Individual Case Study: Project Management of London 2012 Olympics

This case study provides an in-depth analysis of the project management of the London 2012 Olympic Games. It begins with an overview of the project, including the stakeholders involved, strategic alignment, and decision-making processes related to quality, cost, and delivery. The study then delves into the challenges faced during the project, such as delays and cost overruns, and how these were managed. The role of innovation and collaboration in the successful delivery of the project is also examined, highlighting the importance of these factors in achieving the project's objectives. The case study also discusses biases in decision-making and how they impacted the project's budget and outcomes. The analysis covers various aspects, including financial management, project control, and the impact of the Games on the UK's economy and public sector. Finally, the study concludes with a discussion of the project's legacy and its implications for future Olympic Games and large-scale projects. The assignment solution is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of large-scale project management, particularly in the context of major sporting events. This document is contributed by a student to be published on Desklib, a platform which provides all the necessary AI based study tools for students.

Individual Case Study

INTRODUCTION
Project management is the application of procedures, methods, abilities, knowledge and
experience to accomplish particular project objectives and goals as per to the project acceptance
criterion within decided limitations. Project management has final deliverables that are
constrained to a finite timescale and budget (Levy, 2018). Also, it is an activity of leading and
directing the work of a team to accomplish aims and attain the success criteria at a specified
time. The main issue of project management is to accomplish all of the project aims within the
given constraints. This review document will discuss about the management of construction of
the sporting venues required for the Olympic Games to be held in London 2012. This assessment
will explain about project and programme description, strategic alignment and decision making
as well as the challenges faced over the course of the project and how they were managed.
Further, it will define about role of innovation and collaboration in successful management of
project case study.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
1. Project description (including stakeholders involved), strategic alignment (programme, benefit
management, governance/environment) and decision-making (e.g. quality, cost & delivery)
The first Olympic Game was held in Athens in 1896 and the famous 5 rings were first
utilised at the Antwerp games in 1920. The last gold medals made entirely from gold were given
out in 1912. On 6 July 2005 the International Olympic Committee announced to the world that
London would host the 2012 Olympic Games. There was an enormous cheer in Trafalgar Square
that could be heard for miles around. The decision although hoped for by the London team was
not desired (Kerzner, 2018). The London bid had been submitted to the IOC, but as an outside
with Paris a favourite to win the biggest sporting event to be held anywhere in the world. The
London 2012 Summer Olympic Games involved 10568 elite athletes competing for 204 separate
National Olympic Committees (NOC’s). It was of similar size to that of previous Summer
Games12 but over two times the scale of both the 2002 Manchester Commonwealth Games
(3679 partici-pants) or 1948 Summer Olympics (4104 partici-pants) previously held in London.
To manipulate the varied healthcare desires of those worried, a poly-health centre become built
at the athletes ‘village site in Stratford, East London. The London Olympic Games Organising
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Committee (LOCOG) aimed to provide a committed on-web site scientific facility to be staffed
by volunteer specialists throughout more than one sports-associated specialty similar to that of
previous Games. Their intention turned into to manage the general public of Games-related
healthcare troubles internally in an attempt to offer a most excellent stage of care and avoid
stress on neighbourhood hospitals and different fitness-care issuer.
Stakeholders also play an effective support in Olympics. Basically stakeholder refers to a
party that has an interest in an establishment and can either influence or be affected by the
business. The key stakeholders in a typical corporation are its investors, employees, consumers
and suppliers; however, with the maximising attention on corporate social responsibility, the
concept has been intended to consider communities, governments and trade associations
(Brewer, and Dittman, 2018). In Olympic Games, the common stakeholders are venue operators,
sponsors, government, sport federations, organising committees and service providers etc. There
are several kings which engage stakeholders to delivering an economic and social legacy. Major
occasions can bring transformative change to a city but the issues around hosting them are
various and complex. Their efficient delivery needs the appropriate resources and infrastructure,
as well as the engagement of a multiplicity of agencies, all of which have different aims.
The refurbishment of the Royal Commonwealth Pool had experienced delays majorly due
to complications arising when asbestos was found in the building. However, it was completed in
February 2012. Planned changes have been made to the construction timescales for most other
venues. The completion dates for national Stadium Hampden Park and Strathclyde Country Park
have been brought forward slightly. Seven other venues are now scheduled to be completed later
than originally planned. However, there has been no delay to the planned dates for handing over
these venues to the Organising Committee for completion of temporary works and testing. The
seven venues which are now planned to be completed later are:
 Commonwealth Sports Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome construction works were
rescheduled initially to explore the possibility of Sportscotland relocating its headquarters to
CSA and SCHV (Kerzner, 2019). The completion date for these was subsequently
rescheduled cause of additional specialist work needed.
