Low Impact Manufacturing: Cheese Production Energy Analysis Report

This report examines the energy systems involved in cheese manufacturing, focusing on energy efficiency and sustainability. It begins with an overview of energy types and processes, including mechanical, potential, thermal, chemical, and electrical energy, quantifying their use in various stages, such as milk production, standardizing, mixing, heating, freezing, conversion into curd, and processing. The report highlights the significant energy-consuming processes, particularly heating and freezing, and illustrates the energy flow and losses using a Snakey diagram, which visualizes energy conversions and inefficiencies. Finally, it explores renewable energy technologies like solar energy (for heating and electricity generation) and proposes cost reduction methods to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and promote sustainable practices within the cheese manufacturing process, specifically using Nestle as a case study. The report concludes by summarizing the main energy types, the role of the Snakey diagram, and the potential of renewable energy for reducing energy costs.

LOW IMPACT
MANUFACTURING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Overview.....................................................................................................................................3
Most significant energy using processes.....................................................................................3
Snakey Diagram..........................................................................................................................5
Renewable energy technologies and cost reduction methods.....................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Energy systems are the type of systems that are designed to supply energy services to the
end users. Industrial energy systems are used to improve the performance, efficiency and
manufacturing of industrial system that can yield large energy and cost savings. These systems
consist of equipments that are used to approach energy efficiency ( Ravindran and Jaiswal.,
2016). These systems can be used foe saving energy and cost used in the complete process of
manufacturing or any other process. In this assignment process of manufacturing of cheese will
be discussed with all the significant energies involved in the process of manufacturing of cheese.
In this assignment quantification of energies involved at each process will also be explained and
will focus on Nestle company. Then with the help of Snakey diagram main flow of energy into,
within and out of the facility will be shown where all the energy conversions will be explained as
well as all the energy losses within the process. Lastly sustainability of all the renewable energy
technologies for this manufacturing will be discussed with few suggestions that might reduce the
cost of Nestle organization's energy use.
MAIN BODY
Overview
Energy efficiency can simply be defined as usage or consumption of less energy to
perform the same task. It can benefit in reducing demand of energy import, lowered household
and economy wide level cost, and reducing greenhouse gas emission. Manufacturing of all the
products consumes energy for heating, cleaning, baking, cooking etc. which should be used
efficiently so that energy consumed is less. For this industrial energy system Assignment type of
product chosen is Cheese for identification five most significant energy using processes (Liu and
et.al., 2018 ).
Most significant energy using processes
There are various types of energies that are used in different processes of manufacturing
of cheese which are: Mechanical energy, potential energy, thermal energy, chemical or chemical
potential energy and electrical energy. All of these energies used in different processes of of
manufacturing of cheese. Production: For manufacturing of cheese first of all production of milk process is done
which involves mechanical energy which is a sum of potential energy and kinetic energy
as this process is done by humans.

 Standardizing: Then standardizing of milk process is done which involves potential
energy, it is changing from one state to other. Mixing and heating: Then mixing of powdered milk and natural milk and its boiling is
required to be done. This process involves thermal energy which is type of energy that
requires heat or in simple words it is a heat energy. For heating the milk Natural gas is
used which involves chemical potential energy ( Tang., 2015 ). Freezing: Then the milk is kept in the fridge for chilling which involves electrical energy.
 Conversion into curd: Then that milk is changed into curd which involves chemical
energy. After the conversion of curd it is again heated which involves chemical potential energy.
 Processing: At last processing of cheese is done through machines which involves
electrical energy and chemical energy.
These are the five types of energies used in manufacturing of cheese at various stages, in
different processes of manufacturing of cheese. All these energies can be quantified or measured
during those processes.
 At the production of milk process mechanical energy used can be measured by measuring
both kinetic and potential energy as mechanical energy is the addition of potential and
kinetic energy. So, by measuring both the energies, mechanical energy can be quantified.
Efficient energy consumption of mechanical energy completely depends upon the amount
produced.
 Standardizing of milk involves potential energy that completely depends upon the
acceleration speed and amount of milk. Potential energy used in this process can be
quantified measuring the amount of milk standardizing at what speed.
 At the process of heating thermal energy is used which can be quantified by measuring
the mass of the milk and the degree at which the milk is being heated. Thermal energy
can be used efficiently by controlling the degree at which the milk is being heated (Singh
and et.al., 2015 ).
 At the process of freezing electrical energy is used which can be quantified by measuring
the power and voltage of the fridge. It can be used efficiently by controlling the voltage
and power of the fridge. For normal freezing of one ton milk electrical energy used is
approximately 100MJ.

