Management Accounting Application & Financial Report for Tech UK

This report provides a detailed analysis of management accounting principles and their application within Tech UK. It covers essential requirements of a management accounting system, including cost accounting, job costing, and price optimizing systems. The report presents financial information, evaluates the benefits of management accounting systems, and critically evaluates their integration within organizational processes. It includes cost calculations using marginal and absorption costing techniques to prepare an income statement. Different kinds of budgets and the budget preparation process are discussed, emphasizing the importance of budgeting for planning and control. The report also explains how the Balanced Scorecard approach can be used to respond to financial problems and compares it to other management accounting approaches. The analysis aims to demonstrate how management accounting can lead organizations to sustainable success by effectively responding to financial challenges.

Management accounting
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................5
a) Explanation of management accounting and the essential requirements of management
accounting system........................................................................................................................5
b) Presenting financial information.............................................................................................7
M1 Evaluate the benefits of management accounting systems and their application within an
organizational context..................................................................................................................9
D1 Critically evaluates how management accounting systems and management accounting
reporting is integrated within organizational processes.............................................................10
Task 2.............................................................................................................................................11
a) Calculate costs using appropriate techniques of cost analysis to prepare an income statement
using marginal and absorption costs..........................................................................................11
M2 Accurately apply a range of management accounting techniques and produce appropriate
financial reporting documents...................................................................................................13
D2 Produce financial reports that accurately apply and interpret data for a range of business
activities.....................................................................................................................................14
Task 3:...........................................................................................................................................15
a) Different kinds of budgets and their advantages and disadvantages.....................................15
b) The budget preparation process including determination of pricing and different costing
systems that can be used............................................................................................................16
c) The importance of budget as a tool for planning and control purposes................................17
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M3 You will need to analyze the use of the different planning tools and their application for
preparing and forecasting budgets.............................................................................................18
Task 4:...........................................................................................................................................19
Explain ways to which the Balanced Scorecard approach suggested by the auditors can be
used to respond its financial problem and compare this approach to another management
accounting approach used in another organization of your choice............................................19
M4 Analyse how, in responding to financial problems, management accounting can lead
organizations to sustainable success..........................................................................................20
D3 Evaluate how planning tools for accounting respond appropriately to solving financial
problems to lead to sustainable success.....................................................................................21
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................22
References......................................................................................................................................23
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Introduction
In the business there is the need to perform all of the operations in the most effective manner and
for that proper information and plan will be required. This will be carried with the help of
management accounting as there are systems which can be used for this purpose. There will be
use of various tools and techniques by which it will be possible for Tech UK to make the
required decisions in most effective manner. The planning will be done and also the income
statement in relation to the company will be prepared in the report. All of the issues will be
undertaken with the help of the approaches and techniques available by bringing them in use and
all this will be discussed below.
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Task 1
a) Explanation of management accounting and the essential requirements of management
accounting system.
Management accounting is the essential requirement of all the businesses as in this various
processes will be undertaken such as collection, analyzing, interpretation and identification
which will be assisting management in making of the decisions. This all will be performed with
the help of the principles which are available in this respect (Weygandt, et. al., 2015). There is
the need to consider financial accounting also so that all of the aspects are covered in proper way
and for that difference among them are provided below:
Financial accounting Management accounting
The main accounts which will be managed in
this will be all related to the financial aspects.
Under this all of the information will be taken
into use so that all the decisions are made
appropriately.
The company will be making the reports which
will be used by the outside parties so that
proper investment decisions are made by them.
The reports in this will be used for the internal
purpose only by the managers of the company.
There will be specified format which will be
used and also they are undertaken for a fixed
time period.
There will be no specific format or time limit
which will have to be followed under this.