 Scottish Hydro Arena construction work was initially modified to permit further
discussion on design prior to procurement. The key contractor w appointed later than
planned following an extended procurement process and revised timescales were agreed
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at this time. The completion date was subsequently rescheduled to permit enough time to
carry out additional construction of walls.
London 2012 turned into an exceptional fulfilment story, and it belongs to each person: from
our inspirational torchbearers and indefatigable volunteers, to the floor-breaking British
companies who introduced the Olympic Park and the file-breaking British athletes who delivered
on our medal goals. It is also a shining instance of what this can attain while paintings together.
For government, it has proven the high-quality energy of uniting behind a unmarried vision
(Meredith and et. al., 2020). For the workforce running at the Games in the Department for
Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and across government, London 2012 has been about an
awful lot extra than a unmarried summer time of recreation and party; it's been the culmination
of a decade of tough work and willpower. It has additionally illustrated the exceptional of the
present day civil carrier; one defined by means of management, flexibility, a clean and defined
purpose and commitment to striving for and accomplishing achievement. The talents we evolved
and honed from operating on the Games is already feeding into present day initiatives and plans
at the department as we come to be a leaner, extra green company. While the DCMS has been in
closing charge of London 2012 considering that we prepared our bid, around 20 government
departments have had direct duty for turning in the Games and their legacy of lasting blessings
national.
London 2012 has supplied a unique showcase for public sector fulfilment and public service
values, including:
 Financial management that intended we may want to announce earlier than the Olympics
that we had been heading in the right direction to deliver the Games project almost half of-a-
billion kilos under finances.
 Venture control that allowed us to deliver every component of this UK’s biggest peacetime
logistical exercising easily and efficiently – from transport and policing to safety, borders
and dignitary management.
 The authorities’ largest ever worldwide campaign to sell the UK overseas and help cosy a
£13bn monetary boost from the Games.
There is some evidence that biases in decision making were an important factor in development
in the costs of London 2012 above initial predictions (Tonchia, Tonchia and Mahagaonkar,
2018). In hindsight the over optimism of the initial forecasts is self evident, inasmuch as the
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estimated headlines cost alone maximisedalmost 300% from the candidature file submitted to the
IOC in 2004 to the government’s revised budget in 2007. More significantly, inspection of the
feasibility studies in to the development of a London bid reveals that these were geared around a
review of the documents of successful bids of the past and understood the demand for “escaping
from the world of realism”. It is also arguable that other decision making biases were at work in
formulation of the initial versions of the budget (Müller, Drouin and Sankaran, 2019).
Specifically, there is some evidence of the anchoring of cost estimates with reference to
information from Olympic Games or previous budget estimates, without reflection upon the
underlying uncertainties attached to them or the degree to which estimates of Games costs were
comparable crosswise diverse contexts. As a end result, some of the information used to
construct and examine the finances estimates for London 2012 become used as a factor of
reference for upward or downward adjustments of nominal values, in place of acting scrutiny of
the fundamentals of the planning assumptions, such as the technical specification of venues or
the specific roster of items to be blanketed inside the final finances. Because of this, the initial
budgeting sporting events did now not explore the potential for inclusion of gadgets associated
with additional fees outside the pre-described set of budget categories.
escaping from the world of realism” (Luckes 1998, p. 2). It is also arguable that other
decision-making biases were at work in formulation of the initial versions of the budget.
Specifically, there is some evidence of the anchoring of cost estimates with reference to
information from past Olympic Games or previous budget estimates, without reflection
upon the underlying uncertainties attached to them or the degree to which estimates of
Games costs were comparable across different contexts. The exploration of costs for a
‘specimen bid’ (Arup 2002) was, for example, considered to be “a good baseline” (Select
Committee on Culture, Media and Sport 2003, p. 16) for the projection of future costs,
even though these estimates had been compiled in the absence of information about
“…agreed project objectives and outputs” (Arup 2002a, p. 4). Further, both the specimen
bid (Arup 2002a; 2002b) and the benchmarking exercise undertaken for government
(PricewaterhouseCoopers 2003) included figures that were taken from the budgets of
other major sporting events (i.e. the Olympic Games held in Atlanta in 1996 and in
Sydney in 2000 and the Commonwealth Games in Manchester in 2002), without critical
examination of the degree to which the cases were comparable. These were problematic
cases for comparison because of their operational and construction characteristics. For
example, the Atlanta Olympics involved a lower ratio of investment in the facilities and
infrastructure than was planned for London, while Manchester’s Commonwealth Games
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There was several kind of issues faced during Olympic 2012 in which some were related
to environment and atmosphere etc. The Olympic Delivery Authority is focused is focused on he
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management of waste, energy, ecology, procurement, topography and sustainable development.
