Lung Cancer in Women in UK: Causes, Impact, and Prevention

This research project investigates the reasons behind the increased prevalence of lung cancer in women in the UK, along with its psychosocial impact. The study explores various contributing factors, including smoking and exposure to certain chemicals, and examines the differences between lung cancer in women and men. The report includes a literature review analyzing the causes of lung cancer, such as smoking and exposure to chemicals, and the psychosocial consequences like depression and social avoidance. The research methodology involves an inductive approach, interpretivism philosophy, and exploratory research design. Data collection methods include secondary data from books and journals, with qualitative techniques used for data analysis. A Gantt chart outlines the project's timeline, from topic selection to submission. The expected outcomes highlight the need for proper treatment and care to improve the quality of life for women suffering from lung cancer in the UK. The study aims to understand the causes, psychosocial impact, and prevention strategies related to lung cancer in women, contributing to the development of effective interventions.

Research Project

Task 1
1.1 Project outline specification
Introduction to research
Lung cancer is second type of cancer which begins in the lungs and it is one of the
common cancer which is increases in women more frequently. This is one of the major cause for
women deaths in UK. The present research is based on the reasons behind increased prevalence
of lung cancer in women in UK and its psychosocial impact. Lung cancer in women is different
from lung cancer in men in different ways. As lung cancer is one of the main causes of death as
compared to breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. further from the study it has been examined that
non smoker women who live with smoker women lead to increase in the chances of developing
lung cancer (Pirie, Peto and Beral, 2016). Although, women who smoke is one of the causes of
lung cancer, a higher percentage of women that acquired lung cancer are non smokers.
Aims and objectives
Aim:
To analyse the reasons behind increased prevalence of lung cancer in women in UK and
its psychosocial impact
Objective
 To understand the causes of lung cancer in women in UK
 To analyse the psychosocial impact of lung cancer on women in UK
 To recommend strategies for preventing lung cancer in women in UK
Research questions
 What are the causes of lung cancer in women in UK
 What is the psychosocial impact of lung cancer on women in UK
 Explain different strategies for preventing lung cancer in women in UK
1.2 Contributing factors in the process of research project selection
Rationale of research
Purpose of present study is to analyse the reasons behind increased prevalence of lung
cancer in women in UK and its psychosocial impact. It has been identified that lung cancer in
women is increasing as compared to men. There are more number of women who are suffering
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from the lung cancer have never touched a cigarette. There are some risk factors in women that is
prior lung diseases, smoking and exposures to asbestos etc. Further, there are some symptoms of
lung cancer that is coughing chest pain, difficulty swallowing, loss of appetite, fatigue
(Malvezzi, Carioli, and Negri, 2017). Further one of the most common causes if lung cancer in
women is known as the adenocarcnoma. The current study assist in identifying the he
psychosocial impact of lung cancer on women in UK.
1.3 Literature review
Reasons behind increased cases of lung cancer in women in UK
According to the Yang, Cairns and Reeves, (2016) .lung cancer is one of main causes
of death in women in the United Kingdom. In the man lung cancer is going down but there is
increase in women of lung cancer. The research behind increased lung cancer is smoking which
increasing every year. Further, smoking cigarette is one of single biggest risk factor for lung
cancer. There are 60 different toxic substance which are contained in the tobacco smoke and it
lead to increase the chances of cancer. All this substance are carcinogenic that is cancer
producing substance. As per the view of Brain, Lifford and Field, (2016) smoking cannabis is
linked with an exaggerated endangerment of lung cancer. There are cannabis smokers that mixes
tobacco with their cannabis. They try smoking and inhale it deeply so that smoking particles
dissolved. Apart from this, exposure to certain chemicals and substance which is used some of
the industries and lead to develop lung cancer (Phillips, Tenny and Ezhil, 2016). These all
chemical substance covers, beryllium, coal and coke fumes and silica etc .
Psychosocial consequences of lung cancer on women in UK.
According to the Muller, Johansson and Brennan, (2017) there are many women who
experienced some psychosocial suffering at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer and care.
Further, the excruciation level is alters from women to women. Distress which is related to
cancer may be foreseen to divide with the time for the number of individual diagnosed with
cancer. Therefore, this distress is can directly impact the quality level, and comfort of women.
Amaral, Strachan and Jarvis,(2016) state that psychosocial concern which is identified in
women who are suffering from lung cancer is body image disruption, intrusive thoughts about
illness and feeling. Mostly women who suffer from lung cancer get depressed and unable to live
happier life. They suffer from depression and unable to give time to their parents and children.
Further patient have advance diseases may experience different type of symptom that is pain,
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dyspepsia etc. Women who suffer from lung cancer started avoiding people and places due to
fear and it suffer from pain, breathing difficulty and chest pain.
Expected outcomes
From the above conducted literature review it has been identified that cancer rate in
United Kingdom women is increases 6 times faster in next 2 decades. Further there are most of
the cases which state that cancer in women is more as compare to men. Although the new
reasoning of future way or cancer in women by cancer research UK is based on the way of
choices of lifestyle and other factors which can affect and create a chances' cancer. Further it is
identified that world health organisation (WHO) has measured that there are two- fifth among all
