Management Accounting Report: Financial Analysis for QBIC Hotel

This report provides a comprehensive overview of management accounting, focusing on its application within the hospitality sector, specifically using the example of QBIC Hotel. The report begins by explaining the core principles of management accounting, including cost accounting, job costing, batch costing, price optimization, and inventory management systems. It then details the differences between financial and management accounting, highlighting their distinct purposes and users. The report proceeds to explore various accounting reports, such as job cost reports, accounts receivable aging, and budgetary reports, emphasizing their importance in providing financial insights. A key component of the report involves calculating and comparing income statements using both marginal and absorption costing methods, illustrating their impact on profit calculations. The report also discusses the merits and demerits of planning tools and how management accounting systems can be utilized to solve financial problems within the hospitality context. The analysis includes calculations for the QBIC hotel and provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P 1 Explaining management accounting system and its essential types................................1
P 2 Explaining methods of accounting reports.......................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P 3 Calculation cost and income statement on the basis of marginal and absorption costing
and their differences...............................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P 4 Explaining Merits and demerits of planning tools...........................................................7
P 5 use of management accounting system to solve financial problems..............................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management accounting system deals with the internal operations of business. With the
help of various reports such as budgets, inventory managements and costing the managerial
professional will be able to make estimation about expected expenses. These accounting systems
will help in generating innovative ideas to control the cost expended over a particular task. In
this present report, to understand managerial accounting there will be use of various budgetary
reports and cost accounting. Report will also depict the manner through which QBIC hotel would
become able to assess income marginal and absorption costing. Hence, in this report discussion
will be made on the wide range of managerial accounting tools that can be used in the hospitality
sector.
TASK 1
P 1 Explaining management accounting system and its essential types
Management accounting assists managers in acquiring detailed information on monetary
terms regarding internal activities of organisation. Thus, management accounting will help in
measuring the internal operations of business such as sales, profit and investments made by
managers (Turner, 2014). It will be fruitful for them in making estimation regarding costs will be
required in coming time to meet the operational needs of entity. With the help of management
accounting the professionals of QBIC would become able to make corrective decisions regarding
innovative changes in operational aspect of business.
Cost accounting: It will be described as calculating the cost used in producing products
such as labour, machinery, purchase of raw material as well as the time consumed in
manufacturing the products (Kerzner, 2013). A part form manufacturing and producing a unit,
the cost can be estimated for the other operational tasks of the QBIC hotel such as cost occurred
on selling and distribution, infrastructural development, employee salary as well as requirement
of the number of workforce at various departments.
Job costing: It helps in making estimation of the expenses iccurred on the particular
tasks or job. By using this accounting tool managers at QBIC hotel would be able to make the
estimation of the amount required by particular job (Burke, 2013). Likewise there will be need to
recruit number of workers for the particular area like in kitchen and restaurant side of the hotel
were the need of chef, waiters, cleaners arises. Salary and wages to be paid to them as per their
skills and the job they are performing.
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Batch costing: Cost required for the completions of the particular batch or unit will be
measured by the firm by using such tool (Leach, 2014). It includes measuring the expenses such
as requirements of the labour force in completion of a unit operation. In batch costing, figure
will be analysed as per the operations made for the particular operations. This in turn helps
manager in estimating the requirements of finance for such activities.
Price optimisation: This management accounting techniques helps the managers in
making the estimation about the price required by the particular product or services. It can also
be analysed on the basis of consumer preference for the prices (Boud, Cohen and Sampson, eds.,
2014). QBIC managers will be able to make beneficial decisions regarding choices of clients
such as price variations as per size of room they took for rest. It will be fruitful for them in
implementing the favourable prices as per quality of services needed by buyers.
Inventory management system: It helps managers in making the proper quota or
budgets for managing inventory. There will be requirements of various technical tools such as
warehouse, refrigerator as well as devices to make the proper storage of goods. QBIC will
require adequate number of staff to take look over requirements of inventory as well as quality of
goods (Meredith, Mantel Jr and Shafer, 2013). They must be concerned about the use of the best
quality ingredients in meal preparation in kitchen area as well as other areas of operational
requirements by the business. There must be determination of stock management, measurement
of inventory turnover ratio as well as the control system.
Principles of management accounting system
This technique will be fruitful in analysing the internal strength of the organisation.
Managers at QBIC will be helpful with this tool so they can make decisions and take corrective
actions to overcome any problem. It will be beneficial in analysing cost to be utilised to achieve
the targeted goals (Heagney, 2016). Cost incurred on developing the infrastructural facilities will
be analysed by the managers such as, reconstruction, renovation etc. It also describes the ability
of entity to meet the expected future cost requirements. Decisions made by the organisational
heads by analysing the various filed of activities with the main consideration of consumer’s
satisfaction. In hospitality sector there is need to have adequate services for the buyers as they
will be satisfied with the services provided to them. There must be trained employees as well as
accountants who will keep the records of all the transactions held in the premises.
