Investigating Electric Cars for Sustainable Energy in London Cities

This research report investigates the use of electric cars in achieving sustainable energy within the context of smart cities, focusing specifically on London. It begins by establishing a background on sustainable energy practices and the growing energy sector in the UK, highlighting the environmental benefits of electric cars as a core strategy for reducing pollution. The report outlines the aim to explore the role of electric cars in smart cities, with objectives including understanding the concept of electric cars and sustainable energy, assessing their environmental impact, identifying challenges faced by smart cities, and suggesting ways to minimize these challenges. Through a literature review, the report examines the concept of electric cars and sustainable energy, the environmental impacts of electric car usage (both positive and negative, including emissions during production and battery disposal), and the challenges faced by smart cities, such as limited driving range, battery degradation, and lack of charging infrastructure. The methodology employs an interpretivism research philosophy and secondary data collection through literature review. Identified problems include high investment requirements for charging infrastructure and the limited availability of private charging stations. The report concludes with recommendations for promoting electric car adoption and addressing the identified challenges.

PROJECT RESEARCH
REPORT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Background..................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
Methodology....................................................................................................................................6
Problem Identification.....................................................................................................................7
Conclusion and Recommendations..................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

To investigate the use of electric cars to achieve Sustainable Energy in smart cities.
A study on London.
INTRODUCTION
Background
Sustainable energy is a practice followed to meet up the current energy requirements. The
concept of sustainable energy is defined as matching up the current energy need of the country
without interfering into the future possibility of the country to deliver its energy needs. Natural
resources are all limited which require and forced the government for taking steps forwards
towards the sustainable energy solution that can match up the current need along with the future
possible needs of the country. There are certain strategies and tactics that are used to cope up
with the sustainable energy solution which include wind, solar energy, hydro power and also the
renewable energy solutions. Energy sector is a wide sector in United Kingdom as the industry
contain the turnover of approximately 41.2 billion in the recent financial year (Amir and Khan,
2021). The sector is growing at a rate of approximately 3% which make this sector one of the
fastest growing in the United Kingdom. Traditional methods of energy generation contain the
extra cost in the face of pollution and such related aspects. The impact of pollution has been
directly on global warming and many others. Sustainable energy solutions are the one that
allowed the government to overcome the negative impacts traditional energy solutions could
create in society (Khalil And et.al., 2021). The sustainable energy solutions allowed the
government to control all the barriers and negative impacts traditional energy generation
methods created in the society. Using electric cars is among the core strategic choice adopted as
a part of the sustainable enrage solutions adopted by the government. Electric cars are
environment friendly as they do not consume fuel which completely avoid releasing pollution in
the air. Demand of electric car is also rising globally due to the awareness of people towards
environment protection and such related aspects.
Aim: To investigate the use of electric cars to achieve Sustainable Energy in smart cities.
A study on London.
Objectives:
To understand the concept of electric car and sustainable energy

To assess the impact of using electric car on sustainable environment.
To identify the challenges faced by smart cities while using electric cars to make
environment sustainable .
To suggest different ways that can be used by smart cities to minimize challenges while
using electric cars.
Problem statement
Electric car is one of the core tactics adopted by the government to promote the
sustainable energy in smart city projects. There are various issues which are faced as a part of
using the electric cars which involve effectiveness of these cars as compare to the other fuel
based cars, unavailability of charging station and many more issues.
Research Questions
 What does it mean by electric car and sustainable energy?
 What are the impacts of using electric cars on sustainable environment?
 What are the challenges smart cities face while using elect cars to make environment
sustainable?
 What are the different recommendations use by the smart cities to minimize the
challenges of using electric cars?
Literature Review
Literature review is a projection about opinions presented by the scholar over the topic of
study. Views and opinions of various researchers will present in this chapter in contrasting
manner. Mai keywords used in literature review is electric cars, sustainable, negative impacts,
challenges and renewable energy.
Theme 1: Concept of electric car and sustainable energy
Giansoldati, and et.al., (2018)has defined Electric vehicle is one of the most innovative
technology that has allowed people to make use of renewable energy. It has various benefit
as well as disadvantage that will harm the environment. Along with this, Secinaro and et.al.,
(2020) has stated that electric car use renewable energy such as natural gas or battery that
helps in running the car. Moreover, it is considers has one of the most innovative tool made by
human in order to save environment. -Gelmanova, and et.al., (2018) has defined sustainable
energy has renewable source that can be defined as form of energy that will utilize again and
again without putting a source in danger of getting depleted and vanished. Although the major

