7BSP1248: The Management Environment Report on USA-China Conflicts

This report delves into the multifaceted conflicts between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, examining their historical roots dating back to 1949 and tracing the evolution of tensions through military engagements, trade wars, and political disputes. It meticulously analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of both countries across military, economic, political, and ideological dimensions, drawing upon Michael Mann's theory of power. The report highlights key issues, such as trade imbalances, technological competition, and the impact of events like the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a comprehensive overview of the dynamic and often adversarial relationship between these two global powers. The analysis includes the evaluation of the management environment and the impact of history and culture on the international management environment.

Management
Environment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Growing conflicts between two countries..............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Strength and weaknesses of two countries.............................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
Books and Journals..........................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................11
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................11
Understand the support services and the options for delivery that are typically provided in
facilities management...........................................................................................................11
1.1Describe a typical range of services which may be encompassed within facilities
management in all sectors of the private, public and not-for-profit economy.....................11
1.2 Explain the different options for delivery of support services.......................................12
1.3 Explain the cost effectiveness of the various delivery options.......................................14
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................15
2.1 Describe ways of identifying the requirements of the user.......................................15
2.2 Explain how support services are managed and monitored to ensure that they meet
required standards.............................................................................................................17
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................18
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
There are a number of conflicts going on between various countries in the world. These
conflicts may result in armed conflicts which is armed force between two or more countries
involved in various conflicts or wars (Foster and McChesney, 2017). There are a number of such
countries in world which indulge in various trade conflicts as well. In the following report the
conflicts between United States of America and the People’s Republic China is discussed. United
States of America is a country which covers 50 states in North America, Alaska and Hawaii.
China which is also officially the People’s Republic of China is a country situated in East Asia
with around a population of 1.4 billion. It covers approximately 9,600,000 km² and is the third or
fourth largest country in the world by area. In the following report discussions are made on
various conflicts between USA and China. Along with it the strengths and weaknesses of both
the countries are also assist in the following report.
TASK 1
Growing conflicts between two countries
The conflict between USA and China goes far back to 1949. When Chinese Communist
party established People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949 the national government of
Chiang Kai-shek was defeated. When United States backed up Japanese for World War II
against China or the origin of conflicts between China and United States started then.
In 1950 Soviet North Korea and South Korea went for war. Where on the one hand China
supported North the US and UN supported South Korean troops. A number of people were killed
during this war.
In 1964 October China joint nuclear club. They conducted their first atomic bomb. The
conflicts over Vietnam were created between China and United states of America then.
When taking the trade wars into consideration between United States and China these are
the two largest economies of world. In 1984 United States was third largest trading partner with
China where is china was 14th largest with that of America (Jaeger, and et. al., 2020). However
the imports in US from China doubled within five years in 1996 to 2001. With China joining
World Trade Organisation in 2001 it was given the most favoured nation. Clinton was optimistic
about the agreement as it was fair enough. He was happy that the American products could be

imported in China and there was no force to relocate the manufacturing to China by the Chinese
government. This also let the transfer of valuable technology to China invalid.
Another issue arises in 2001 when a US plane collided with Chinese fighter plane and 24
members of United States crew were detained for 12 days in China. On visit to Asia the US Vice
President Dick Cheney mentioned that the military buildup in China is not consistent and due to
this the Chinese government raised to the spending on military by 18%. This helps them in
providing better training to their soldiers.
In 2008 China was the highest creditor of US. Due to this growing interdependence of
economies of US and China the financial crisis threatened the global economy (Syed Alwi and
et. al., 2018). The clear imbalances in economic crisis of US and China were concerned by the
whole world.
In year 2010 China surpassed Japan to be the second largest economy of world and they
also made reports which mentioned that they will be the first largest overtaking United States by
the year 2027.
By 2012 trade tensions started rising between United States and China. The deficit of
China with US trade rise up to 273.1 billion $ in 20 and10 to 295.5 billion $ in 2011. This is
when United States, the European Union and Japan filed a request with World Trade
Organisation to restrict the export of various rare earth metals to China. China was then forced to
move and relocate the multinational firms using such metals and that is when they vowed to
defend all the rights of disputes in trade.
In the year 2013 the President of United States Barack Obama hosted a summit for
Chinese President and they pledged to cooperate effectively through pressing bilateral, regional
and global issues which also included the change in climate.
In 2014 five Chinese hackers were found guilty of stealing technologies from United
States company. The United States blamed Chinese hackers behind online breach of data around
22 million current and federal employees of state (He, Kilgour and Hipel, 2017).
In the reign of Trump he announced tariffs on Chinese imports which were at least worth
$50 billion. Also White House reported Chinese of theft of technology from US as well as their
intellectual property. Tariffs were imposed on a number of products from China such as
electronics, shoes and clothing. In retaliation China also imposed various range of products of
United States which raised tensions of trade wars between these two countries.

