Macroeconomics Report: Incentives, Crime, and Parenting Analysis

This macroeconomics report delves into various aspects of economic behavior, starting with an examination of incentives and their impact on different sectors, including education and sports, where cheating is explored. The report then shifts to historical analysis, looking at the Ku Klux Klan and its influence, as well as the economic factors related to crime, such as drug dealing and the role of family structures. It further investigates the effects of policies like abortion bans on population and crime rates. The report also examines the complexities of parenting, comparing different approaches and considering the influence of parental characteristics on child outcomes. Finally, it analyzes the impact of naming conventions on individuals, exploring whether names influence their fate and success, drawing on economic and sociological data to support its findings. The report provides a comprehensive overview of how various societal elements interact with economic principles.

Running head: MACROECONOMICS
MACROECONOMICS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1....................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 2....................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 3....................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 4....................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 5....................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 6....................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCE.............................................................................................................................7

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Chapter 1
The chapter deals with the common features between Sumo Wrestlers and Teachers
teaching in School. The chapter gives an overview of incentives. The incentives attracts any
individual to work more in a productive way. Incentives are of three types. Those are societal,
financial and ethical (Christophe.heintz.free.fr 2019). When a teacher is appointed to examine
the recent incentivized landscape as well as they somehow fill up the score of the students
then the cheating done by the teacher gets unnoticed. When a student performs dramatically
well in their exams, then the teachers are categorized as good teachers. When whole Chicago
data are analyzed then it is found that 5 per cent of the total teachers are found to be cheating
almost in two hundred classrooms or more per year. Thus, teachers of Chicago Public School
were fired.
Even in case of sports, cheating takes place. The reason behind is that it is a common
practice in the strategy of winning and losing. Similarly, like a teacher when a sports athlete
found to be cheating then the athlete gets punishment. The sumo wrestlers’ incentive scheme
are considered to be extraordinarily as well as complicatedly powerful. Their performance
judges the ranking of the sumo wrestlers'. Generally, the wrestle whose score is overall better
throughout the tournament than those wrestlers’ whose performance are not up to the mark,
then the former has high chance of winning the match. There are even records of those
wrestlers who do match rigging.
Chapter 2
The chapter 2 mentions that Ku Klux Khan Institution had a rough history. They have
ruled until 1915. This institution reached about eight million employers by 1920s. During
earlier times, Klan worked through distributing pamphlets, hanging, sterilizing, shooting,
pistol-whipping and many other means of intimidation. Former slaves and those white people

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who supported black slaves were their main targets. The institution was destroyed because
military interference was out from Washington, D.C. Even after their destruction still Klan
organization aims was succeeded through the formation of Jim Crow Laws. John Brown who
was former union worker of Klan organizations described about the meeting and other illegal
functions of Klan institution (Lewis 2013). Kennedy also portrayed anti-Klan activities.
Late in 1990s homeowner’s coverage, health insurance and automobile insurance
price did not fall but the life insurance price declined. In 1996, the websites kept a record of
only about the listed price like Kennedy gathered information about Klan organization. The
Klan institution and insurance companies had a common thing, which was that both of their
information were spread and hence they lost their powers. On the other hand, they differed in
some areas. For instance, the Ku Klux Klan information were highly confidential whereas,
the prices of the insurance companies facts were kept as less confidential compared to the
former. Duke and Ku Klux Klan had a common thing, which was both of them raised dollars
for their work which was based on their particular fields concerning white supremacy and
political base.
Chapter 3
The chapter dealt with the reason behind the drug dealers staying with their mothers.
Recent audit stated that the police working in Atlanta, ever since early 1990s were thoroughly
underreporting crime. The term drug sales means that those money, which deals with cracked
cocaine. On the other hand, the drug dealers does not have much knowledge about economics
and even economists rarely deals with these kind dealers. Almost every day, there ,are news
of, the ,drug dealers being, caught, which, comes out in, newspapers, as well as televisions.
When a gang member is murdered, the other gang members bears all the costs
associated with the murder and funeral of the gang member. They do so because they respect