Difference between financial and management accounting
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BASIS FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
Meaning Analysing the financial
strength of the organisation
with the help of various
financial tools
Measuring the internal strength
of the firm as well as providing
the informations regarding cost
requirements
Tools Income statements, cash flow
statement
Cash budgets, sales budgets,
cost budgeting
Uses For macro environment
dealings
For improving internal
strength of business
Benefits Helps in generating funds from
investors and increases sales
Helps in controlling the cost
over activities
Users of information Stakeholders such as
shareholders, consumers,
investors etc.
Accounting professionals,
managers, board or directors
P 2 Explaining methods of accounting reports
The accounting reports are prepared by the firm to fetch the adequate information’s
regarding internal operations of the organisation. There must be use of various reports which will
help the managers of QBIC in making the corrective estimation that will be fruitful in the future
(Mir. and Pinnington, 2014). These reports are essential part of management accounting as it
facilitates managers with actual monetary strength and capacity of firm to meet the requirement
of expenses in the upcoming time. There will be use of various reports.
Job cost report: The estimations can be made on the basis of cost utilised on the job or a
particular department in the completion of tasks. There will be various kinds of operations held
in QBIC so the managers must be knowledgeable with the requirements of the finance in
particular tasks (Gido and Clements, 2014). It helps them in analysing the requirements of funds
in completions of expected tasks such as purchase and sales of essential goods as well as
improvements in the services.
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Accounts receivable aging: This technique will be helpful for managers in making
estimation over the accounts recoverable of organisation. It provides information regarding the
unpaid creditors of the QBIC as well as helps the managers in overcoming such invoices
(Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). These accounting tool contains all the records of cash memos
that will help organisations in making m\payments of the which memo is due.
Inventory management: Requirements of the adequate amount of stock is the necessity
of QBIC. It shows that ability of the organisation in meeting the adequate amount of goods in as
per the requirements. In the hospitality sector there will be requirement of the optimum volume
of stock (Shields and Rangarajan, 2013). Thus, this accounting tool will be fruitful in maintain
the records of all the transactions such as the receiving the goods with proper details such as
quality, quality and prices. Inputs of the material or ingredients must contain the necessary
information’s on it as it will be easily discoverable and an individual can make good use of it. It
includes record of all the goods and services which are provided to consumers. It helps managers
in maintaining favourable records that can help the managers in making the adequate records.
Budgetary report: It includes reports of cash budgets, sales budgets, purchase budgets as
well as requirements of the labour and workforce for the completion of the tasks. Managers of
QBIC will be beneficial with the help of these reports (Sears and et.al., 2015). It provides the
necessary information’s regarding expenses to be done by the managers in fulfilling the
requirements of such tasks. Budgets need to be prepared as to fix the limit or quota in which
business will make the expenses.
M 1 Evaluating the benefits of management accounting systems their application over QBIC
QBIC organization will be benefited with the use of all the management accounting
system such as budgetary reports, costings and inventory management systems. These methods
facilitate valuable analysis of the costs and expenses by organization. Managers or the
supervisors of firm will be benefited with such tools as they can be able to plan the foretasted
budgets for the particular operations.
D 1 Critically evaluating the managemsdnt accounting system and reporting methods
Management accounting system facilitates the professionals of the organization in
analyzing the financial or intranet economic condition. It helps in gaining the information related
with the firm's ability to meet the short and long term debts. Thus, management accounting
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reporting helps the managers getting the information related with QBIC's loopholes in the
operating years.
TASK 2
P 3 Calculation cost and income statement on the basis of marginal and absorption costing and
their differences
Income statement of QBIC (Marginal costing):
Particulars Amount £ Amount £
Sales over production 700* 35 21000
Cost over production 700*13 9100
Less: Closing inventory 100*13 -1300
Variable cost 7800
Contribution (per unit) 13200
Less: variable selling overheads 1*600 600
Less: FC
Production overheads 2000
Selling fixed cost 600
Administrative fixed cost 700 3900
Profit earned 9300
Interpretation: Inthe above calculation marginal costing technique has been used to
assess profit. This method furnishes information regarding the profit will be earned by Qbic over
cost or expenses. It this tool the variable costs are to be deducted at very first than there will be
calculations made for the other measurements. In the case of selling 700 units at 35 of the rate
concerned figure will account for 21000 respectively. The cost of production will be shown in
the working note calculate at 700 of unit at rate of 13. Completion of following calculations the
profits can be generated by organisation at 9300.
