The Success of Low-Cost Long-Haul Carriers: Research Methodology

This report chapter focuses on the research methodology employed to investigate the success of low-cost long-haul carriers, particularly their application in the Middle East. It outlines the research process, including project lifecycle phases (planning, execution, initiation, and closure), and the research approach, which is inductive, enabling the derivation of new theories from collected data. The report discusses research philosophy (interpretivism), research choices (qualitative research), and the data collection techniques used, such as questionnaires and secondary sources like books and journals. The chapter also highlights the importance of data analysis, emphasizing how the collected data is processed to provide meaningful insights. Ethical considerations and the research time horizon are also addressed, providing a comprehensive overview of the research design.

The successfulness of low-cost
long-haul carriers and how to
apply it in the Middle East

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 3: Research Methodology.............................................................................................1
3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1
3.2 Overview..........................................................................................................................1
3.3 Project life cycle...............................................................................................................1
3.4 Research Process..............................................................................................................2
3.5 Research Philosophy........................................................................................................2
3.6 Research approach............................................................................................................3
3.7 Research time horizon......................................................................................................3
3.8 Research choice................................................................................................................4
3.9 Data Collection and techniques........................................................................................4
3.10 Data analysis...................................................................................................................5
3.11 Quantitative methods......................................................................................................5
3.12 Qualitative Methodology................................................................................................5
3.13 Ethical considerations.....................................................................................................6
3.14 Conclusion......................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

CHAPTER 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is an important part that enables to present the research in
effective manner. There are different type of techniques and tools that are helpful enough to
present the information for the research. More specifically, it includes data analysis, research
design, research approach, data collection, etc. (Sutrisna and Setiawan, 2016). Further, it can be
considered to be the most crucial chapter that helps to overcome the research problems and to
come up with and appropriate outcome. In order to understand impact of low cost long haul on
airlines is identified. Further, it also involves different type of techniques that helps to develop in
depth understanding for the topic. It is considered to be one of the effective chapters that enables
to complete the research in effective manner.
3.2 Overview
Ultimate aim of any firm is to gain maximum profit, this is only possible when it is be
able to understand their customers’ needs and requirements. With this respect, there are different
type of strategies that are implemented through which the rate of profit or sales can be raised
(Porter, Hampshire and Mashiri, 2017). In accordance with the present aim of the research,
investigation is made to identify the successfulness of low cost long haul carriers. There are
many companies that deliver their customers with similar products and services. In accordance
with the current chapter it enables to make proper evaluation of the different steps that should be
conducted in order to perform the set of research effectively and efficiently. All the techniques,
methods and approaches is applied that help to present the research.
3.3 Project life cycle
This can be determined as the proper steps that are considered in the project in order to
complete all the steps that are included for the same. In this context, there are four different type
of phases which are involved in this which are: Planning, execution, initiation and closure
(Patino, Au and Vollmer, 2016). At the initial stage, one aspect is considered on which research
can be conducted. In the present research, the consideration is made on understanding the
successfulness of low-cost long-haul carriers. Second phrase is planning, it consists of different
type of resources that is required in order to carry out the project. In this research, it requires
resources like finance, human, quality plan, risk plan, etc. In execution part, it includes
implementation of the set plan that help to perform the project in effective manner. Lastly, in
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closure part, on the basis of the topic appropriate outcome determined through which the
research aim and objective are achieved (Marais and Pienaar-Marais, 2016). All these phrases
are important for undertaking the research and these can be considered to be an effective step to
understand and gaining in-depth learning for the research.
3.4 Research Process
In order to conduct research in effective manner, it requires a proper step that has to be
followed which enable to complete it effectively and efficiently. When step by steps are
followed, then it enables to understand the research more specifically (Kurinczuk, Linsell and
Morris, 2016). There are different type of models that are used by companies that is helpful
enough to attract more and more customers. On the other hand, if there are not proper steps
considered, then it becomes difficult for the present the findings. The process starts from
selection of the research area, then it consists of developing aim, objectives and its research
questions. Further, it includes literature review in which the researches that are already
conducted by some other person are conducted. There are many different type of researches that
are conducted on similar topics and these helpful enough to develop in depth understanding for
the present research. Moreover, data collection is a part that help to make gather information
which enable to provide appropriate outcome for the research issue (Cobb, Jadwin and Wolf,
2017). There are mainly two different of method that are implemented in order to collect
information, these are primary and secondary data. After collection of data proper analysis is
made so that the collected data can be presented in effective manner. From this, it can be stated
that proper information about the low cost and long haul was provided it also considered the
preference of customers who make use of the services. Then questionnaire was developed that
helped in understanding the areas that should be considered in developing the airlines. Then
analysis was made that helped in determining the preference of people and changes that should
be made in achieving the goals and objectives. Lastly, from the analysis made appropriate
conclusion is made recommendations is provided through which the rate of issues can be reduced
or solved.
