (2019), Corporate social responsibility refers to a
way in which an organisation manages its business operational as well as process in order to
produce an overall impact over society. It generally includes sustainability, ethics and social
impact that will contribute toward mutual benefit of all the stakeholders belongs to an
organisation. CSR activities must be involved by a company in its organisational policies for not
only providing ethical service to customer but also to provide employees an environment of
equity. As majority of company fulfil their social responsibility toward the welfare of customers
but on the other side exploit its employees. Hence, by implementing CSR activities it must
provide employees a workplace where they get equal opportunities despite of having any
discrimination in term of gender, age group, culture or nationality. Therefore, corporate social
responsibility must be a continuous commitment among businesses in order to behave ethically
and assist toward the economic development by improving the quality of workforce life as well
as local community at large. This is because social responsibility has now become an integral
and not crucial part of an organisation’s wealth creation process which when managed properly
support in enhancing the competitiveness of business.
Article 2
But as per the view point of Angela Schettion (2019), Corporate Social responsibility is
simply a concept of addressing the ethics of a business and way it operates in society that can
sustain for long term. So, in order to achieve long term, benefit an organisation must focuses
toward performing CSR activities. Generally corporate social responsibility falls under four
major categories such as:
Employees: - An organisation must formulate policies or organisational structure in a
way which doesn’t denied the rights and well-being of employees working within the company.
Hence, company must focuses toward complying with all the legal rights of employees along
with providing them equality at workplace.
Environment: - CSR activities related with environment focuses toward performing
business operations that doesn’t harm natural resources, saves energy and product made by
company are easier to recycle.
Community: - It involve the impact that number of activities performed an organisation
have over the society as well as its customers along with the actions that has been performed
toward the development of society.

Market place: - A business is required to perform CSR activities not only for its
workplace or customers rather it must also perform its trade ethical at marketplace and avoid
illegal or unethical practices to earn profit.
Article 3
As per the view point of Sammi Caramela (2019), corporate responsibility is basically a
way through which companies take responsibility for environmental as well as social impact of
business operations performed by them. CSR activities are generally considered as a robust
option that an organisation can adopt to present its good corporate citizenship. This further help
company to remain safe from outsider risk by considering environment as well as social sphere
which is all around the company. This is because now day’s customers want more than just good
quality product or services while they are selecting a brand. Hence, majority of companies
focusing toward holding corporation accountability for bringing changes within the society
toward its development with their business belief, profit and practice. This is performed wither
by offering good quality product, recycling material to create new or by offering employees
benefit to enhance their life quality by getting equal opportunity.
Article 4
As per the view point Panda, Modak and Pradhan (2016), CSR is an ethical management
concept where companies aim toward integrating economic, social and environmental concerns
along with consideration of human right into their business operation. It is a valuable
contribution which enhances the reputation of company as well as brand within the society.
These CSR practices off an organisation may involve encouraging staff to volunteer in
community by closely working with specific charity, providing fund to community organisation
and funding scholarship, promoting diversity among workforce or aiming toward minimising the
carbon footprint etc. In addition to this CSR also focuses toward increasing sustainability or
socially responsible investment.
But along with all the benefit corporate social responsibility provide to society, proper
implementation of these activities along move to a long way for enhancing the company’s public
image. This also had a favourable impact over employees either in the form of attracting better
talent or it support in developing better employees. In addition to this a company with strong
CSR practices or commitment often get it easier to recruit high skilled employees but also be
able retain it for longer period of time. Hence, a CSR commitment support an organisation to

reduce employee turnover which leads to accomplishment of organisational objective or target
by maintaining a workforce of high skilled and competent employees.
Article 5
According to the view point of Park, Lee and Kim, (2014), corporate social responsibility
work toward creating a filter for the operations that are undertaken by a company which support
in keeping an organisation accountable and ethical toward the social and environmental benefit.
Undertaking a socially responsible initiative support in achieving a win-win solution by making
a big difference in the world through performing organisational practice in a way that bring
maximum benefit to social development at large. There are numerous of benefit that CSR
practice provides which includes:
Enhanced brand image: - Any business which is considered as socially responsible will
benefited with enhance brand image as well as reputation at marketplace or among society. This
will help company in achieving sustainability at marketplace for period of time.
Consumer loyalty and maximisation of sale: - For achieving business success a
company must focuses toward satisfying the customer buying criteria that consist of product’s
quality, price, convenience and availability. Because nowadays customers are more focused
toward relaying their product purchase choice over the ethical involvement of organisation in its
practices.
Increased ability to retain employees: - An organisation having strong CSR commitment
will be able to maintain a high skilled and competent workforce by retaining them for longer
period of time. This is because a company which follows CSR for its employee’s management
will always its employees an opportunity to show their capability and also ensures fulfilment of
their rights which further support in keeping them happy with their job and continuation of their
work for longer time period.
Article 6
As per the view point of Farooq and et. al., (2014), corporate social responsibility is not any
mandate practice rather it is something extra efforts that are performed by an organisation for
improving their local as well as global communities. This support company in improving its
brand image within public by getting more media coverage over the actions performed by
organisation toward the development of society. This improved public image supports an
organisation to get more loyal customers which use to maintain a long term relation with its

