Obesity in London: Social Determinants, Policies, and Public Health

This report examines the critical public health issue of obesity in London, United Kingdom, highlighting its increasing prevalence and impact on the population. It includes a demographic profile, detailing the affected populations by ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status, as well as the associated mortality rates and unemployment. The report discusses health inequalities and the social determinants of health, such as economic stability and education, that contribute to the problem. It also analyzes relevant national and local policies aimed at reducing obesity, including advertising restrictions and public health campaigns like the 'Better Health' initiative by the NHS. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of public health provisions and individual actions, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, in combating obesity and its related health risks. Desklib provides access to a wealth of study resources, including past papers and solved assignments, to support students in their academic endeavors.

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Abstract
The report will illustrate the brief about the selected disease issue obesity at the particular
place London, United Kingdom. This disease in spreading over the entire world in rapid
manner where the London borough have increase amount of rate level in regard to this
disease. The report will illustrate the brief about this disease and also provides this policies
relating to it to create a better understanding to the individual people.

Content
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................5
Demographic Profile...........................................................................................................................5
Health Issue..........................................................................................................................................5
Health Inequalities...............................................................................................................................5
Social Determinants of health.............................................................................................................6
Policy issues relating............................................................................................................................6
National or Local Policy......................................................................................................................6
Describing the policies.........................................................................................................................6
Public Health Provisions in borough..................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCE......................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The healthcare industry is quite big and beneficial for the people to get the best
treatment for their diseases. The healthcare industry is significant where it is important to
understand the relationship between the health and social determinants. It is the conditions
where people are born, grow, live, work and age to live a life in order to wellbeing and
wellness. The current report will illustrate the particular disease issue of obesity in London,
United Kingdom where people are getting suffered in widely manner and affecting their
social determinants of health in definite order (Cornelsen and Smith, 2018). This report will
also include the demographic profile, health inequality description, policy issue and
mentioned the public health provisions in appropriate manner.
Demographic Profile
Population: Today, the place London is approximately 9,541,000 where it is increasing day
by day. However, according to the report, the borough has been selected as London, United
Kingdom where 56% of adults are getting targeted in order to suffer from obesity. This is the
major issue to be concerned with and should have to take a right decision and prevalence as
per the situation.
Ethnicity: In the year, 2020 it has been identified that 67.5% of black adults are overweight
or having obesity and 63.7% white British adults are likely to be targeted of obesity disease.
Gender/Sex: However, 29% of women and 27%of men are likely founded to be overnighted
and having obesity.
Mortality: Every year, approximately 30,000 people are getting equivalent to death due to
obesity in London.
Unemployment: 4.9% of people are unemployed.
Poverty: According to the research, 28% of people live in poverty in London.
Health Issue
The obesity is a crucial and complex disease in which excessive amount of body fat
gathered in the human body which invites other different diseases to get affected from and
sometimes it leads an individual person to death. It is caused by too much eating and not
working as hard as the person ate food from which the food remains inside the body and
converts it into a huge amount or quantity of fat which provides the obesity. Accordingly, in
London approximately 30,000 people leads to death due to obesity and many of the people
get affected by various different diseases as well. This health issue is very risky for an
individual where it is important of understand and adopt some prevalence in regard to
overcome this issue in wider population (Clark, Birkin, Lomax and Morris, 2020).
Health Inequalities
In general, the health inequalities is the concept where differences in health status and
distribution of health areas between different social determinants. There are different types of
social determinants where it is affected due to different diseases, where an individual person