3.5 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is considered as the belief of researcher regrading to the way for
collecting data and making analysis of data. It also helps researcher to analyse sources through
which data has been collected (Flick, 2015). In research study, it is essential to make selection of
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correct philosophy because it creates on the end results. There are two types of research
philosophies that is positivism and interpretivism.
Positivism research aims to carry out the research in logical way. It helps to scholar to get
only important information through observation. It helps to research to collect the data in
effective way and give the best solution of the research. In the case of interpretivism philosophy
make only focus upon the subjective part and involved many theories and models (Mackey and
Gass, 2015). However, the gained outcomes from such philosophy becomes realistic and thus
give essential information regarding research questions.
In the present dissertation, Interpretive research philosophy has been used. With the help
of this philosophy research make study on the given topic in the area of qualitative (Mackey and
Gass, 2015). This method helps to researcher to make collect the data from the different
objective and make able to scholar to empathetic understanding with research.
3.6 Research approach
It is referring to the make selection of the best method that would results in carrying out
the research either in general or specific way (Smith, 2015). Therefore, it is considered at the
master plan that identifies various methods and process for collecting data and making analyse of
data. Through this research make clear their understanding regarding to the existing their theories
and general knowledge. It involves specific two types of research approach i.e. inductive ad
deductive.
Inductive approach is that methods which helps to research for deriving new theories on
the basis of the data which are collected by the research. Along with this researcher feel to free
make any types of research or alternation in their research. It helpful in making useful and
meaningful results with the help of collecting primary information (Taylor, Bogdan, and
DeVault, 2015). On the other hand, deductive approach helps to check the existing theory and
assist to research to develop interconnection with hypothesis. In the present research, scholar has
used Inductive approach has been used. It helps to research to make collection of the data in
more logical way and test the new theory in more systematic manner (Smith, 2015). As per the
research, it enables to determine different set of theories with the help of which the benefits that
the firms will get by implementing the strategies is effectively identified. It given more specific
knowledge to individual for making their research.
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3.7 Research time horizon
For each of the activities that are determined, it requires to have proper time period that
has to be set so that the project can be completed. For each of the steps that are included need to
be evaluated and the total cost that is incurred is also be determined (Clandinin, Cave and
Berendonk, 2017). These are effective enough to make sure that step by the step all the areas that
has to be covered can be finished. Further, it is also enables to determine the effectiveness or the
achievement towards the objectives that are set. There is a condition in which the time planned
may not work efficiently. In such situation, this is a type of issue due to which all the other steps
that are made get delayed and the complete project is not completed within time set. In this
context, there are about 5 chapters involved in order to complete this dissertation. In order to
complete the project for establishing airlines at Middle East reguion, it will take up to 6 months
time. This will provide proper information about the effectiveness of low cost long haul. With
this respect, each of the chapters require certain time period. Majority of the time is consumed by
data collection and its analysis (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp, 2016). In this context, it can be stated
that total time taken was 6 months’ time in order to complete the dissertation.
3.8 Research choice
For all the researcher, it is important to make sure that they make use of proper strategy
related with the research. This enables to achieve the research objectives in effective manner.
With this respect, there are two different type of strategies involved which are qualitative and
quantitative. In this context, qualitative research enables to collect information with the help of
analysis and measuring the data through statistic tool (Ardrey, Desmond and Mortimer, 2016).
On the other hand, quantitative research focus on the aim and objectives of the research. Further,
it makes use of models and theories with regard to the research questions that need to be
achieved. Among these two, researcher has considered qualitative research. This has been used
as it enables to conduct the research and to develop in depth understanding about the different
type of models and theories in relation with the research topic which is low-cost long-haul
carriers and their effective implementation in the Middle East.
3.9 Data Collection and techniques
This is a type of technique that enables to gather information for the current research.