Decision making by the use of management accounting
Decision making is the important concept of the business as by that only success will be ensured
and for that there is the need to use various tools. This will be made possible with the help of
management accounting as all of the required techniques are available under this. The main
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aspects is the cost which will be covered and for that information will be collected so that it can
be used in the approaches such as target costing, activity based costing and standard costing
(Dong, et. al., 2014). This will then be further utilized in the ascertainment of the best price
which will be providing the company with the required profitability. There are several methods
for this under management accounting such as penetration pricing, cost plus pricing and price
skimming. The budgets will be made which proves to be the plan which can be followed for the
attainment of targets. The company is required to make the improvements and for those
decisions will have to be made and they can be made possible with the help of variance analysis
in which the deviations together with the reason for same are identified and they will be used in
the further process (Ada & Ghaffarzadeh, 2015). All of the above mentioned actions will be
undertaken by the help of the information which will have to be collected by the management by
the use of the various systems which are there and an understanding of the same will be gained
below:
Cost accounting system: The data in relation to cost is most essential and that will be collected
by the help of this system. In this all the aspects which are to be noted in this respect will be
considered and for that various methods are there which will be taken into use. By the help of
them accurate cost will be determined by the company. Tech UK can undertake actual costing if
they believe in realistic accounting as all of the actual values will be used under this. The targets
are required to be achieved and this will be made possible when the cost will be ascertained by
the use of the standards that is performed in standard costing. A combination of both is covered
in normal costing in which direct expenses are taken in actual terms and the overheads will be
incorporated by the help of standards.
Job costing: The Company will be required to calculate the cost in relation to various jobs which
are undertaken in the business. There are several methods which can be used under it and this
will be including the process costing in which all of the processes which are performed will be
considered and the cost will be calculated. The contracts which are made by the company will be
valued by the use of contract costing in which all the activities which will be undertaken in the
contract will be covered (Zaleha Abdul Rashid, et. al., 2014). The company carries the
production in batches and for that batch costing will be taken into consideration so that the
identified cost can be allocated among all the units which are produced under that batch.
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Price optimizing system: The profitability of the company is required to be maintained in
appropriate manner and for that the price will have to be set at the best level. There will use of
the several factors under this. One of them is cost which will be used and then certain profit will
be added on that and this will be performed in cost plus pricing. In addition to this there are
several other techniques also which will be used and in them all the market conditions will be
considered. This will be including the skimming and penetration pricing.
b) Presenting financial information.
The company will be required to use all of the data which has been collected in the further
processes and for that it will be required that it shall be reported in the proper manner so that it
can be understood in appropriate manner (Legaspi, 2014). There will be need to make the entries
of the same in the easy manner by which it will be possible for to use it in the best manner. The
main reports that are required to be prepared are as follow:
Various types of reports:
Cost reports: This is required to be prepared in proper manner as the cost related information
will be collected in this and that will be essential in the making of the cost decisions. The cost
will be calculated and the components which are involved in them will be reported under this. By
this it will be possible to make such decisions by which the cost of the business will be reduced.
Budget report: There is the need to make the estimates of the cost and other matters so that
proper operations are performed. This report is prepared as all the estimates are made in this and
they will be provided to all the departments who will be using it in the maintenance of all the
cost and the incomes so that proper results are attained (Amirya, et. al., 2014). All of the
information which is collected will be used in this so that there is no default which is made in the
business.
Variance report: the actual amounts which are there will have to be considered and then they
will be compared with the targets which have been set and by that variations which exist among
them will be determined. There will be the reason which is responsible for the same which will
also be ascertained with the help of this. They all will be considered by the company in the
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making of the budget in the future period by considering them so that the same does not occur
again and there are proper results which will be attained.
Reason to present information in an understandable manner:
The information which has been collected in the above part by the help of the system will be
used by the management of the company in various purposes and for that it will be needed that it
is presented in proper manner. This is because then only the managers will be able to use that in
the required manner. They will be presented in understandable and easy manner so that no
specific need of the skills arises. If the complex process will be used then it will be difficult to
use that in the business and it will not be providing the company with any advantage as they will
not be able to take the appropriate decisions which are very essential.
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M1 Evaluate the benefits of management accounting systems and their application within
an organizational context.
The management accounting is taken into use in the business as there are various benefits which
will be obtained with the help of them. The company will be able to improve the performance as
all of the information needs will be satisfied in proper manner (Edmonds, et. al., 2016). There
will be better decisions making which will be possible and this will help in achieving the targets
and aims which are specified. The company will be able to achieve the increase in profitability as
the overall cost which is incurred in business is reduced.