Trump then finalised $34 billion worth of Chinese goods under new tariffs. The
televisions and medical devices were also imposed with 25% of import tax. Retaliating this
China also imposed taxes on more than 500 products from United States (Baker, and et. al.,
2020) . This included seafood, dairy, beef and soya beans. China also blamed United States for
ripping off and taking advantage of trade rules. They called it rate bullying in a number of
instances.
In December 2018 the chief financial officer of Chinese telecom and electronics company
Huwaei situated in Canada was arrested on the request from US. He was arrested on violating the
sanctions of trade against Iran. In retaliation China detained two of Canadian citizens under their
national security. This was the arrest due to serious political incidents and it led to unbiased trade
wars.
In 2019 also the trade war intensified between two countries as the imposed tariffs on
imported goods were increased by both the countries. Trump also banned the US ministries and
companies from using China-based technologies for telecommunication as mentioned to be a
threat to national security. This was the motive and in order to blacklist Huwaei from foreign
entity.
Due to the pandemic of coronavirus in 2020 the US President Trump banned all the
residents from China from entering the states of United States. This was because the first cases
were reported in China. Both of these countries have been blaming each other for bringing
COVID-19 in their states from then on. Trump however blames world health organisation to be
biased for China and also have mentioned that he will hold the United States funding is for the
world health organisation.
The states how from 1949 onwards the conflicts between China and United States of
America rising. There are various conflicts regarding military wars from trade wars. And in
current situation the major conflict is due to the pandemic of Covid 19 (Swinnen, 2018).
TASK 2
Strength and weaknesses of two countries
In this section comparison of various weaknesses and strengths of China and United States
of America has been conducted. Michael man theory of power states that the power sources in an
economy come from four types. These include military, economic, political and ideology. These

are the four basic sources to understand the history. The major power concentrates on the sources
therefore the comparison between two countries China and United States of America have been
conducted based on these four sources.
Military source: China spends 1.9% of the GDP in their military budget. However, in the budget
still remains 40% from that of United States. Strength of China’s active personnel is more than
that of United States. This is a strength for China. United States however stands second rank in
the number of active person is. On the other hand when comparing on nuclear equipment’s.
Those present with China or less than that of United States of America. United States of America
is ranked second in this where China stands at 4th rank (Tsai, and Men, 2017). This is a weakness
for the military of China and a strength for that of United States of America.
Economic sources: There are various strengths and weaknesses in economy of United States of
America. These trends in the economy of United States of America consist of consumer
confidence. 70% of GDP of the country comes from consumer spending. It is a great measure for
economic growth of the country. Consumer confidence in United states it’s heading positively
for the country. Low unemployment and corporate earnings growth level of country are also the
strains of economic sources of the country. On the other hand, the tariffs, high debt levels and
rising interest rates in United States of America our weaknesses found in its economy. Due to
rise in tariffs the inflation can be seen in the country. There are a number of metal heavy
products such as cars and so on which our force between trade wars and the inflation in this
product. When taking the economic benefits provided by China it can be seen that China needs
to change its economic model. However, China has outgrown the model which it was earlier
using due to tolerance of foreign government. It is often seen that China provides loans and
cheap workforce but it is soon going to run out. The wealthier Chinese citizens are resulting into
law labour available in the country. The labourers are also now demanding higher wages and
good benefits in return. Due to this the economy of China may face threats in future.
Political sources: China has a strong central government which have resulted in various new
technological achievement for the country. It is home to the largest hydroelectric dam in the
world. And also, the world’s fastest supercomputer (Shagdar and Nakajima, 2018). The
infrastructure of China has been developed enormously. The political parties in China are a great
advantage for the country.