There are two different type of methods that are included in data collection which are primary
and secondary (Amireault, Godin and Sabiston, 2016). Among these two, researcher has made
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use of both these sources. More specifically, primary information is collected with the help of
questionnaire, interview, observation, etc. Among these, investigator made use of questionnaire
and this is collected form managers and employees as they will be helpful enough to provide
adequate information. It is a type of technique that enables to covers all the essential areas by
asking questions from the most reliable respondents. On the other hand, secondary information is
collected with the help of books, journals, articles, etc. These are type of information that is
already being found by some other researcher and the data collected by others are used as a
reference in this present research. Both these data collection methods is helpful enough to gather
information and to come up with appropriate outcome (Sutrisna and Setiawan, 2016). However,
it is important to make sure that relevant respondents are selected who have proper information
for the research issue.
3.10 Data analysis
This is an important aspect that is helpful enough to make proper analysis of the data that
is collected. In order words, the data which is collected with the help of data collection method is
not in a form that can be easily understood (Porter, Hampshire and Mashiri, 2017). In this
context, it is important to make use of data analysis method. As per the type of research that is
conducted, research has made use of mathematics. This is a type of method which enables to
present the collected data in form of tables, charts, etc. This enables to make the information to
present systematically and to make other understand. Further, the data is collected with the help
of questionnaire and information is gathered from employees and managers of airlines. They are
able to provide proper information regarding the research question and that is to analyse the
successfulness of low-cost long-haul carriers and their effective implementation in the Middle
East.
3.11 Quantitative methods
This method approach make focus on the objective measurement and statistical,
mathematical or numerical analysis of the data collected through polls, questionnaires and
surveys. Research make use this research approach to gain understanding related to the data
which are gather from the survey (Vaioleti, 2016) This research methods are related to identify
the problems by way of generating numerical data or that can be transformed into the useable
statistics. For collecting such types of data, large population of sample are required so the data
can be analysis in the more effective way. This method is also used for the formulated data and
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make converted into logical way so analysis can be done. In this present research, this is not
being used as qualitative is used in which questionnaire is developed and that was filled up by
managers and employees.
Under this method data usually gathered in the structured research instruments and the
research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability. With the help of
this research method, scholar can easily attain the research question which are related for the
making answer of the question of research (Flick, 2015). Along with this research, method is
also helps to make predication on generalized concept includes more widely and helps to predict
future results (Vaioleti, 2016). Under this research methods, scholar uses online survey, paper
surveys, mobile surveys and face to face interviews.
3.12 Qualitative Methodology
Qualitative research approach is that approach in which employed make inquiry in many
types of academic disciplines which manly includes social- science and natural science. This
research method is primarily exploratory research. It is used by researcher to gain reasons,
opinions and motivation (Mackey and Gass, 2015). With the help of this research method,
scholar develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. It is also used to uncover
trends and gain deep knowledge about research. Data which are collected by this method may be
vary from the unstructured or semi structure techniques. Some common method of the qualitative
approach is individual interview, discussion and selected of respondent to full fill research
requirement. Proper analysis is made from the data was collected from employees and managers
of the airlines as they are effective enough to provide proper information. This way low cost long
haul will be
In the present research, scholar make use of this research method so they can identify all
the requirement information (Smith, 2015). In the qualitative research methods provide deep
analysis of the research through which individual can gather information and opinions and they
make any type of conclusion.
3.13 Ethical considerations
It is referring to the approach which stated scholar to make identification of what is right
or wrong (Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault, 2015). In each type of research, it is important for the
researcher needs to considered ethics and make sure that no unethical practices have taken place
while conducting research. In the research, it is important to follow ethics while collecting data
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from the primary and secondary sources. For example, during collecting data from the primary
approach it is essential that researcher make collection of data in more secure way and do not
disclosed information of the participants. If, in any case information, leaked then it may affect
validity of research. Thus, for the scholar it is essential that to take appropriate action for survey
data.
Ethical consideration is also followed in the case secondary data. Scholar makes sure that
each data which are going collected from the secondary data, make use of authentic source
(Vaioleti, 2016). While collecting data from the any type of website, need to use only trusted
one. Along with this scholar make sure that no plagiarism should be arises in while collecting
data from the secondary sources.
3.14 Conclusion
As per the above conducted analysis, it can be stated that this is a type of process that
enables to understand the research topic more clearly. Further, all the steps that are included in
this are highly important. Further, all the information that is collected from research of some
other person should not be used in the research as it can be used as a reference.
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