Dissertation: Electric Cars in London - Barriers and Incentives

This dissertation, titled "Barriers and incentives arise with use of electric cars in London," investigates the factors influencing electric vehicle (EV) adoption in the city. The introduction provides background on the growing trend of eco-friendly practices and the rationale for studying EV usage, highlighting environmental benefits and challenges like charging infrastructure. The literature review delves into incentives such as reduced emissions and government subsidies, and barriers including limited charging points and long charging times. The research methodology outlines the use of a research onion, interpretivism philosophy, and a descriptive research design, along with both primary (questionnaires) and secondary data collection methods. Data analysis includes the use of thematic analysis of survey responses. The dissertation aims to determine incentives, ascertain barriers, and analyze ways to reduce these barriers to promote EV uptake in London, concluding with recommendations and reflections based on the findings. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding consumer behavior and the role of government and manufacturers in fostering EV adoption.

Dissertation

Table of Contents
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Overview and background..........................................................................................................1
Rationale of research...................................................................................................................1
Research aim:..............................................................................................................................2
Research objectives.....................................................................................................................2
Research questions......................................................................................................................2
Gantt chart...................................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
Incentives which people get with use of electric cars in London...............................................5
Barriers faced with use of electric cars in London......................................................................5
Ways through which barriers associated with use of electric car can be reduced......................6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................7
DATA ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................8
Data interpretation.....................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND REFLECTION................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................13
Reflection..................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

TITLE:
“Barriers and incentives arise with use of electric cars in London.”
INTRODUCTION
Overview and background
These days, there is more trends among people about use of eco- friendly techniques, so
there will no negative impact on operations of society. There is use of proper understanding
about use of techniques with which environment protection is possible such as use of ultra low
emission vehicles which gives positive impact on protection as well. In country, climatic changes
are taking place with rapid speed , so in this case with use of proper tools and techniques it can
be reduced. This investigation will provides information about positive as well as negative
aspects which arise due to use of electric cars (Bergman, Schwanen and Sovacool, 2017). With
use of electric cars, there are some issues which people face such as charging point due to which
people might not prefers to use it. But at the same time, they have some benefits as well such as
environmental protection. In London, roads are smooth, so with use of electric cars, individual
can cover short distance but for long run, there is lack of charging points. If people prefers to
charge on road, then there is possibility of traffic jams.
When people are using eco- friendly vehicles positive impact on environment can be
achieved, this is cheap as compared to fuel, less expensive and maintenance is also low and it
does not make much noise, so pollution is also low. But there are negative impact too such as
charging points are not available readily, charging requires time as compared to fuel filling, does
not preferred for long distance, etc. due to these reasons sometimes people does not prefers to
purchase electric cars (Biresselioglu, Kaplan and Yilmaz, 2018). In current market, there are
many changes as well in electric vehicle such as improve battery charger, improvements in EV,
etc. There is requirement of proper understanding and evaluation through which people might
have interest in availing electric cars.
Rationale of research
Main motto behind selecting this topic is that researcher is related to technical
department, so it is easy for them to perform operations properly. This topic is new and relevant,
so respondents also share their views properly, so study will be relevant and specific. Researcher
can use this topic in future for conducting further in- depth investigation as secondary source of
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information. In future, if researcher invest in electric cars, then they can perform actions with
understanding changes associated with it.
Research aim:
To determine the barriers and incentives for the use of electric cars
in London and to explore the incentives that can be used to increase
uptake and reduce barriers.
Research objectives
 To determine the incentives which help people get with use of electric cars in London.
 To ascertain the barriers faced with use of electric cars in London.
 To analyse the ways through which barriers associated with use of electric car can be
reduced.
Research questions
 What are the incentives which people get with use of electric cars in London?
 What are the barriers faced with use of electric cars in London?
 What are the ways through which barriers associated with use of electric car can be
reduced?
Gantt chart
Gantt chart shows information about time required to complete study (Cherubini,
Iasevoli and Michelini, 2015). As there are many actions which has to be performed for
completing the study, so in this case there must be proper understanding about policies with the
help of which individuals perform their actions in appropriate and specific manner.
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3

