Organizational Culture, Motivation, and Individual Differences

This assignment delves into key aspects of management, beginning with an exploration of organizational culture, its definition, and strategies for effecting change within a company. It then examines Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory as a prominent theory of employee motivation, detailing its application in modern workplaces. Finally, the assignment addresses individual differences that exist in workplaces, encompassing biographical characteristics and abilities, and discusses effective management approaches to leverage these differences for enhanced workplace dynamics and overall organizational success. References are provided from various academic sources to support the arguments presented.

Running Head: Introduction to Management
Introduction to Management

Introduction to Management 1
1. What is organizational culture? How can it be changed?
Organisational culture is a system of shared assumptions, beliefs, values which manages how
people behave in the organization. In simple words, it can be said that organizational culture
signifies the combined beliefs and values of the organization. Each and every company follows a
unique organizational culture which guides the employees for their behavior at the workplace. It
is very difficult to change the organizational culture of the existing company. The reason being
the organizational culture of an organisation is consists of the set of values, goals,
communication practices, attitudes, and assumptions (Waddell, Creed, Cummings, & Worley,
2013). To bring the changes in the organizational culture, the company have to decide the new
culture they want to bring in the organization and the changes they are looking to make changes
in the organization. The two most common elements in creating organizational culture changes
are-
 Training, mentoring and communication- The role of employees is most important in
the culture changes, the employees have to understand what the company is expecting.
Training can be helpful for the company in communicating the new changes they are
looking at the workplace and to clearly state about the expectations of the company from
the employees (Alvesson, & Sveningsson, 2015). Communication and mentoring will
help the employees in learning and adapt the new culture.
 Employee’s support- The employee's support is must to bring the changes in the
organization. The employees should show their behavioral support for the culture change
apart from the verbal support. It is important for the company to get the support of the
employees throws their behaviors.

Introduction to Management 2
2. Explain one prominent theory of employee motivation. How can this be applied in the
modern workplace?
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
The two-factor theory is also known as a motivational-hygiene theory or dual-factor theory. This
theory was developed by the Frederick Herzberg in the year 1950s. The theory talks about the
two factors that can influence the employee motivation and satisfaction (Alshmemri, Shahwan-
Akl, & Maude, 2017).
 Motivation factors lead to motivate employees and satiation to achieve the goals by doing
hard work such as career progression or promotion, feeling valued and recognized.
 The absence of the Hygiene factors leads to the company policies, salary, co-workers and
manager’s relationship and benefits.
According to Herzberg’s, both the factors influence the motivation of the employees, the absence
of the hygienic factors will dissatisfy the employees.
Implementation of the theory at the modern workplace
This theory is implemented by the organization for the most productive and for the happiest
workforce. The company uses this theory and they make sure that their employees are feeling
appreciated and supported. The company gives feedbacks to the employees so that they can
achieve the strategic goals that lead to the growth and success of the company. To prevent the
job dissatisfaction of the employees this is the reason company facilitate them good working
conditions and make sure they are fairly treated (Alfayad, & Arif, 2017). The Hygiene factors
add value to this motivation and this is the reason benefits are given to the employees.

Introduction to Management 3
3. What are some of the individual differences that exist in workplaces? How can these be
managed more effectively?
Individual difference
Each and every employee working in the organization contains some of the differences. It
depends on each employee who they act in the same situation. The way of response on the
situation might vary from person to person. Some of the individual differences are discussed
below-
 Biographical Characteristics- The biographical characteristics include age, gender, and
tenure of the employees at the workplace. Individual people present at the workplace
consist of different age group, with both men and women and with different working
experience (Scott, & Davis, 2015).
 Ability- Each person maintain an individual capacity to perform the various task at a
workplace, a person contains both intellectual abilities and the physical abilities. The
capacity to do tasks that demands the stamina, strength and the dexterity comes under the
physical abilities of the employees. The capacity to perform the mental task such as
thinking, problem solving and reasoning comes under intellectual abilities.
The manager needs to make sure that they understand the individual difference at the workplace.
The manager needs to combine the individual to the organization to enhance the working
environment and the job satisfaction of the employees. There is the presence of the people with
different characters and with different abilities. The manager and leader should assign the task
considering the abilities and keep the employees on the same page (Landy, & Conte, 2016). The
manager needs to make sure that the age of the individual will not create an impact on turnover,

Introduction to Management 4
absenteeism, and productivity. This will manage the performance of the individual of different
age group. The manager expects more efficient work with the employees who are senior. These
decisions of the managers lead to the growth and success of the company.

Introduction to Management 5
References
Alfayad, Z., & Arif, L. S. M. (2017). Employee Voice and Job Satisfaction: An Application of
Herzberg Two-factor Theory. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1).
Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., & Maude, P. (2017). Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Life
Science Journal, 14(5).
Alvesson, M., & Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing organizational culture: Cultural change
work in progress. Routledge.
Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2016). Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley & Sons.
Scott, W. R., & Davis, G. F. (2015). Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open
systems perspectives. Routledge.
Waddell, D., Creed, A., Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. (2013). Organisational change:
Development and transformation. Cengage Learning.