In this vein, a target has been set to recycle 90% of the waste found and created. A wind turbine
is being created to generate energy and minimize carbon emissions. The ODA is accountable for
keeping local communities updated on the success of the project. This considers making sure
disruption is maintained to minimum and informing residents when noise and disturbance might
be unavoidable (San Cristóbal and et. al., 2018). In light of the terrorism activities these days,
safety underpins the entirety to do with the Games, with finances for security set at £600m.
Indeed, rapidly after the IOC introduced London because the winner to host the 2012 Games,
terrorists attacked London on 7 July 2005. ‘World professionals’ are being consulted to ensure
the Games arise without an incident - even though UK safety professionals were consulted in
each of the final four Games and are therefore enormously respected.
2. Role of innovation and collaboration in successful delivery of project/programme case study
Innovation is a time period used frequently in the sports activities enterprise, in board
rooms, strategic plans, and enterprise KPIs. The shortage of literature on the topic method a right
framing of the lexicon around innovation is paramount to make it a subject and a technique in the
sports activities enterprise (Porter, 2019). Innovation is the implementation of a brand new or
notably progressed product (product or service), or method, a brand new advertising approach, or
a brand new organizational approach in enterprise practices, workplace organization or outside
family members. As the subject of innovation matures in the coming years within the sports
activities enterprise, we had been excited to spend time with the Paris 2024 Organizing
Committee of the Olympic & Paralympic Games to talk about their innovation approach.
For example, Intel is committed to making Tokyo 2020 the maximum progressive Olympic
Games in records via 5G technology and infrastructure systems which are paving the way to
broaden gigabit connectivity, new mobility solutions, greater immersive viewership reviews,
present day clever metropolis packages and superior broadcasting services. This includes
operating with Cisco – the neighborhood companion for networking device – to supply a
connected and comfy Games revel in. Intel’s innovation technologies – such as the Xeon
Processor, SOC and SSD – are the muse of Cisco’s relaxed, reliable and bendy community,
helping the Olympic Games operations in executing project-vital networks on the largest tiers in
the international, connecting 42 opposition venues which include the Olympic Stadium and non-
opposition venues inclusive of the Athletes’ Village, Tokyo 2020 headquarters, broadcasting set-
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ups, motels and plenty of extra. During the Games, Intel will join lovers and athletes like never
earlier than by enabling new Olympic reviews with technology along with 3D Athlete Tracking
(3DAT) – a first-of-its-kind computer imaginative and prescient answer that makes use of
synthetic intelligence to decorate the viewing experience for Olympic lovers with near real-time
insights and overlay visualisations all through occasions (Giao, 2020). Developed with the aid of
Intel and hosted on Intel-based totally information centres in Alibaba’s Cloud infrastructure,
3DAT, in partnership with Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), uses 4 pan-tilt set up, pretty
mobile cameras to capture the shape and motion of athletes, before making use of pose
estimation algorithms, optimised for Intel Xeon processors, to examine the biomechanics of
athletes’ moves. The device transforms that facts into broadcast overlay visualisations so as to be
available at some point of replays of the a hundred metres and different dash occasions.
Apart from this, there are some technical collaboration are taking place in Olympic games
like an innovative ground which can be change in different kind of sport court and there can be
played different kind of games. Also, an innovation is also occurred in ground place like during
rainy season or during raining, these ground has roof which covered the whole ground.
Additionally, different kind of innovative technology also used by the authority regarding the
drugs tests of players with the help of innovative test devices, the organisation authority can
easily can found out information about the drugs and energy stuff that has been used by players
within less time (Munro and Ika, 2020). For example, during Olympic Games of 2020 in Tokyo,
the Olympic Stadium additionally honours the records of Japan through its structural functions,
harking back to the 1,300-12 months-antique Gojunoto pagoda at Horyuji Temple in Ikaruga. To
obtain this, 70,000 cubic toes of larch and cedar timber had been leveraged within the
problematic metal-lumber roof and sourced from almost all of Japan’s forty seven prefectures.