opportunity to position Eva as one of the biggest buyer of renewable electricity globally.
Thøgerse and Ebsen, (2019) has stated that natural resources are depleting due to high
pollution and due to pandemic resources like petrol is increasing day by day. So in order to
safe such resources electric car has been design in order to save environment. Pandey,
Manocha and Saini, (2020) has stated that hydrogen is the fuel of electric car and it is more
conventional and internal combustion engine vehicle and it only emits water vapour and
warm air. Along with this, hybrid electric car and plug in electric is an important aspect for
safeguarding petroleum. Thus, it is not in the form of charging by batter but also on the carbon
intensity of the electricity that is used for making battery and yet it is imperative for EV
manufacturers to switch to renewable energy. Along with this, EV is truly a green option for
the future of transportation and it is vital that link with renewable energy.
Theme 2: Impact of using electric car on sustainable environment
Sobol and Dyjakon, (2020) has stated that electric car is very beneficial for environment and it
does not produce harm full gases that will not harm nature. Along with this, it is cheaper to
run the cost of the electric car is low as compare to petrol car. Although the cost of the car
will be cheaper if it is charge with solar energy and it is free at charging station. Holmberg
and Erdemir,( 2019) has argued that this car cannot travel more distance and it needs to be
charge frequently. This is disadvantage of this car and due to that people avoid using it a lot.
As per the view of Sierra Rodriguez and et.al., (2020) making electric car create emission
during the production and it is much higher than conventional car. It is because that lithium
ion batteries are important part of electric car as more than a third of the lifetime Co 2
emission form an electric car come form the energy. Moreover, hybrid car very good for
environment as it is combination of both electric and traditional fuel engine and produce some
emissions during a drive. Giansoldati, Monte and Scorrano, (2020) has argued that while
electric car do not emit exhaust fumes but the batteries that are used emit toxic fumes. Most of
the electric car are chargeable and it is generated from non- renewable energy sources which
can create negative impact on both health of people and environment. Fridstrøm and Østli,
(2021) explained that most part of the electric car is recyclable such as door, seats and dash.
Thus, it promotes environmental friendly products and reduce waste when their materials are
dismantled and recovers. The another disadvantage of electric car is that their battery needs
rare metal as it uses the lightest metal lithium under normal condition. The other solid metals

are copper, aluminium and nickel thus excessive using of this car will decrease the source
of these metals.
Theme 3: Challenges faced by smart cities while using electric cars to make environment
sustainable .
The main reason for developing electric car is to reduce the pollutant emission in smart cities.
As per the view of Secinaro and et.al., (2020) the major challenge that smart city faced is it
has shorter driving range and degrading batteries. Due to it less travel capacity government
have to open the charging station that required lot of space and investment . However, it is
not possible in smart city as it does not have much area as it need to open other industries
in order to maintain their economy rate. Holmberg and Erdemir, (2019) has stated that as
smart cities have high population as compare to ordinary state there is no dedicated parking
spot and due to that prefer using public transport. Thus, state government has ton invest in
building parking space near commercial and residential area Along with this, another issues is
lack of service option as electric are still in developing face and it has been no using by
most the country. So people generally export such car and due to that most of the
companies are trying to open them but r because of high competition in the market it is not
able to. Thus, Smart cities is facing issue in opening service centre as most of the customer
prefer petrol car over this as they are easy to use.
Methodology
Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is a complete process on which entire research is based. This
involves planning, development and systematic projection of the entire study. Research
philosophies are off two types one is interpretive and another one is positivism. In respect to
qualitative research interpritivism philosophy of research is used (Martins And et.al., 2021). For
the quantitative study positivism philosophy of research is used. This study will consume the
interpretivism philosophy of research.
Data collection
Data collection is a process related to collecting and acquiring the necessary information
to approach the research aim and objectives. Data collection is excited with support of two
methods such as primary method of data collection and secondary method of data collection.
Primary method involve collecting the information by putting an individual effort to conduct the