It is however seen even after having centralised political power various authority of China is
delegated to the local and regional governments. This is affecting the management and the
effective attainment of goals and objectives. This is a weakness for the political powers in China.
Looking for strains in Constitution of United States it is seen that they avoid elective
dictatorship. Political conditions and circumstances of the constituencies are adoptable which is
another strength for it. However, the amendments are difficult to be brought in which leads to
weakness in the political sources. The citizens in United States are also not fully protected as it
has been seen in various instances such as Japanese being put in camps, patriot’s surveillance,
these are various weaknesses in United States
Ideological sources: sources of ideologies can be established through various power relations. It
is often seen that formation of ideologies is resulted through social domination of various groups
to maintain a power and expand their power. The politics in China is a socialist public
framework which is run by a single party known as Communist party of China and headed by a
general secretary. Why it is seen that none of the modern ideologies is used by China. The
communism and capitalism are major to global ideology is used by them. The idea logical
sources of China proving to be a weakness for the country. When considering United States of
America conservatism, libertarianism, liberalism and populism are the four major ideologies
used by United States. All these have different varying extent. These ideologies have led to
progress and growth in United States and the country have seen a number of growth phases with
the help of these ideologies. US is prevailing these ideologies from a long period. These have
proved to be strengths for United States of America.
CONCLUSION
The above report effectively concludes that the conflicts between United States of America
and China have been going on from a long period. In the early period the conflicts were
regarding wars and military. However, from changing time the conflicts majorly turned into the
trade conflicts. There have been amendments between these two countries in order to bring peace
and stop the conflicts various number of times. still the issues and conflicts can never be resolved
and continue to grow. There are various instances mentioned in this report which concludes how
trade war between these two countries is prevailing from a long period of time. The weaknesses
and strengths of both the countries based on four major resources which are military, economic,

political and ideological sources conclude how they compete with each other in all these four
sources.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Foster, J.B. and McChesney, R.W., 2017. The endless crisis: How monopoly-finance capital
produces stagnation and upheaval from the USA to China. Monthly Review Press.
Jaeger, S.R. and et. al., Can emoji be used as a direct method to measure emotional associations
to food names? Preliminary investigations with consumers in USA and China. Food
Quality and Preference, 56, pp.38-48.
Syed Alwi, B.P. and et. al., 2018. Inter-national Branding Strategy and its Effect on Brand
Performance: A Comparison Between the USA and China”.
He, S., Kilgour, D.M. and Hipel, K.W., 2017. A general hierarchical graph model for conflict
resolution with application to greenhouse gas emission disputes between USA and
China. European Journal of Operational Research, 257(3), pp.919-932.
Baker, D., and et. al., 2020. 100 years from now: comparing parental perspectives about supports
for adults with autism in the USA and China. Advances in Autism.
Swinnen, J., 2018. Policy Reform in History: Europe, the USA, and China. In the Political
Economy of Agricultural and Food Policies (pp. 109-134). Palgrave Macmillan, New
York.
Tsai, W.H.S. and Men, L.R., 2017. Consumer engagement with brands on social network sites:
A cross-cultural comparison of China and the USA. Journal of Marketing
Communications, 23(1), pp.2-21.
Shagdar, E. and Nakajima, T., 2018. Economic Effects of the USA-China Trade War: CGE
Analysis with the GTAP 9.0 a Data Base (No. 1806).