From its nature-stimulated structure to the superior technologies at play in its creation, the
reimagined Olympic Stadium is designed to face the check of time and leave a legacy of
fortitude, environmentalism, background and innovation.
This organization may be watching the Games from the consolation of their homes, and as a
result may be counting on Japan’s modern broadcasting generation for their Olympic experience.
Once once more, drones will be tasked with supplying that service. Footage captured by means
of drones with a 360-diploma capability in 8K real-time video and transmitted over 5G cell
networks is an example of what will be applied to many live sporting occasions in 2020. NTT
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DoCoMo Inc. Announced that it has developed the arena’s first drone-based totally, 5G-enabled
live streaming and viewing gadget capable of displaying stay activities in 360-diploma 8K digital
reality (VR) video (Niederman, Müller and March, 2018). A head-mounted viewing device
creates fantastically realistic VR stories and “allows visitors to experience as though they are
absolutely at the venue,” the organisation stated. Equally, countrywide broadcaster NHK has
drawn up a research and improvement plan for the subsequent two years that consists of
technology for destiny media that employ spatial imaging. These declares pass beyond the 2-
dimensional display screen of the conventional tv to offer a sensible 3-D viewing area. The
corporation is likewise running on 3-dimensional sound and holography, in addition to a new
generation of coding, multiplexing, and transmission generation.
The Olympic Games can hardly be credited with the discovery of cloud technology — the
modifications in cloud computing have been gradually coming into our lives for the past few
years—however in an increasingly more tech-enabled and safety-sensitive global, cloud
technology is a sport-changer. An event just like the Rio Olympics — large, complex, and
brief — calls for a whole lot of digitally enabled logistics. Things like tightly monitored
venues with safety and safety demands a ways past those of a fashionable event and up-to-
the-moment special occasion outcomes are crucial for properly-functioning video games. To
ensure that they had effective management of the whole thing from accreditation and
volunteer guide to actual-time outcomes and 24hr aerial perspectives of venues and town-
sized areas, Rio’s organizers relied on the cloud (Hermano and Martín-Cruz, 2019). For the
last summer time games in London in 2012, the organizers used 710 servers. In Rio, they
used just 250. So even though cloud generation has been step by step gaining use over the
last couple of years, Rio’s Olympics mark a turning factor in strain trying out and
implementation. With an IT finances of $1.5 billion, the use of the cloud on this scale is
something few company agencies ought to even fathom checking out, not to mention
manage to pay for to do — and actually no longer with as many disparate programs as Rio
had. And there will be a few far-attaining possibilities for the ones varied cloud programs.
For example, the security machine—which featured a host of dynamic, first-ever use
technologies—can have many potential uses outdoor of a massive international wearing
event. Before the games, Bowater cited that the Rio games had been the primary civilian
utility for lots aspects of the device, but that they might be “utilized in border and port
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protection, catastrophe alleviation efforts, and even protective flora and fauna at
countrywide parks from poachers.” And counting on cloud generation is likewise a greener
answer (Toljaga-Nikolić and et. al., 2020). From supporting keep protection and protection
protocols strolling easily, to greater reliable NFC tech, to an expanded enablement of IOT
devices, the large use of the cloud at the Rio Games will shift the point of interest even more
to cloud use for personal groups and corporation groups trying to discover solutions for his
or her big data and useful resource desires.
CONCLUSION
This paper has described the ongoing control of the construction of the carrying venues
wanted for the Olympic Games, to be held in London 2012. The authorities’ notoriety with
mega-tasks is managed this time with delegation to international experts - without micro control
from authority’s ministers. In addition to the same old venture dreams of time, value and
excellent, those Games increase excellent to supply now not only a global-elegance Games,
however additionally to depart a legacy of a recreation way of life with sustainable jobs and
compelled regeneration in the host boroughs of London. Along with this document will consist
data about the issues that occurred droning Olympic and how they managed. Moreover, the role
of innovation and collaboration is defined in Olympic Games in effective manner.
REFERENCES
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management. John Wiley & Sons.
Meredith, J.R. and et. al., 2020. Project management in practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Tonchia, S., Tonchia and Mahagaonkar, 2018. Industrial project management. Springer.
Müller, R., Drouin, N. and Sankaran, S., 2019. Modeling organizational project
management. Project Management Journal, 50(4), pp.499-513.
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San Cristóbal, J.R. and et. al., 2018. Complexity and project management: A general
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