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Income statement of QBIC (Absorption costing)
Particulars Amount (in £) Amount (in £)
Sales (700*35) 21000
Less: production cost (700*16) 11200
Closing inventory (100*16) -1600
Less: fixed overheads over
production
-100
Production cost 9500
GP 11500
Less: variable overheads
(sales) 1*600
600
Less: fixed costs
Selling costs 600
Administrative cost 700 1900
Profit earned 9600
Interpretation: As per the income statement of QBIC on the basis of absorption costing
method the fixed production cost will be deducted before the deductions of variable overheads
such as sells and administration. The cost of production will be measured on the 700 units at rate
of 16 as well as the remaining inventory 100 unit at 16 of the rate will be deducted. The gross
profit can be earned by hotel as 11500. There will be deduction of variable and fixed overheads
after GP and which bring the profit of 9600.
WORKING NOTES:
W1
Fixed production overhead rate (absorption=
OAR)
1800/600 = 3 (UNIT)
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W2
Production cost Marginal cost Absorption cost
Direct labour 5 5
Variable overheads 2 2
Direct material 6 6
Production overheads (fixed) 0 3
Cost (UNIT) 13 16
W3
Overhead absorption
Overhead actual production 2000
Overhead Absorbed production 3*700 2100
Differences between Marginal and absorption costing:
Calculations made at above statements by using both the methods with the differences in
the profit balances. There will be variation in the profit earned in both techniques such as
marginal costing has the balance of 9300 and absorption costing has 9600. QBIC hotel will be
benefited if they follow absorption technique for preparation of the income statements (Meaning
of Marginal Costing, 2017). Hence, by considering the overall evaluation, it can be presented
that business unit should consider absorption costing system rather than marginal. Moreover,
absorption costing system considers both fixed as well as variable cost and thereby present
suitable view of financial.
M 2 Applying the rage of management accounting technique as well as producing the reports.
There has been use of various accounting techniques which helps in analyzing the costs
of QBIC such as marginal and absorption costing. These are two method which used in
analyzing the profit earning through their different techniques of calculations. Here, the most
profitable balance is shown by absorption costing technique which is 9600.
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D 2
To,
The general manager,
(QBIC)
sir,
it is to informed you that the analysis can be made over the given data and the use of
various costing techniques such as marginal and absorption. There has been changes in the
profitability of both the methods. Marginal costing has the balance of 9300 while the absorption
costing has the balance for 9600. It can be said the organization need to follow the absorption
costing technique as it will be fruitful for the operating activities as well as it produces the
favorable outcomes.
Management accounting officer
(QBIC)
TASK 3
P 4 Explaining Merits and demerits of planning tools
By using the below mentioned tools and techniques manager of Qbic hotel can develop highly
effectual plan such as:
Cash budget: It follows the method at which managers of the organisation can make the
estimation about the cash will be received during the certain time frame over the expenses. There
will be need of finance in fulfilling the requirements of cash disbursement and receipts during
the expected period (Sears and et.al., 2015). It is the project where accounting professional of
QBIC will make the favourable decision related with analysing current expenses over various
operations in entity. They make budgeted report with the estimation that there will be growth in
future if they make investments in the particular activity. It helps them in fixing the rates,
quantity and requirements of workforce for such functions.
Advantages:
 Cash budget is the effective tool which helps in identifying its cash inflows and outflows.
This will be helpful for the managers in making the proper estimation regarding
requirements of finance.
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 It contains and provides records related to the receipts and payments made during the
operational activities of the organisation. It helps in controlling the cost expended over production and selling of goods and
services. In the context of Qbic, it will be beneficial for them in executing cost occurred
over providing services to consumers.
Disadvantages:
 For the preparation of these statements there will be need of skilled and talented
professionals, without their help there will be not subjective estimation regarding costs.
 Analysing budget will be very expensive and it will require much time consumption such
as gathering the information and after the decision the estimations were made.
Here is the example of Cash budget:
Activity based budgeting: This method is used for analysing cost of activity in which
the amount of raw material, labour and machine hour were used for the production or delivering
any service (Hwang, and N g, 2013). Thus, it helps the managers of QBIC in analysing expenses
they have made over a particular operation on the basis of cost driver.
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Advantages:
 This technique helps in making accurate estimation on deciding the production cost to be
required in organisational operations.
 It helps in providing the information regarding the cost behaviour of consumers such as
on which services they are highly satisfied with entity. Managers at business will be benefited in making positive and profitable decisions that
helps in attaining the targeted goals.
Disadvantages:
 It cannot be affordable by the small scale units as it requires professionals to make
reports for analysing the costs over each activity held in organisation.
