Comprehensive Analysis of Technology Transfer in Malaysia

This report provides a detailed analysis of technology transfer in Malaysia, examining its implementation across universities, the government, and private sectors. The report explores the preferred modes of technology transfer, such as intra-firm transfer and joint ventures, and the factors that facilitate these processes, including transfer objects, mechanisms, intellectual property rights, absorptive capacity, and support structures. It also delves into the challenges and issues faced by each sector, including balancing security and openness, developing IT architecture, and managing security policies. Furthermore, the report highlights the current progress and strategic approaches adopted by the government and private sectors to foster technological innovation and knowledge dissemination. The analysis covers aspects like communication, distance, and motivation within the private sector, and the impact of FDIs and strategic technologies by the government to achieve its business goals. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of technology transfer in Malaysia.

Running head: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Table of Contents
PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN UNIVERSITY...............................................2
Answer to Question 1:.....................................................................................................2
Answer to Question 2:.....................................................................................................2
Answer to Question 3:.....................................................................................................4
Answer to Question 4:.....................................................................................................6
PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BY GOVERNMENT..........................................6
Answer to Question 4:.....................................................................................................6
Answer to Question 2:.....................................................................................................7
Answer to Question 3:.....................................................................................................7
Answer to Question 4:.....................................................................................................8
PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BY PRIVATE SECTORS..................................8
Answer to Question 1:.....................................................................................................8
Answer to Question 2:.....................................................................................................9
Answer to Question 3:...................................................................................................10
Answer to Question 4:...................................................................................................10
References..........................................................................................................................11

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PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN UNIVERSITY
Answer to Question 1:
Intra firm technology transfer mode is more preferable for the technology transfer in
Universities of Malaysia. This method is mostly preferred over all other methods as it allows the
universities of Malaysia to open various subsidiaries around their operating boundaries. This
method also allow the university in their business growth and it also assists the organization to
operate efficiently. The university needs the technology transfer to develop the business at each
stage of the business operation. Various collaborations are generated among the researchers and
various universities to advance the knowledge in some specific field of technology. These
particular collaborations can lead to sponsored or licensed research opportunities which can be
beneficial for both the partners.
Answer to Question 2:
The various factors that facilitate the technology transfer in universities are as follows:
 Transfer object: The transfer object in the technology transfer method is the
entity or the element that is to be transferred from one client to another. The
object in the technology transfer method is displayed as the knowledge of the
university. This factor allows the clients to know the process design and basic
knowledge regarding the entity to be transferred.
 Transfer Mechanism: The technology transfer mechanism varies on the basis of
the situation. There are various modes of technology transfer in university but the
appropriate one is selected on the basis of the situation of the university and the
researcher. It also depends on the transfer object. The various modes can be

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licensing, spinoffs, joint venture, contract research and monitoring of the
operations.
 Intellectual Property rights: The intellectual property defines or contains many
small elements in it such as human capital, relation capital and structural capital.
The scientific knowledge is defined as the intellectual capital. The intellectual
property needs to be secured by various methods. These methods are applied on
the basis of the intellectual operations and the origin of the intellectual property
(from where the intellectual property is arising). The intellectual property can be
various forms like utility models, patents, copyrights, non – statutory rights and
trademarks. Appropriate spinoffs is considered by proper monitoring of the patent
decisions or violations on the alternative routes of the research commercialization
and negotiations with the industry partners. The small higher education institutes
highly depend on the external IPR management because of the complexity in the
IPR management.
 Absorptive Capacity: This is defined as the transcending drawbacks that are
imposed by the existing inventions. This factors helps the University of Malaysia
to maintain abreast of innovative technologies and thus benefits the institutes with
some better commercial success. The importance of implementations f the
technological opportunities in the institutes rely on their capacity of implementing
the scientific knowledge arising from the academic research as well as modify
academic research. This particular factor is also defined as the ability of the
institutes to utilize the external knowledge as well as the concerned technology.

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 Support Structure: This factor is essential to help the research group for
adopting the challenges of the technology transfer method. This factor also
supports the technological transfer operations in the higher institutions. The
support structures can of various forms such as incubators, industry liaison offices
and technology transfer offices.
Answer to Question 3:
There are various issues regarding the technology transfer in the universities of Malaysia
like:
 Balancing the agility, security and openness of the university: The University
overlook various security measures during the technology transfer mechanism.
The operations should be handled to some experienced and trust people such that
all data can be kept secured. The data should not be misused as it contains very
sensitive information regarding the student, officials and the administrative
information.
 Development of the enterprise IT architecture responsible to change the condition
as well as develop new opportunities for the university: The University tries to
implement new technological opportunities in the technological transfer
mechanism which can be cost them highly as it is surrounded with many
vulnerable threats. The technology transfer method helps the university to
implement new technological opportunities but it needs higher officials or more
educated officials for handling the whole process of technological transfer. This
allow the university to change the existing operating condition within the
organization.