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LITERATURE REVIEW
This is the chapter in which objectives are discussed in- depth through online sources.
This section is crucial because information is presented is authentic and reliable (Knezović, K.
and et. al., 2017.). Literature review for this investigation is as under-
Incentives which people get with use of electric cars in London
Electric cars are not relevant in only current market but people prefers to use it from last
past years. As there is change in working style, then there are possibilities that operations are
performed in better and effective manner. With use of electric cars, people are able to work in
context of environmental prospects as well. With change in living standards and up- gradations
of technology, then satisfactory services can be provided. According to MURRAY SCULLION,
2019 with use of electric cars, there will nil emission, so pollution is also low. This is the best
way for which operations are performed in appropriate and significant manner. When there is
proper knowledge about usage of electric cars among people, then it will be easy for people to
use and make it better in context of society and getting proper benefits.
Electric cars are less costly and maintenance cost is also low. There are some buying
incentives as well such as plug- in car grant, subsidiary on buying new car, etc. Electric cars are
tax free and consumer get subsidiary over purchase of it (Masiero and et. al., 2016). So this gives
monetary benefits as well. There is no air and noise pollution with use of electric cars, so this car
does not get faced by legal regulation under government norms. With use of electric cars, not
only people but also society gets benefits over it. There is requirement of change in living habits
because of getting positive outcome over it.
Barriers faced with use of electric cars in London
There are proper use of electric cars as people are ready and prefers to use it but there are
some challenges as well which might arise. With change in market, there are possibilities that
demand of consumers also changes,. With frequent change in demand of consumers, people also
want proper services and better out from it. There are some issues which people face in using and
availing services of electric cars such as less charging points, time required for charging, etc. As
per view of Tim Schwanen, 2019 Only 1% sales of new vehicle is due to electric cars because
people are facing problem in availing services from it. Apart from this, there are some other
issues as well faced by people in London which are discussed as under-
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Less number of options- When individual invests in car segment, they want best outcome
from it. But actually in electric segment, there is less option and people wan better outcome of
their money invested. This is the major issue which people face and they does not get proper
benefit over it.
High time required in charging- There is requirement of proper time for charging
electric vehicle which is main hurdle. If consumer wants to go for long distance journey, then
they does not prefer to use electric cars because of unavailability of charging points. At charging
point, there is rush which leads to traffic jams and affects routine work of life (Michaels and
Parag, 2016).
Not preferable for long distance travelling- In current market people have mindset that
battery operated cars can not used for long distance because it might get discharged and not
reliable and if charging pumps are full, then they can not reach their destination on time. Hence
for journey people prefers to use fuel operated cars.
Ways through which barriers associated with use of electric car can be reduced
In order to deal with issues which is faced by people in using electric cars, then it will be
easy for people to accept it and they rely on them. According to Stuart Nathan, 2019 there is
requirement of proper government interference which makes ease in charging electric cars. With
regular charging points, it will not possibilities of traffic aims on roads There must be proper
charging points through which they can evaluate the best way to conduct activities.
Organisations such as TESLA, BMW, etc. have to plan to improve variety of cars in
electric segment, so consumers are satisfied and they are ready to invest in electric cars. As
people want best structure car as per their demand, so they are ready to invest over it.
There must be improvement in infrastructure of charging pumps, then it will be easy for
consumers to use electric cars and get proper benefits of it. When infrastructure gets changed,
then it is easy for people to understand and evaluate the policies in effective and appropriate
manner (Morganti and Browne, 2018).
Manufacturing auto- mobile organisations have to improve battery life and provide some
batter back up, so people can use it in case of emergency. This creates satisfaction among people
and changes the perception of London people as well.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to understand techniques used in this study, research onion will be used (Quak,
Nesterova and van Rooijen, 2016). There is requirement of complete and appropriate information
with the help of which researcher can justify methods which are used.
In this study, information will be collected from primary and secondary sources because
this makes study reliable and authentic (Masiero and et. al., 2016). Primary information will be
collected through questionnaire, while secondary information is used from internet sources as it
is easily available. Primary information is collected from people who are using electric cars. 50
respondents are selected through simple random probable sampling. While secondary
information is collected through online sources which are authentic and properly dated.
Interpretivim philosophy is used because this specific way for conducting study with getting
better opportunities to explore information. Deductive approach is used because it covers all the
aspects associated with topic but initially it focus on core topic, then covers other associated
information . Descriptive research design will be used because this assist in covering all the
information which assist in determining changes properly. In this research design, it is easy for
reader to understand changes and they can easily communicate about research outcome to
audience. Qualitative research method will be used because charts and graphs are used for
interpreting information. This does not use information under mathematical and technical
aspects. Qualitative method gives more relevant information because this is based on impact of
human behaviour over electric cars.
Ethical aspects are also considered in this study as confidentiality and free consent so this
study can be used in future as secondary source of information. Identity of respondents does not
disclosed, so information does not give any biasness. While primary information is collected
from respondents who are free to share their consent. As consent is free so there is no
possibilities of partiality and sources of information is also authentic (Quak, Nesterova and van
Rooijen, 2016). Resources required for completing this study is membership card, newspapers,
internet connection, journals, etc. through which information can be collected about electric cars.
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DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the process under which information collected is synchronise in
appropriate manner (O'Neill and et. al., 2019). This makes investigation relevant because
thematic analysis is used. Under this method, there is discussion about different themes which
shows overview of question which is asked. Questionnaire is used to collect primary information
from 50 people who are using electric cars.
Questionnaire
Name:
Gender
Occupation:
Q1. Are you satisfied with your electric car? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Q2. Do you feel that there is requirement of improvement in
techniques of electric cars?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 15
c)Can't say 5
Q3. What are the positive aspects which can be achieved with
use of electric cars?
Frequency
a) Less pollution due to transportation 20
b) Low maintenance cost 14
c) Health benefits 6
Q4. Does society also benefits with use of electric cars? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
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Q5. What are the major issues which might arise due to use of
electric cars?
Frequency
a) Charging problem 25
b) Low better back up 15
c) high cost 10
Q6. Recommend some ways through which negative impact of
electric cars can be reduced.
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Data interpretation
Theme 1: Satisfaction with electric cars
Q1. Are you satisfied with your electric car? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
Interpretation- From the above information, it is observed that out of 50 respondents, 40
individuals are satisfied with services of their electric cars. This makes them regular use it and
keep environment prospects in mind. While 10 individuals says they are not satisfied with
electric cars because of various reasons such as low batter back up, etc. Hence it is clear that as
majority of people are satisfied, so they are using it and this is beneficial for society development
as well.
Theme 2: Requirement of improvements in techniques of electric cars
Q2. Do you feel that there is requirement of improvement in
techniques of electric cars?
Frequency
10
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Frequency