 Chemical energy used in conversion of curd can be quantified by measuring the calories
and energy used in conversion of curd.
All the energies used at each process can be calculated from the above methods and can be
quantified. It can be said that in order to measure or quantify the amount of energy to be used in
each process can be measured and controlled by measuring the amount of milk used, degree at
which the food is being heated and power or voltage used in freezing. In this way amount of heat
used can be controlled. According to a survey freezing and heating requires 40% more energy
than all the other processes.
Snakey Diagram
Snakey diagrams are used to specify the flow diagram where width of the arrow is shown
according to the flow of quantity i.e. if the flow is twice then it represents double quantity. This
diagram can show flow of materials, energy, water, cost etc. In Snakey diagrams directed flow is
always shown between at least two processes. This diagram not only shows the flow of
information but also shows the distribution of system ( Campbell and Francesca., 2016 ). These
diagrams are a great alternative to flow charts and diagrams as well as they are much more
suitable for visualizing energy balance. In these diagrams' width of arrow shows proportional
flow quantity, all the arrows used shows flow from one node to another. This diagram can also
help in detecting all the inconsistencies through visualization of data ( Gokhale., 2018 ). These
diagrams are suitable for wide range of applications and processes such as energy flow, supply
chain or material flow, business or marketing analysis etc. there is no fixed way of illustrating
Snakey diagram i.e. it can be made in any possible way that illustrates the flow and loss of
energy.
This diagram will show all the energy conversions taking place in the complete process which
are: Conversion of mechanical energy to potential energy in process of Standardizing, Chemical
potential energy conversion to thermal energy in the process of heating, thermal to electrical
energy in freezing process, electrical energy conversion into chemical energy in the process of
conversion of curd, then again conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy in the
process of processing.
Snakey diagram illustration energy flow in all the processes of cheese manufacturing are shown
starting. This diagram will illustrate flow and conversion of energy as well as wastage of energy.

With the help of this diagram all the losses of energy can be identified at which process ( Lee.,
2018 ).
In this first of all conversion and flow of mechanical energy into potential energy comes into
picture in which kinetic energy is lost. Then flow and conversion of potential energy into thermal
energy is shown where 70% of thermal energy is lost. Then this thermal energy is converted into
electrical energy where only 70% of energy is used. After this, this electrical energy is converted
into chemical energy where external and 50% of energy is lost. At last all the remaining
chemical energy is converted into electrical energy ( Phipps., 2015 ). This diagram clearly states
that the main flow of energy is mechanical energy where kinetic energy is lost and remaining
potential energy is used and size of all the arrows show the consumption of and loss of energies
flowing in the complete process.
Renewable energy technologies and cost reduction methods
Renewable energy technology can be defined as a kind of energy that is mainly collected
from all the renewable resources that are naturally obtained from natural sources such as sun,
rain wind etc. this energy is mainly used for generation of electricity generation, heating,
cooling, transportation etc. The technology used for converting these renewable energy resources
Illustration 1: Snakey diagram