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D1 Critically evaluates how management accounting systems and management accounting
reporting is integrated within organizational processes.
Tech UK is using the systems and the reports both in the process of management accounting and
this is because they are integrated and will have to be used in combined manner. The use of one
will not be possible without considering the other one. The process of report making will need
the information to be presented and that will be collected by the use of the systems. The
departments of the business will be responsible for providing the required information as they all
will be used so it can be considered that they all are related as the processes which are performed
by them are interrelated and this makes them integrated in company.
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Task 2
a) Calculate costs using appropriate techniques of cost analysis to prepare an income
statement using marginal and absorption costs.
Microeconomic technique:
In the business there are various costs which are incurred and it is require that they are classified
in an appropriate manner so that they can be treated in accordance with same. There will be
direct and indirect cost which will be included in this and that will be taken into account whole
the total cost of the product will be calculated. The fixed variable elements of the cost will be
ascertained in which the amount which will be constant is fixed and others are variable (Aurora,
2013). The variances which are there will be ascertained by the help of variance analysis.
The techniques which the Tech UK will be using in the process of calculation of the cost are as
follows:
Marginal costing: This is the method in which cost will be calculated by the consideration of
the variable component of the cost. They will be taken into use and contribution will be
ascertained and then to identify the profit, fixed cost will be included.
Absorption costing: the allocation of all the costs are carried out under this and by that fixed
expenses are also considered for the units which are related to the current year and this gives rise
to the under or over absorption which is required to be adjusted.
Product costing:
The product cost is to be calculated by considering all the expenses which are incurred in relation
to it. For that there are various approaches which can be used such as standard costing and target
costing. Another is activity based costing in which the cost will be ascertained by considering the
activities which are performed in the business (Hemmer and Labor, 2016). They will be
identified and then allocation is made in accordance with them.
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Cost of inventory:
The inventory of the business is required to be valued in the proper manner and for tat all of the
costs which are incurred on them will be identified. Then the proper method will be used which
can make the stock to be valued appropriately. There are several tools and they included
weighted average, FIFO and LIFO and by that all of the stock which is present will be
considered.
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M2 Accurately apply a range of management accounting techniques and produce
appropriate financial reporting documents.
The reports in the business will be developed by the consideration of various techniques and in
them budgets are made and then to include the changes in them, variance analysis is performed.
All of the changes will be determined and then included in the next budget. The costing methods
are used for the cost related matters and also the reports will have to be made in the required
format.
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D2 Produce financial reports that accurately apply and interpret data for a range of
business activities.
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Task 3:
a) Different kinds of budgets and their advantages and disadvantages
The costs which are incurred in the business are required to be controlled in the business and for
that it is required that there shall be proper plan in this respect. Budget is the method in which all
the costs which are to be incurred will be estimated and in that basis it is made (De Jong, et. al.,
2012). This will be then used in the formulation of the budget.
Various budgets:
Capital budget – The company will be carrying out various capital projects and in them amount
will be required. So it will be required that needed funds shall be ascertained and then they shall
be entered in the budget. By this the amount which is required will be arranged.
Advantages: The issues which are faced in relation to shortage of funds will be avoided as there
will be the proper management due to advance identification of cost.
Disadvantages: The capital project required huge amount in various processes and it is not easy
to ascertain all of them and this required lot of time which makes it time consuming.
Operating budgets – The expenses which are to be made in the business on day to day basis
will be identified and recorded in this budget. There are various needs which will be required to
be met and so they shall be appropriately managed.
Advantage: The Company will be able to carry out the daily operations without any hindrance
as the funds will be available and also the manner in which they are to be performed is also
identified.
Disadvantage: The operations are many and it is not possible to identify all of them and also the
changes which take in then will be difficult to be determined.
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b) The budget preparation process including determination of pricing and different costing
systems that can be used.
The budgets in the business will be prepared with the use of the proper process that is to be
followed by all and that is as follows:
 The activities which are involved in the business will have to be determined in the first
step.
 Then the amount which will be required to be incurred on them will be identified and
estimated (White, 2015).