living in London, UK have suffer from obesity in wider population where it affects the health
of the human being widely.
Social Determinants of health
The social determinants of health explain the economic conditions that affect the
health of the pope and community. There are different types of social factor which has
impacted by the healthcare disease and provide the definite outcome. The five factor are:
economic stability, education, health and healthcare, build environment and social
community.
Policy issues relating
The obesity is the major issue and disease in the London where people are getting
affected in wider manner. In 2020, the UK government started the health campaign to target
overweight and obesity where the government has announced and implemented the different
policies to reduce and overcome the obesity from a particular place (Farmer, Mathur,
Schmidt, and et.al., 2019).
National or Local Policy
However, the government of UK also provided the suggestion to an individual people
to implement such methods and strategies to stay secured from the obesity and overweighed
disease. In the recent pandemic, the government of UK has implemented the law and policy
where unhealthy food advertisement are banned which are high in sugar, fat and salt on
television and also at online platform before 9pm as mostly children are likely to see them.
However, the government has only intention to protect the children and adults from getting
affected by the obesity and can reduce or overcome this major issue in definite manner. In
addition, the NHS government has started a campaign named as Better health campaign
where they encourage the individual people to make their life healthier and fit by losing their
overweight and stay active (Zhu, Gu, Shi, Liu, and et.al., 2020). This campaign was started
in 2021 to motivate and support the people to take action to enhance their health in definite
manner.
Describing the policies
The Better health campaign was launched by the UK government in 2020 where they
have a vision and mission to encourage the individual person to stay focus on their health and
do some implementation to reduce their obesity and unhealthy eating which causes those
diseases like obesity. The WHO also putting their efforts to help people in understanding the
issues and diseases related to their overeating which causes them obesity. This disease mostly
found in children as they like to eat junk or fast food in increasing manner where it leads
them to be targeted by obesity and causes them different types of disease like heart stroke due
to high calories in junk food (Holton, Graham, and Mavrommatis, 2019). The government
recommend that each and individual person should do regular exercise which helps them to
stay active, also quit unhealthy activities like smoking and drinking and needs to start a new
fresh mind set and concerned about their health. The NHS has also created an application for
the public where they can easily create a weight loss plan which helps them to lose weight. In
the research, it has been identified that obesity prevalence is associated with sex, racial,
ethnicity and socioeconomic status which develop the complex issues. According to the view
of (), these policies help and supported the public in effective manner as it encourage them to

understand the effectiveness of doing exercise and other activities which will kept their
bodies in healthy lifestyle and encourage them to create an awareness among people as well.
Public Health Provisions in borough
The increasing number of obesity in worldwide putting a great impact on the global
situation of a COPD, diabetics, cancer, disability and even a sleep apnea. These all diseases
are caused by the obesity in maximum manner where it is affecting the public health in
definite order. It becomes important for an individual person to stay aware about their health
and wellness where overeating and overweight people can be able to get target of different
crucial rate of disease. The local and national government also has putted a great efforts and
hard work to create an awareness among society and public to understand the seriousness of
this disease and encouraged themselves to stay fit and healthy by implementing some actions
like regular exercise and working which will not collect the fat and unhealthy substance into
the human body and make them release (Robinson, Gillespi and Jones, 2020). Physical
activeness is most significant factor and action to be considered and reduce the levels of
obesity. The public is required to do regular exercise and should avoid in taking of fat and
junk food items in maximum quantity and can eat healthy food items like vitamins and
minerals. Public health provision follows the guidance where the public and society can be
able to get healthy and fit in definite manner (Moussa, Zakeri, Arhi, and et.al., 2021).
However, the government has implemented the different types of provision for the betterment
of the public in regards to reduce the obesity disease in the particular place and can lower
down the rates effectively. The health and education social determinant has to be focused on
so that people can be able to understand the social conditions of the people in regard to
obesity and overweightness. Children are mostly get affected by this disease where the people
are likely to be consider the definite form of action like exercise on regular basis.
CONCLUSION
The report has concluded the importance of healthcare industry where it has
mentioned a particular disease issue in a particular place where it is important to understand it
in better manner. It has included the demographic profile, health issue and even illustration of
health inequalities. Also, it has explained the social determinants of health and mentioned a
policy issues relating to the selected disease and also provided a public health provision in
definite manner.

REFERENCE
Clark, S., Birkin, M., Lomax, N. and Morris, M., 2020. Developing a whole systems obesity
classification for the UK Biobank Cohort.
Cornelsen, L. and Smith, R., 2018. Impact on the UK prevalence of obesity of a 20% price
increase on high-sugar snacks: A modelling study.
Farmer, R.E., Mathur, R., Schmidt, and et.al., 2019. Associations between measures of
sarcopenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cohort study
and Mendelian randomization analysis using the UK Biobank. Journal of the
American Heart Association, 8(13), p.e011638.
Holton, J., Graham, C. and Mavrommatis, Y., 2019. Physical Activity Attenuates Increased
Obesity Risk Associated with the High-Risk Genotype of the FTO Gene in a UK
Adult Population. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(OCE2).
Moussa, O., Zakeri, R., Arhi, and et.al., 2021. Impact of COVID-19 on obesity management
services in the United Kingdom (The COMS-UK study). Obesity surgery, 31(2),
pp.904-908.
Robinson, E., Gillespie, S. and Jones, A., 2020. Weight‐related lifestyle behaviours and the
COVID‐19 crisis: An online survey study of UK adults during social
lockdown. Obesity science & practice, 6(6), pp.735-740.
Zhu, Z., Guo, Y., Shi, H., Liu, C.L., and et.al., 2020. Shared genetic and experimental links
between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in UK Biobank. Journal of Allergy
and Clinical Immunology, 145(2), pp.537-549.