into a form of energy is called renewable energy technology ( Bogdanov and Breyer., 2016 ).
These renewable energy can be used in a very efficient and sustainable way as it will help the
company reduction of their overall cost, reduce wastage of energy done during the overall
process of manufacturing process. There are various ways and different renewable energy
technologies that can be used in this process in very sustainable way however, few of them might
be a bit time consuming but others are way too efficient and can be used as an alternative for
various processes such as for heating, freeing these technologies can be used which will save the
cost of energy consumption of the organizations, so there is any kind of energy loss it will not
cost company a fortune in fact it will reduce the overall cost of the company.
There are various types of renewable energy technologies that can be used for this facility
that can be used to reduce the overall cost of manufacturing of the company. Like solar energy
can be used for heating process in the form of thermal energy ( Luthra and et.al., 2015 ). It will
help in saving usage of gas in heating process. In this direct energy from sun can be used to heat
the milk with the help of solar cooking in this all the energy for sun are enhanced and absorbed
or captured for cooking of food the efficiency of these solar heaters completely depend upon the
size and material used for it. In this process solar energy is converted into thermal energy which
can be used for heating purpose in this complete facility. This solar energy can be converted into
electrical energy by solar photovoltaic panels. With the help of these panels solar renewable
energy can be used and converted into electrical energy ( Noailly and Shestalova., 2017 ). This
electrical energy can be used in freezing or processing process of manufacturing. This solar
energy can be used for running various appliances that are used in manufacturing of food. This
way organizations can reduce their usage of heat energy in the form of gases by either using
solar heaters or by using electric thermal heaters. Use of solar photovoltaic panels can help in
reduction of electrical energy used in the organizations which can further be used for running
various kind of appliances for processing, freezing etc. These are the two types of that can be
used to reduce the overall cost of energy usage in organizations, there are various other
renewable energy technologies that can be used by companies for the same ( Weigelt and Shittu.,
2016 ). These renewable energy technologies can be used in Nestle for manufacturing of other
products also which will help them in saving or reducing cost of Organization's energy use like
electrical energy use, thermal energy use etc. So, it can be said that use of suitable renewable
energy technology can minimize organization's energy use cost at a great extent.

CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it has been concluded that there are five main type of
energies involved in manufacturing process of cheese like mechanical, thermal, electrical,
potential, chemical. All these energies are used at different processes of manufacturing. Then
with the help of snakey diagram flow and loss of energy in the complete process has been shown
and based on it two suitable renewable energy technologies used in this manufacturing process
for this facility are discussed with two ways of reducing the cost of nestle organization's energy
use. This has helped in understanding all the energies used in the process of food manufacturing
and the way it can be used efficiently for reduction of cost of the company.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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supply: Optimal mix of energy technologies for electricity, gas and heat supply
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Campbell, B.D. and Francesca, S., 2016. Using Art to Visualize Cellular Environments: An
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Gokhale, A., 2018. Measuring students' attitudes toward information technology: conference
tutorial. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 33(4). pp.101-102.
Lee, D.T., 2018. Three-Dimensional Topology of the Magnetic Field in the Solar Corona
Liu, Y., and et.al., 2018. Cheese manufacturing and bioactive substance separation: Separation
and preliminary purification of camp from whey. Korean journal for food science of
animal resources. 38(1). p.52.
Luthra, S., and et.al., 2015. Barriers to renewable/sustainable energy technologies adoption:
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Noailly, J. and Shestalova, V., 2017. Knowledge spillovers from renewable energy technologies:
Lessons from patent citations. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 22.
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Phipps, C., 2015. No Wonder You Wonder!: Great Inventions and Scientific Mysteries. Springer.
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Singh, S., and et.al., 2015. Microwave processing of materials and applications in manufacturing
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Tang, J., 2015. Unlocking potentials of microwaves for food safety and quality. Journal of food
science. 80(8). pp.E1776-E1793.
Weigelt, C. and Shittu, E., 2016. Competition, regulatory policy, and firms’ resource
investments: The case of renewable energy technologies. Academy of Management
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