 There will be difficulties in measuring information as there is need to make analysis over
each activity in organisation.
Zero based budgeting: This method of preparing the budget for QBIC which denotes all
the activity starts with the zero value (Lock, 2014). It works as every task in the entity need to be
justified and explained in manners to gain the adequate cost or revenue over such operations.
Advantages:
 It helps managers in acquiring the accurate data as it works as making the changes in the
previously made data. It facilitates identification of opportunities as well as shows most cost efficient ways to
managers in controlling expenses of the firm.
Disadvantages:
 In the completion of this technique there will be requirements of high workforce as well
as much time duration.
 There will obstacle in preparing these budgets as per the requirement of the expertise. It
can be prepared by skilled and experienced accounting professionals.
Sales budget: This budget helps managers of QBIC in making the adequate estimation
regarding future expected sales along with the units (Pemsel and Wiewiora, 2013).
Advantages
 Sales budget helps organisational professionals in making adequate estimation regarding
sales and demand in future for the particulate product or services.
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 It will be fruitful for entity in estimating the future earning through the sales as it shows
the amount of cost will be required by them in the future.
Disadvantages:
 It will not come with the adequate result that there will be increase or decrease in the
coming time. It depends over trends and choices of consumers.
 Organisation will not be sure about getting the returns over their investment in expected
period.
Here is the example of sales budget:
P 5 use of management accounting system to solve financial problems
Financial governance: It indicates the governing body of the organisation such as board
of directors, departmental heads, owners as well as managers of the entity. They have authority
in measuring and planning the financial decisions for QBIC. Decisions made by them must be
accurate and fruitful in the future (Svejvig and Andersen, 2015). They will prepare the budgets
and plan the estimated cost over each project. The role of Governing body of organisation in
functional activity is that they must look towards the requirements of funds, recruitment of
appropriate number of workforce for the completion of activities.
Key performance indicators: Management of the activities as well as motivating the
workforce to make valuable efforts by implementing the rules or target to each operational area
of QBIC. Professionals of organisation must set aims and also motivate their employees to attain
such goals (Gido and Clements, 2014). There will be need make the cost and profit target for the
workers so that helps in making operations within time period. They must be awarded with the
rewards after completion of such tasks. It helps in making the good financial strength as well as
helps in improving the organisational performance.
Budgetary Control: After preparation of budgets over every piece of operation there
will be need of executing the planned budgets. It helps managers in making appropriate decisions
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and they will be able to make changes in their planning (Leach, 2014). It will be fruitful for
QBIC in controlling expenditure over tasks and they can use such amount other fruitful activities
as well as make savings for the future.
Benchmarking: Benchmarking will be fruitful for the organisation in making the small
targets, these will motivate the workforce in attaining it. Managers at QBIC need to set aims
regarding good quality work at each activity. Every piece of work will be done as per the
expectations as well as with full efforts (Heagney, 2016). It will be beneficial for them in
completion of work before the time or deadline. Planning the milestones of efforts will make it
easy for firms in assessing the deviations and thereby helps in taking strategic action within the
suitable time frame.
M 3 Analysing the use of various planning tools
There has been use of various planning tools such as bench-marking, KPI, budgetary
control, financial governance which facilitate the favorable decision making or the managers at
QBIC. These will be fruitful for the managers in analyzing the performance and efficiency of the
organization as well as the employees. They can make various strategies that will come up with
the fruitful outcomes.
D 3 Evaluating Importance of planning tool in financial problem solving:
Planning tools helps in making accurate decisions by managers of QBIC. Thus, it
indicates the actual performance of the organization while regularly updating the report to the
users of such information. Bench-marking and the performance indicators helps the managers in
achieving the small targets and as well as increase their efficiency to work.
M 4 Management accounting helps the organisation in the sustainable growth:
Adequate results with help of authenticated information used in the management
accounting systems so, it can be said that managers or the operational heads of QBIC will be
benefited in having the sustainable growth in the future. The quick and favorable solutions can
be made by the organizational heads as per the report which are frequently presented to them.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been articulated that management accounting tool helps in
improving the internal strength of the organisation as well as provoke the workforce in making
valuable efforts for the attainments of targets. As per the above assessment managers at QBIC
will get benefit from various accounting tools such as absorption costing, budgeting. Moreover,
12

it gives input to the managers and helps them in making plan about the financial requirements for
the completion of such tasks. With the use of these techniques accounting professionals of entity
will be fruitful in estimating the costs for the future operations. Costing techniques such as
marginal and absorption helps the managers to choose an appropriate method for the future.
Profit can be earned by hotel by using the absorption costing at 9600 which shows that such
technique will be suitable for firm regarding decision-making.
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REFERENCES
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