 The design of the budget will be made and that will be used for the formulation of the
budget in appropriate manner.
 Then the implementation of that will be made and for that it will be required that budget
shall be communicated to all.
The price will have to be determined and the methods and approaches which are to be used for
that are as follows:
Cost-Plus pricing: The company will be using the cost of the product and then by addition a
certain mark up to it the price will be calculated which will be taken form the consumers
(Deliens, et. al., 2016).
Price skimming: The focus under this will be made on the fact that cost is required to be
recovered at the initial stage and so the prices are kept high. One this is done the decline in price
will be made.
The procedure which will be used in the determination of the cost by the Tech UK will be using
all of the below provided methods:
Actual costing: The cost of the product will be calculated by inclusion of all the actual expenses
which have been made by the company.
Standard costing: The targets which have been set by the company will be used so that they can
be added and the total cost is estimated.
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Normal costing: There will be use of both the actuals and standard in this. The actual for the
expenses other than overheads will be taken.
The methods which are to be used in addition to the above explained will be including the batch
costing, process costing and contract costing.
c) The importance of budget as a tool for planning and control purposes.
The budget which is prepared contains the information about the expenses that is to be incurred
as well as the process which is to be followed for any activity. By this it proves to be plan and
will be enhancing the planning process of the business. Also the costs will be maintained in the
limit that is specified and that leads to the proper controlling also.
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M3 You will need to analyze the use of the different planning tools and their application for
preparing and forecasting budgets.
The company will be using several of the planning tools in the making of budget and they will be
considering all the factors by which the business will be affected. The internal aspects which are
there will be included by the use of SWOT analysis. In order to consider the external aspects
there will be techniques such as Pestle and Porter’s five forces which will be taken into use.
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Task 4:
Explain ways to which the Balanced Scorecard approach suggested by the auditors can be
used to respond its financial problem and compare this approach to another management
accounting approach used in another organization of your choice.
The business is carried out to earn the required results but there are some issues which are faced
such as the losses and other fund related problems in which proper governance is not there. To
deal with that approaches are to be used. One of them is balance scorecard in which all the
aspects in relation to business are considered. Tech UK will also be using it and in that the
financial perspective will be looking to the losses and all of the policies and procedures related to
it will be evaluated. The internal processes perspective of the method will be used so that the
processes which are undertaken can be checked to identify that they are performed properly
(Boscia and McAfee, 2014). The customers will be satisfied is they are provided with the
products in accordance with their needs. There will be proper training which will be provided to
the employees and by that they will be dealing with the issues in best manner. All of these will
be followed so that the losses which are faced will be recovered and avoided in the future.
Tech UK will be required to use other techniques also so that they can eliminate the losses
properly. There will be use of the target costing, variance analysis and many such tools which are
available.
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M4 Analyse how, in responding to financial problems, management accounting can lead
organizations to sustainable success.
The company will be required to manage the financial requirements in appropriate manner and
for that all of the issues which are there in relation to it will have to be resolved. There will be
need to set the appropriate policies and practices in this and they will be considered as the
financial governance as the balance will be managed by this. Other tools are as follows:
 Benchmarking: There will be standard policies which will be formulated by considering
the standards of the other entities and industry. By this the company will be able to keep
its position in accordance with the industry average which yields better results.
 Key performance indicators: Under this the company will be setting some incentives
which will be provided to the employees if they meet the required targets (Kucukaltan, et.
al., 2016). By this the performance will be improved.
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D3 Evaluate how planning tools for accounting respond appropriately to solving financial
problems to lead to sustainable success.
The company will be required to manage all the activities and for that management accountant
will be hired. It is required that they shall possess all the skills which are necessary. There shall
be professional knowledge with them and also they shall have the communication skills so that
they can maintain the appropriate coordination. By that all of the issues will be considered and
success will be attained.
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Conclusion
The report which is presented above shows all of the activities and the processes which will be
included in the process of management accounting. There will be the systems and reports which
will be made and all of them are identified. The process which is followed in the making of the
budget together with various budgets has also been explained. The income of the company is
calculated by the use of various methods. The techniques in the resolving of the issues will be
used and all of them are determined and discussed in detail.
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