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their families. They care for their families and stays while them because the family members
specially mothers are the ones who stay with them every time. The children who are growing
up to be drug dealer as their profession is because of certain circumstances they face.The
children who live in those areas grow up seeing their neighborhood to be a place of drug
dealers. Almost percent of them live under below poverty line (Duck 2015). These children
usually have single parents. This is because may be their fathers have been murdered while
dealing with drugs. Therefore, they stay without fathers. Their mothers up brings their
childhood. Since, to help financially these children’s also starts to sale drugs. Thus, this is the
main reason why the drug dealers generally stay with their mothers (Jacques and Allen 2014).
Chapter 4
Nicolae Ceausescu, who was the Romania Communist dictator in the year 1966,
banned abortion in order to strengthen Romania speedily by improving their population. As a
result, the birth rate in Romania also doubled. The ban in abortion was still in effect until the
time Ceausescu lost his rule. The abortion story of Romania acted as a contrary to the crime
story of America. The rate of crime declined speedily during the beginning of 1990s, which
surprised each one of the individuals in America. The experts took a lot of time in finding out
the result of this sudden decrease.
The decrease in crime rate since the beginning of 1990s led to improvement in
national economy and reduction in unemployment. In contrast to the above statement, this
chapter states that only those non-violent crimes like theft, robbery and burglary are reduced
due to strong hold of job markets. The decrease in unemployment rate resulted more of the
decline in non-violent crimes. There were no relation between employment and violent
crimes (Hayward 2013). The capital punishment proved to be an effective factor as it
decreased the crime rate during 1980s to 1990s.

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The chapter concluded that neither capital punishment nor the growing economy were
responsible for the decline in crime rates. Rather, proper investigation lately started which
helped the rate of crime to fall. New policing strategy in investing crime and growth in
numbers of police were the two main reasons for the drop in the rate of crimes being
committed.
Chapter 5
The chapter is about being a perfect parent. The parenting experts seems to differ
based on the various cases of parenting. The main feature of parenting is that newly parents
are always scared in upbringing their children. They waste a lot of energy by getting scared in
wrong things. The author states that if each parents follows some precautions then lives of
children can be saved in each year. In general, parenting matters a lot. Bad parenting makes a
huge difference. Studies suggests that parents who eagerly welcomed their children are far
better than those parents whose children are born unwanted. Coll, Bearer and Lerner (2014)
addressed the differences in upbringing of children whether they are affected because of
having single parent, both parents, working mother or staying in a day care.
The chapter dealt with an example of two different boys out of which one of them was
another was black. The example was considered in order to find out whether parents have any
significance in their child’s life. The chapter clears that data does not give clear results
because personality, creativity of the child cannot be measured. The ECLS data analyzed that
children who are adopted performed relatively low in exams than those children who stays
with biological parents. The chapter concluded that parents, who are smart, well educated,
diligent, well-earned and successfully married up brings their children in a well-mannered.
These features help in being a perfect parent that matters a lot in child’s well upbringing.

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Chapter 6
In this chapter, the author studied about parents being obsessive in naming their child.
Most of the parents believe when a child is born is that the name of the child will decide their
fate. The author stated an example of Robert Lane who named his first child as Winner and
second child as Loser. The question arises, whether the names create any importance to their
fate or does the name actually matters. Both of them were black.
According to the black economist, Roland G. Fryer Jr., studied about the phenomenon
of acting white as well as the gap in test score of black-white (Thelamour and Johnson 2017).
Since, there are economical and societal difference between the whites and blacks, Fryer
became interested in studying the virtual discrimination between the cultures. Analyzing data
of California from 1961, Fryer found that the discrimination did not exist until the beginning
of 1970s. The naming of the newborn child was determined based on the black-white culture.
Since, many years several audits were conducted. For instance, two resumes were sent
to the employers out of which one belonged to a white person and the other one belonged to a
black person. The outcome stated that the white person was selected for the job. Therefore,
the practice of name changing was a common practice. California data recommends that
parents based on their expectation gives name to their child, keeping in mind that name will
decide child’s fate. However, the naming does not make any difference.

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REFERENCE
Christophe.heintz.free.fr +2019. [online] Christophe.heintz.free.fr. Available at:
http://christophe.heintz.free.fr/bgt/Freakonomics__A_Rogue_Economist_Explores_the_Hidd
en_Side_of_Everything__Revised_and_Expanded_.pdf [Accessed 2 Sep. 2019].
Coll, C.G., Bearer, E.L. and Lerner, R.M., 2014. Nature and nurture: The complex interplay
of genetic and environmental influences on human behavior and development. Psychology
press.
Duck, W., 2015. No way out: Precarious living in the shadow of poverty and drug dealing.
University of Chicago Press.
Hayward, A.L., 2013. Lives of the Most Remarkable Criminals-who have been condemned
and executed for murder, the highway, housebreaking, street robberies, coining or other
offences: Previously published 1735 and 1927. Routledge.
Jacques, S. and Allen, A., 2014. Bentham’s sanction typology and restrictive deterrence: A
study of young, suburban, middle-class drug dealers. Journal of drug issues, 44(2), pp.212-
230.
Lewis, G., 2013. “An Amorphous Code”: The Ku Klux Klan and Un-Americanism, 1915–
1965. Journal of American Studies, 47(4), pp.971-992.
Thelamour, B. and Johnson, D.J., 2017. Exploring Black immigrants’ and nonimmigrants’
understanding of “acting Black” and “acting White”. Journal of Black Psychology, 43(3),
pp.280-304.