Presentation: The Lungs, Body Systems, and Workplace Chemical Exposure

This presentation provides a detailed overview of the lungs, starting with their anatomy and primary function of gas exchange and promoting breathing. It outlines the lungs' interactions with other body systems like the circulatory and skeletal systems. The presentation then delves into various lung disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, COPD, lung cancer, and pneumonia, highlighting how adverse working conditions, such as smoking and exposure to hazardous chemicals like asbestos and lead, can cause significant lung damage. It emphasizes the impact of these factors on lung function, such as loss of elasticity and inflammation of airways. The presentation concludes by outlining proactive preventive measures, such as encouraging smoking cessation and promoting good hygiene, along with reactive measures, like pharmacological interventions for conditions like asthma, to prevent further deterioration of the lungs. The content is supported by references to relevant research articles.

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The lung and its impact on
other systems of the body

LUNGS
 Lungs are organs
located on either
side of the chest
 Air is inhaled
through bronchi
and bronchi
further divides
into small
branches called
bronchioles
(Netter, 2017).

Anatomy OF THE LUNGS
 Lungs are pyramid
shaped organs
connected by
trachea
 Each lung is
bordered by
diaphragm
 Each lung consists
of lobes. Right
lungs have three
lobes and left lungs
have two lobes
(Netter, 2017).

FUNCTION OF THE LUNGS
 The main function of the
lungs is gas exchange and
promoting breathing
 During breathing, the lung
works to pass oxygen into
the bloodstream and
circulate oxygen to other
parts of the body
 It helps to maintain pH
balance
 It acts a shock absorber
and protective elements
for the heart (Netter,
2017).

OTHER SYSTEMS OF HUMAN
BODY
Other systems present in human body that
interact with each other includes circulatory
system, digestive system, endocrine
system, immune system, nervous system,
respiratory system, nervous and muscular
system.

INTERACTION OF THE LUNGS
WITH OTHER SYSTEM
 The lung interacts with the circulatory and
respiratory system
 The structure in the lungs plays a major
role in gas exchange and conversion of
oxygen into carbon dioxide
 The skeletal system plays a role in
providing structure to the soft tissues of the
lungs and other organs of the respiratory
system

Types of lung disorders
Because of adverse effects of undesirable
work conditions on the lungs, the following
types of lungs disorders takes place:
 Asthma
 Bronchitis
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 Lung cancer
 Pneumonia

Adverse effects of changes on the
lungs
Smoking is one of the factors that
contribute to damage of the airways and
alveoli of the lungs. This contributes to lung
disease such as COPD.
The risk of lung cancer also increases
because of smoking and
beginning of carcinogen induced initiation
events (Eapen et al., 2018)

Adverse effects of changes on the
lungs
Physical changes like
loss of elasticity of the
alveoli lead to challenges
in exhaling carbon
dioxide out of the lungs.
The subsequent
inflammation of the
airways lead to
bronchitis, mucus
production and breathing
difficulty. This changes
occurs in patient with
COPD and emphysema

Principle causes of lung damage
Damage to the lungs occur because of the
following factors:
 Tobacco smoking
 Airway obstruction
 Inflammation of the airways
 Exposure to hazardous chemicals

Impact of chemicals on the lungs
 Exposure to chemicals like dust particles
and fumes cause serious lung damage and
risk o deaths.
 Lung function is seriously affected in people
working in asbestos factory
 Asbestos exposure lead to diverse lung
complication such as pleural thickening,
pleural effusion and lung fibrosis (Wilken et
al., 2011)

Impact of chemicals on the lungs
Exposure to noxious agents like lead also
contribute to lung disorders
Respiratory symptoms like chest tightness,
cough and sputum, wheezing is found in
lead exposure workers (Khazdair et al.,
2012)

Preventive measures to protect
lungs
 Encourage cigarette smoking and exposure
to second hand smoke
 Promote use of hand hygiene to keep
germs away and reduce risk of infection
transmission
 Avoid living in crowded areas
 Use positive behavior techniques like
covering up mouths while sneezing to
prevent transmission of infection via air
(Stead et al., 2016)

REACTIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT
DETERIORATION OF THE LUNGS
 Lung damage also occurs because of air
pollution and exposure to harmful
chemicals in the airways
 Exposure to irritants like pet hair, smoke,
dust, pollens, molds and weather changes
lead to airway changes
 To prevent deterioration of the lungs in
response to reactive diseases like asthma,
pharmacological interventions like use of
allergy antihistamines may prevent
deterioration of the lungs.

REFERENCES:
Eapen, M. S., Hansbro, P. M., Larsson‑Callerfelt, A. K., Jolly, M. K.,
Myers, S., Sharma, P., ... & Larby, J. (2018). Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and lung cancer: underlying pathophysiology and
new therapeutic modalities. Drugs, 78(16), 1717-1740.
Khazdair, M. R., Boskabady, M. H., Afshari, R., Dadpour, B., Behforouz,
A., Javidi, M., ... & Tabatabaie, S. S. (2012). Respiratory symptoms
and pulmonary function testes in lead exposed workers. Iranian Red
Crescent Medical Journal, 14(11), 737.
Netter, F. H. (2017). Atlas of Human Anatomy E-Book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Stead, L. F., Koilpillai, P., Fanshawe, T. R., & Lancaster, T. (2016).
Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for
smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
Wilken, D., Garrido, M. V., Manuwald, U., & Baur, X. (2011). Lung
function in asbestos-exposed workers, a systematic review and meta-
analysis. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology, 6(1), 21.