a) Yes 30
b) No 15
c)Can't say 5
Interpretation- With use of electric cars, people have different perceptions, so in this
case electric cars also requires some improvements. As per view of 30 individuals, there is
requirement of improvement, 15 candidates says no there is no requirement and remaining 5
candidates have view can not judge about it. Hence it is clear that there is requirement of some
improvements, so perception of people gets changes.
Theme 3: Positive aspects of using electric cars
Q3. What are the positive aspects which can be achieved with
use of electric cars?
Frequency
a) Less pollution due to transportation 20
b) Low maintenance cost 14
c) Health benefits 6
11
a) Yes b) No c)Can't say
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
30
15
5
Frequency

Interpretation- With use of electric cars in society, there will benefits to society as well.
20 people says less pollution is caused, 14 individuals says low maintenance cost forces them to
use it and remaining 6 candidates says there will health benefits to people residing in society.
Hence it is interpreted that electric cars are beneficial in context of society as well in terms of
health, pollution and cost savy approach, so people are ready to use and purchase it.
Theme 4: Benefits to society
Q4. Does society also benefits with use of electric cars? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
12
a) Less pollution due to transportation
b) Low maintenance cost
c) Health benefits
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
14
6
Frequency

Interpretation- Electric cars does not creates air and noise pollution, so according to 40
candidates electric cars provides benefits to society as well. But as per 10 respondents, there will
no benefits to society because it cause traffic jams die to lack of charging points. So it is
interpreted that society is also getting benefits with use of these types of cars as compared to fuel
cars.
Theme 5: Major issues which might arise due to use of electric cars
Q5. What are the major issues which might arise due to use of
electric cars?
Frequency
a) Charging problem 25
b) Low better back up 15
c) high cost 10
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a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Frequency

Interpretation- With use of electric cars, there are some problems as well due to which
people does not want to purchase this type of car. 25 candidates says there is no proper
infrastructure for charging pumps, 15 individuals says battery discharge is the major issue and
remaining 10 candidates says price and costing of these cars is high. Hence it is interpreted that
people face problems as well due to electric car and this creates mindset among consumers and
they want to overcome with problems associated with electric cars.
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a) Charging problem b) Low better back up c) high cost
0
5
10
15
20
25
25
15
10 Frequency

CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND REFLECTION
Conclusion
From the above conducted research, it is clear that there are positive as well as negative
outcome with use of electric cars. With use of electric cars, society will get positive outcome
because of change in working style but there is change in working style of local people as well.
There are several others aspects as well considering the positive impacts of electric cars such as
reduction in pollution and reduction in the noise of vehicles which is a positive impact that the
society could have by making use of electric vehicles. There is a change in the use and
preferences of customers related to the cars and also there will be negative impact on the
electricity. In other words, it can also be said that the burden on electricity will increase as the
increment in the demand of electric cars will led to high use of electricity. Along with this, the
negative impact is also related to charging pumps of electric cars and many more. So overall, I
can be said that the decision about the use of electric cars should be taken considering both the
barriers and incentives.
Recommendations
There are many benefits of electric cars to individuals and society as well but there are
some recommendations as well which are discussed as under-
There must be proper charging points through, so there will not rush of cars and traffic
does not stuck. There is requirement of improvement in infrastructure, so people can park and
charge their cars.
There must be improvement in battery back so people prefers it for long distance as well.
With proper battery perception of people regrading use of electric vehicles. This is effective for
improving use of electric cars.
There must be more variety in electric cars and cost have to be reduced. When people
have more options to invest in electric cars, then they are ready to purchase it and this benefits to
society as well.
Reflection
The following is the reflection of my own experiences which I came across at the time of
completing this research. So while completing this research I was feeling very happy as I was
provided with the chance to complete my research on this topic as I have learnt a little bit about
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this topic and I found it to be very interesting. At the time of completing this research, I was able
to determine the positive and negative impacts of use of electric cars and the ways as well with
the help of which better outcome could be received from the use of electric cars. In addition to
this, I also come to know about the different tools and techniques which are used and are
important for conducting the research in an effective manner. This research has made me able to
formulate suitable strategies for managing and leading the team. However, there also arise some
issues in conducting the research such as related to team management, personal conflicts and
some more but it all was a nice experiences and provided me with the importance of team
coordination while working in a team and for getting effective results from the conduction of
research.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bergman, N., Schwanen, T. and Sovacool, B. K., 2017. Imagined people, behaviour and future
mobility: Insights from visions of electric vehicles and car clubs in the United
Kingdom. Transport Policy. 59. pp.165-173.
Biresselioglu, M. E., Kaplan, M. D. and Yilmaz, B. K., 2018. Electric mobility in Europe: A
comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making
processes. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 109. pp.1-13.
Cherubini, S., Iasevoli, G. and Michelini, L., 2015. Product-service systems in the electric car
industry: critical success factors in marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 97.
pp.40-49.
Knezović, K. and et. al., 2017. Supporting involvement of electric vehicles in distribution grids:
Lowering the barriers for a proactive integration. Energy, 134, pp.458-468.
Masiero, G. and et. al., 2016. Electric vehicles in China: BYD strategies and government
subsidies. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 13(1), pp.3-11.
Masiero, G. and et. al., 2016. Electric vehicles in China: BYD strategies and government
subsidies. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação. 13(1). pp.3-11.
Michaels, L. and Parag, Y., 2016. Motivations and barriers to integrating ‘prosuming’services
into the future decentralized electricity grid: Findings from Israel. Energy Research &
Social Science, 21, pp.70-83.
Morganti, E. and Browne, M., 2018. Technical and operational obstacles to the adoption of
electric vans in France and the UK: An operator perspective. Transport Policy, 63,
pp.90-97.
O'Neill, E. and et. al., 2019. Barriers to electric vehicle uptake in Ireland: Perspectives of car-
dealers and policy-makers. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 7(1), pp.118-127.
Quak, H., Nesterova, N. and van Rooijen, T., 2016. Possibilities and barriers for using electric-
powered vehicles in city logistics practice. Transportation Research Procedia. 12.
pp.157-169.
Online
SCULLION, M., 2019. Electric cars: pros and cons. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.buyacar.co.uk/cars/economical-cars/electric-cars/651/electric-
cars-pros-and-cons>.
Schwanen, T., 2019. The five major challenges facing electric vehicles. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49578790>.
Nathan, S., 2019. Barriers to electric car uptake. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.theengineer.co.uk/barriers-to-electric-car-uptake/>.
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