Biology Assignment: Exploring Biological Macromolecules and Enzymes

This biology assignment solution covers key biological concepts, including the identification and function of various macromolecules. The assignment begins by addressing specific questions related to carbohydrates like glycogen and glucose, including their structure and the enzymes involved in their breakdown. It then proceeds to categorize and describe the different types of macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, along with their respective roles in the human body. The solution provides detailed information on the importance of molecules like glucose, glycogen, estrogen, fats, keratin, and enzymes like amylase, offering insights into their biological functions, including energy provision, structural support, and regulation of biochemical processes. The assignment also briefly touches on the composition and function of other macromolecules such as cellulose, phospholipids, and DNA. The content is a valuable resource for students looking to enhance their understanding of key biological concepts and their applications.

Running head: BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
Question 1
If hydrolyzed, glycogen would be represented by the letter ‘A’.
Question 2
The letter ‘C’ represents the monosaccharide.
Question 3
The monosaccharide in the diagram is named as ‘pentose’.
Question 4
Approximately 8 to 12 covalent bonds with glucose units would be required in the form
of α(1 -> 4) and α(1 -> 6) linkages).
Question 5
Saliva contains an enzyme known as ptyalin or alpha-amylase. This enzyme is secreted
by the salivary glands during the production of saliva when food enters the mouth. The function
of this enzyme is to hydrolyze or breakdown starch or complex carbohydrates in the food to
simple sugars and dextrins. For this reason, starchy foods like bread, when kept in the mouth,
begins to taste sweet since the amylase in the saliva starts breaking down the complex
carbohydrates present inside to simple sugars.
Question 6
 Glucose, Type of Macromolecule: Carbohydrate, Function: provides energy in the
form of ATP to the body and is the only source of energy for the brain.

2BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
 Glycogen, Type of Macromolecule: Carbohydrate, Function: polysaccharide used for
energy storage.
 Estrogen, Type of Macromolecule: Lipid, Function: growth and development of
reproductive system, sexual organs and secondary features of sexual development.
 Fats, Type of Macromolecule: Lipid, Function: provides stored energy for starvation
management, regulates healthy nervous system and cerebral functioning.
 Keratin, Type of Macromolecule: Protein, Function: strength to skin, hair and nails.
 Glucose, Type of Macromolecule: Carbohydrate, Function: provides energy in the
form of ATP to the body and is the only source of energy for the brain.
 Proteins, hormones, enzymes, Type of Macromolecule: Proteins, Function: regulates
chemical reactions.
 Hemoglobin, Type of Macromolecule: Protein, Function: transports oxygen and
nutrients throughout the body.
 Insulin, Type of Macromolecule: Protein, Function: Regulates levels of blood sugar in
the body.
 Antibodies, Type of Macromolecule: Protein, Function: helps with the immune system.
 Carbon, Type of Macromolecule: Carbohydrates, Function: molecules that releases a
form of energy.
 Cellulose, Type of Macromolecule: Carbohydrates, Function: structural material in
plant cell wall.
 Phospholipids, Type of Macromolecule: Lipids, Function: structural material of cell
membrane in animals.

3BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
 DNA, Type of Macromolecule: Nucleic acids, Function: contains genetic and
hereditary information in the cell of an organism.