study. Scholar uses the fresh information in this method to carry out the whole study. In context
to secondary data collection method already available information is used to execute the whole
study (Li and et.al., 2021). Already available data or information has been used in this technique
which make this data collection method more time and resource efficient. Secondary method of
data collection will use literature review to carry out the study.
Limitation of project
Limitations denote all the weak areas that was faced during the completion of the project.
There are certain weaknesses also associated with the research which involve lack of time and
funds available for the project. Insufficient sample size also created an issue over the project.
Limited access of data and information became one of the major limitation associated with the
whole project. Conflict has also been raised from cultural bias and other relevant personal issues.
There was not any proper exposure over the research topic which could also offer a limitations
over the study is executed.
Problem Identification
There are a certain problems and issues which could identify in the study. All these
aspects that could find in the project can present in the following manner.
Investment requirements
Electric cars require private charging stations that can support the car owner to charging
the car on a regular basis. Installation of the charging system is very costly. In this area
government require investment in the form of foreign direct investment and stakeholders also
trying to approach many investors in this area. Currently the investment in the sector is very
limited as investors do not feel safe to make an investment in this particular area. In the existing
situation the difference can easily be seen in the investment requirements and the available funds
in the area.
Private charging station.
Private charging station is one of the major need and demand of the electric cars. These
are the modern car solutions that can replace the existing fuel based cars to protect the
sustainable energy in the country. Private charging stations are the key to achieve success in
effectively launching the electric cars. Currently the charging point are very limited. Government
need to focus on increasing the private chagrin station that can facilitate the charging facility
inside the property or building. This practice will create a huge impact in creating a revolution

with support of the electric cars. Government need to promote installation of charging stations in
building so that more people can inspire to buy electric cars. Currently the major issue people are
facing while buying an electric car is related to lack of availability of charging stations for the
electric cars. More number of private installations in building, complex, flats, appartments which
facilitate the service or charging to the car owners that would eventually increase the demand of
the electric car in market.
Affordability of cars
Generally electric cars are more affordable in comparison to other fuel based cars.
Maintenance cost is low for these cars which create a positive impact over the sales of these cars.
This is among the positive aspects associated with the electric cars.
Strategic alliances.
Government need to develop a strategic alliance with stakeholders to support the growth
and development of an electric car. Alliances with auto mobile traders, manufacturers, charging
stations and many more. Strategic alliances will allow the government to support the growth and
development of the industry.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Electric car is considered as one of the premium solution associated with sustainable
energy in the world. These cars are environment friendly and also cost effective which make
these cars even more feasible and convinient for its consumers to buy. Currently many issues and
challenges associated with thee electric car which involve a fact that investment requirement is
huge in the sector. Private charging stations are also limited in the country which restrict the
industry to grow in the market (İnci and et.al., 2021). These cars are more affordable in
comparison to other fuel; based cars. Strategic alliances are also required to develop by the
government with companies associated with the auto mobile sector and many other petroleum
companions to install more number of charging stations.
Recommendations:
 Government should promote electric cars by taking various initiatives in the form of
green energy, sustainable energy and many more.
 Government should provide a subsidy to install the private charging stations for electric
cars. This will motivate to all the builders and contractors to install power stations in the
building (Ren and et.al., 2021). As installation of charging point contain extra cost which

do not motivate them to install thee stations or point. Subsidy will reduce the extra cost
burden that will surely motivate to the stakeholders to initiate installation of the private
charging points of stations inside the building.
 This is recommended that government should motivate to the builders and other business
houses engaged in the construction sector to focus on installation of the charging point in
building and complexes. This will certainly create a difference in the market.
 Government should also approach to auto-mobile companies that are currently not in the
United Kingdom but involved in electric car segment. This will allow the government to
offer more number of brands to the people living in United Kingdom.

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