brand because of ethical practices performed in its marketing and operations activities. Apart
from this CSR commitment of an organisation also help in getting its employee engaged within
such practices that lead to accomplishment of organisational objectives.
ANALYSIS
The present investigation is based on the analysis of Corporate Social Responsibilities
and its influence on developing operations and functions of business. CSR is refers as a business
approach which contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and
environmental benefits for all stakeholders. In the modern business environment competition is
high within the commercial centre and organisations are widely concern on attaining higher
growth and success in respect to providing high competition to its rivals.
As per the above analysis it has been evaluated that CSR not recognised as the mandatory
aspect, as CSR activities are used by organisations for developing the operations of firm within
market. CSR is also considered as the effective practice that helps an organisation in gaining
attention of people towards the firm or its operation. The implementation of CSR activities are
effective in providing a systematic direction to the firm, thus organisations are implementing
some norms and policies for employees that create value in sustainability of employees within
work place. From the above study it has been analysed that, Corporate social responsibility is a
business approach by which companies integrate social and environmental concerns in business
operations.
As it is known social responsibility has now become an integral and crucial part of
organisations wealth creation policies so it must provide employees ,the environment of equity
which can be done by involving CSR activities in companies organisational policies. From an
employee’s point of view, an organisation must formulate policies keeping in mind legal rights
of employees, so that they feel equality at work place. From the market's point of views, CSR
activities are required to be performed so that illegal and unethical practices to earn profit can be
avoided. Corporate social responsibility will help in enhancing the brand image so that
sustainability could be achieved at the marketplace and by satisfying the need of customers,
consumer loyalty will built.

RECOMMENDATIONS
From the above given analysis it can be recommended that every organisation must try to
involve CSR practices in its business that support in improving organisational practices. In
addition to this it is also support in an organisation to not only improve its goodwill within the
marketplace but also providing an environment as well as culture at workplace where employees
feel happy to work.
CONCLUSION
From the above given information it can be summarised that literature review is an essential
part of research that focuses toward developing an understanding about the particular area of
study. It contributes toward enhancing the knowledge of researcher regrading a particular study
topic by critically evaluating, analysing and summering the information that has already been
researched by some another person on similar topic. This summary support a researcher to
further continue its investigation by taking previously searched information as an evident for
new gathered data. In addition to this literature review also act a handy tool which help in
making researcher available with required information by forming up a base over which
investigator can continue to further explore data to meet with research objective.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Hart, C., 2018. Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.
Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016. Systematic approaches to a successful
literature review. Sage.
Peterson, J. and et. al., 2017. Understanding scoping reviews: Definition, purpose, and
process. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(1), pp.12-16.
Farooq, O. and et. al., 2014. The impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational
commitment: Exploring multiple mediation mechanisms. Journal of Business
Ethics. 125(4). pp.563-580.
Park, J., Lee, H. and Kim, C., 2014. Corporate social responsibilities, consumer trust and
corporate reputation: South Korean consumers' perspectives. Journal of Business
Research. 67(3). pp.295-302.
Panda, S., Modak, N. M. and Pradhan, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility, channel
coordination and profit division in a two-echelon supply chain. International Journal of
Management Science and Engineering Management. 11(1). pp.22-33.
Online
Angela Schettino. 2019. Role in Corporate Social Responsibility. [Online] Available through: <
https://www.legal-island.com/articles/uk/features/hr/2016/feb/what-is-your-role-in-
corporate-social-responsibility/>.
Sammi Caramela. 2019. What is Corporate Social Responsibility? [Online] Available through: <
https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4679-corporate-social-responsibility.html>.
Mallen Baker. 2019. Definitions of corporate social responsibility. [Online] Available through:
<http://mallenbaker.net/article/clear-reflection/definitions-of-corporate-social-
responsibility-what-is-csr>.