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 Development of the cloud, digital and mobile security policies: The technology
transfer method involves many security policies within it as it concerned with
many data and this should be maintained properly. The handling of the transfer
method should be done with proper care. Some critical steps should be taken in
case of any violation in the security policies of the university.
 Providing user support: The new technology transfer method should be discussed
and should be guided with every officials associated with the university such that
proper maintenance and handling of the technology opportunities takes place
within the organization. The user support should be provided such that in case of
clarification an official can easily justify the errors that are faced by that particular
official.
 Rise in the capacity of IT operation: A well-developed training session should be
provided to the new comers of the organization such that the proper handling of
the IT infrastructure is maintained. The operations should be cleared for new
comer such that the university can overcome all the issues regarding the handling
of the new technology implementations.
 Understanding the IT security value: The understanding of the technological
innovations should be cleared such that the motive of implementation the
technology in the university can help the organization to achieve the business
goals.
 Developing the student results by various approaches which leverages the
technology

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 Improving the IT fund models which helps to sustain the core business operation
and the support of the organization.
 Optimizing the utilization of technology in the field of education and learning.
 Retaining and hiring the highly qualified staff for developing the existing
operation management
Answer to Question 4:
Malaysia is the emerging Asian economy which is driven by various technology and hi-
tech production based structures. The fast technological growth of the universities of the
Malaysia over the past three decades has highly impact the developed and developing economy.
Malaysia contains a huge opportunity to formulate its own technological innovations strategy
depending on the NIE (Newly Industrializing Economies) with proper implementation of the
technology for accommodating uniqueness in the continental economy. Malaysia is considered to
import wholesale technological development model than other NIEs.
PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BY GOVERNMENT
Answer to Question 4:
The preferred mode of technology transfer method that should be implemented by the
Government of Malaysia is the Joint venture method because it implies mutual management,
assets, profit sharing, services, marketing, co – production and risks. This helps the government
to maintain a long term cooperation among the two parties, motivation of all the clients by
successful transfer of the technology. This allow four opportunities for the government of
Malaysia such as: helps in creating a new market, helps to achieve operation scale, helps to share

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the risk such that it can be overcome by both the parties and lastly to access the capabilities and
skills of both the parties.
Answer to Question 2:
Government focusing on the FDIs can develop the technology and knowledge transfer
method. The FDI literature describes the host nation should focus on the high quality FDI. High
quality FDI is also can be described as the value added with the positive spillovers and linkages.
The international business research cannot target only on the industry conditions or capabilities.
Many developing economies contain low governance regimes with some inadequate disclosure
as well as fragile contract enforcement. The interaction among the cross cultural and the cross
functional elements from the international and domestic sources also can develop the
institution’s capacitive values. Dysfunctional institutional layout like informal and formal norms
also affect the technology transfer by the Government. Thus all identified factors play a major
role in the techn ology transfer by the Government.
Answer to Question 3:
There are various issues regarding the technology transfer by the government. These
various issues are as follows:
 Risky as well as costly
 Unethical competition
 People alignment for the innovative technology
 Various Environmental issues
 Infringement
 Loss of the important individuals due to lack of the skills

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 High Patent Cost
 Adherence of the time Schedule
 Mind – set
 Uncurtaining in the Results as well as Long gestation period
Answer to Question 4:
The technology transfer by the Government of Malaysia have emerged various strategies
for identifying and act upon the identified strategic technologies. Without those strategic sources
the implementation of the innovative technologies by the Government would be less impressive
and thus it seems to be more effective and deficient due to the various strategic sources identified
byb the Government of the Malaysia. The existing and the remaining technology are equally
important as the new technological innovations but they are sufficient to help the organization to
meet its business goals. Thus the strategic technology transfer with the implementation of new
technology help the Government of Malaysia to maintain a seamless business operation. The
technology transfer method used by the Government involves many important as well as
sensitive information of many clients and thus needs to be secured strongly to avoid any type of
compliance. More concerted as committed efforts are required to strengthen the sources such that
the result or the outcome can be beneficial for the citizen of the domestic people of the Malaysia.
PART 1: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BY PRIVATE SECTORS
Answer to Question 1:
The most preferred technology transfer mode for various industry or private sectors of
Malaysia is the intra firm technology transfer mode. This method is mostly preferred over all
other methods as it allows the private sectors of Malaysia to open various regional offices around

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their operating boundaries. This method also allow the industry or the private organization to
achieve its business goals by assisting the organization in their respective operation management.
The various private sectors need the technology transfer to develop the business at each stage of
the business operation. Collaborations are required to be produced among the two clients for
advancing the knowledge in some specific field of the technology. These collaboration help to
sponsor or license various technological opportunities that can impact positively for the
concerned private sector.
Answer to Question 2:
The various factors in technology transfer of the private sectors of Malaysia are as
follows:
 Communication: An appropriate communication lead to a successful technology transfer
by the private sector of Malaysia. Passive communication is mostly preferred over the
interactive communication as the passive communication are basically based on the
media and it always focus on high or numerous number of audience that can help the
organization to involve more people in their organization.
 Distance: Distance can be of two type physical as well as cultural proximity. The most
important distance factor is the cultural separation as it helps to predict whether the
communication within the boundary will be encouraged or facilitated.
 Equivocality: it is defined as the degree or level of the concreteness of technology and
knowledge that is to be transferred within the organization.
 Motivation: This factor involves the knowledge regarding the importance of the
technology and knowledge transfer within the organization of the Malaysia.

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Answer to Question 3:
The various issues regarding the technology transfer by the organization of Malaysia are
as follows:
 Defense Offsets
 Relevance as well as depth
 International Status
 Capability of the Malaysian Industry
 Licensing Issues
 Industrial Returns
 Understanding of the Multiplier Factor
Answer to Question 4:
Malaysia is the emerging Asian economy which is driven by various technology and hi -
tech production based structures. The fast technological growth of the universities of the
Malaysia over the past three decades has highly impact the developed and developing economy.
Malaysia contains a huge opportunity to formulate its own technological innovations strategy
depending on the NIE (Newly Industrializing Economies) with proper implementation of the
technology for accommodating uniqueness in the continental economy. Malaysia is considered to
import wholesale technological development model than other NIEs.

11TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
References