the 14 million cases of cancer which are diagnosed every year are preventable. Some of the main
causes of cancer, are diet, Infection and smoking. Further it can be stated that women who are
suffering from lung cancer were unable to live their life happily (Phillips, Tenny and Ezhil,
2016.) . As because of cancer they come into depression and unable to enjoy their social life.
Proper treatment and care is needed for those women who are suffering from lung cancer in UK.
1.4 Research methodology
 Research Approach: Research approach can be defined as the strategy that assist in
carrying out all whole study in an effective manner (Vaioleti, 2016.). There are two kind
of research approach that is deductive and inductive which are every helpful in analysing
the reasons behind increased prevalence in women of lung cancer in UK and its
psychosocial impact. In the present report researcher will used inductive approach so that
specific information can be collected in order to meet the objectives of current research.
 Research philosophy: Research philosophy is of two type that is inductive and
deductive. Interpretivism philosophy refer to the single fact which is followed by
different facts and figures. While positivism is based on certain facts which is refer to
specific fact (Kurinczuk, Linsell and Morris, 2016.). In the present report researcher
selected Interpretivism philosophy because it proves to be beneficial at the time when
qualitative type will be selected.
 Research design: It is systematic plan which assist in finding out the main problem
which is linked with current research (Hovorka, 2016.). There are different type of
research design that is case study, casual, descriptive and exploratory etc. in the present
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research scholar will be used exploratory research design which help in finding out the
key factors that are impacting the social life of women due to lung cancer. Research
design help in reaching the findings of present research and it also help carrying out
entire research in an systematic pattern
 Data collection: There are two methods of collecting a data that is secondary. Both
methods will be used by researcher in order to carry collect specific information related
to the reasons behind increased prevalence of lung cancer in women in UK and its
psychosocial impact (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp, 2016). Secondary information is that
information which is already published by authors in books and journals. Therefore, this
information help in gathering information related to causes of blood cancer and its
prevention method. Secondary information can be collected with the help from books,
internet, and journals.
 Analysis of data: There are two types of techniques which can be used for analysing the
collected data that is qualitative and quantitative (Hovorka, 2016. ). In this research
qualitative techniques will be used for analysing the collected data with the assistance of
themes and charts. It is important to analyse the collected information so that valid
outcome can be gather in order to accomplish aim and objectives
1.5 Gantt chart
The below gantt chart show the activities which are covered in order to complete this research
project
Activity/Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Selection of investigation
topic
Making goals and objective
literature review
Conducting survey
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Selection of tools and
techniques
Expected outcomes
Justification and
Recommendations
Day of submission
Modification done on the
basis of feedback
Last day of Submission
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REFERENCE
Books and journals
Amaral, A., Strachan, D., Real, F.G., Burney, P. and Jarvis, D., 2016. Lung function in
postmenopausal women from the UK Biobank.
Brain, K., Lifford, K.J., Carter, B., Burke, O., McRonald, F., Devaraj, A., Hansell, D.M.,
Baldwin, D., Duffy, S.W. and Field, J.K., 2016. Long-term psychosocial outcomes of low-
dose CT screening: results of the UK Lung Cancer Screening randomised controlled
trial. Thorax, 71(11), pp.996-1005.
Caillaud, E., Rose, B. and Goepp, V., 2016. Research methodology for systems engineering:
some recommendations. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(12), pp.1567-1572.
Hovorka, A.J., 2016. Gender resources for urban agriculture research: methodology, directory
and annotated bibliography.
Kurinczuk, J.J., Linsell, L., Malouf, R., Marlow, N. and Morris, J., 2016. Risk factor models for
neurodevelopmental outcome in children born very preterm or with very low birth weight:
a systematic review of methodology and reporting. American Journal of Epidemiology.
Malvezzi, M., Carioli, G., Bertuccio, P., Boffetta, P., Levi, F., La Vecchia, C. and Negri, E.,
2017. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2017, with focus on lung
cancer. Annals of Oncology, 28(5), pp.1117-1123.
Marais, H.C. and Pienaar-Marais, M., 2016, May. Analysis of Research Methodology in
Business and Management Studies as Reflected in the ECRM 2015 Proceedings.
In ECRM2016-Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Research Methodology
for Business Management": ECRM2016 (p. 167). Academic Conferences and publishing
limited.
Muller, D.C., Johansson, M. and Brennan, P., 2017. Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model
Incorporating Lung Function: Development and Validation in the UK Biobank
Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(8), pp.861-869.
Patino, C.M., Au, D.H., Lane, C.J., Buist, A.S. and Vollmer, W.M., 2016. Building Research
Capacity In Middle And Low-Income Countries Through Research Methodology And
Career Development Education. In D102. FIGURING OUT WHAT WE DON'T KNOW:
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION (pp. A7567-A7567). American Thoracic
Society.
Phillips, I., Tenny, J., Gunn, L., Nimako, K., Hug, A., Allan, L. and Ezhil, V., 2016. Sarcopenia
in lung cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 42(11), p.S238.
Pirie, K., Peto, R., Green, J., Reeves, G.K. and Beral, V., 2016. Lung cancer in never smokers in
the UK Million Women Study. International journal of cancer, 139(2), pp.347-354.
Vaioleti, T.M., 2016. Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific
research. Waikato Journal of Education, 12(1).
Yang, T.O., Cairns, B.J., Reeves, G.K., Green, J., Beral, V. and Million Women Study
Collaborators, 2016. Cancer risk among 21st century blood transfusion recipients. Annals
of Oncology, p.mdw555.
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